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Introduction To Basic Electrical Components

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CJ Tapia
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Introduction To Basic Electrical Components

Uploaded by

CJ Tapia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Basic

Electrical Components
Understanding Essential Elements in Electrical Systems
Mr. Christian Justin Tapia,
LPT
Special Program Instructor - Mechatronics NC 2
Objectives

Identify key electrical components


Understand the function of each component
Learn how components are used in electrical systems
Push Buttons / Switches
Function: Control the flow of
electricity in a circuit by making or
breaking the connection.

Types: Momentary (normally


open/closed), Toggle, Rocker.
Pilot Lights

Function: Indicate the status of a


system (on/off).

Types: LED, incandescent.

Applications: Status indicators on


machinery, appliances..
Buzzers

Function: Provide audible alerts or


notifications.

Types: Piezoelectric,
electromagnetic.

Applications: Alarm systems,


notifications in control panels.
Circuit Breakers

Description:
Function: Protect circuits by
interrupting the current flow in case
of overload or short circuit.
Types: Miniature Circuit Breaker
(MCB), Earth Leakage Circuit
Breaker (ELCB).
Applications: Residential and
industrial electrical systems.
Terminal Blocks

Description:
Function: Provide a secure
connection point for electrical
wires.
Types: Single-level, multi-level,
barrier.
Applications: Wiring connections in
panels, control systems.
DIN Rails

Description:

Function: Mount electrical


components securely in a panel.

Types: Top hat rail, G-rail.

Applications: Component mounting


in control panels, distribution
boards.
Wire Ducts

Description:

Function: Organize and protect


electrical wiring.

Types: Slotted, solid.

Applications: Cable management in


panels, enclosures.
Panels

Description:
Function: House and organize
electrical components and control
systems.
Types: Control panels, distribution
panels, junction boxes.
Applications: Central control of
electrical systems in buildings and
machinery.
Review of Components
Recap on the functions and types of each components:

● Push Button / Switches


● Pilot Lights
● Buzzers
● Circuit Breakers
● Terminal Blocks
● DIN Rails
● Wire Ducts
● Panels
Push Buttons/Switches

● Function: Control the flow of electricity by making or breaking the connection in a circuit.
● Types:
○ Momentary: Only active while pressed (e.g., doorbell switch).
○ Toggle: Maintains the state (on/off) until manually changed (e.g., light switch).
○ Rocker: Similar to toggle but with a rocker mechanism (e.g., standard household switch).

Pilot Lights

● Function: Indicate the status of a system or component (e.g., on/off status).


● Types:
○ LED: Low power, long lifespan, and bright (e.g., indicator lights on control panels).
○ Incandescent: Traditional, less efficient, used in older systems.
Buzzers

● Function: Provide audible alerts or notifications to indicate status or faults.


● Types:
○ Piezoelectric: Uses piezoelectric crystals to produce sound, compact and reliable.
○ Electromagnetic: Uses an electromagnet to produce sound, typically larger.

Circuit Breakers

● Function: Protect electrical circuits by automatically interrupting the current flow in case of overload
or short circuits.
● Types:
○ Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB): Automatically switches off in overload or short circuit
conditions.
○ Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB): Detects earth faults and disconnects the circuit to
prevent shock.
Terminal Blocks

● Function: Securely connect multiple electrical wires and facilitate their organization.
● Types:
○ Single-Level: Simple connections in a single row.
○ Multi-Level: Allows more connections in a compact space.
○ Barrier: Provides separation between connected wires to prevent short circuits.

DIN Rails

● Function: Provide a standardized mounting solution for electrical components within a panel.
● Types:
○ Top Hat Rail: The most common type, used for mounting various components.
○ G-Rail: Less common, used in specific applications.
Wire Ducts

● Function: Organize and protect electrical wiring, ensuring neat and safe cable management.
● Types:
○ Slotted: Allows for easy access to individual wires.
○ Solid: Provides complete protection and a tidy appearance.

Panels

● Function: House and organize electrical components and control systems, providing central
management and protection.
● Types:
○ Control Panels: Used to control machinery or systems.
○ Distribution Panels: Distribute electrical power to various circuits.
○ Junction Boxes: Connect and protect electrical wiring connections.
Introduction to Motor
Control
Basics of Motor Operation and Control Systems
Objectives

- *Objective 1:* Understand the basic concepts of motor control.


- *Objective 2:* Learn about different types of electric motors and their
applications.
- *Objective 3:* Identify and understand key motor control
components.
- *Objective 4:* Design and analyze basic motor control circuits.
What is Motor control?
Managing the operation of electric motors to start, stop, and regulate their speed
and direction.

Application: Used in machinery, HVAC systems, appliances, and industrial


automation.
Types of Electric Motors
- *AC Motors:*
- *Induction Motors:* Common, reliable, used in fans and pumps.
- *Synchronous Motors:* Operate at a constant speed, used in precision applications.

- *DC Motors:*
- *Brushed DC Motors:* Simple, used in small devices.
- *Brushless DC Motors:* Efficient, used in high-performance applications.
Basic Motor Control Components

- *Contactor:* Electrically controlled switch for motor power.


- *Relay:* Electromagnetic switch for controlling circuits.
- *Motor Starter:* Combines contactor and overload protection.
- *Variable Frequency Drive (VFD):* Controls motor speed and torque.
- *Overload Relay:* Protects the motor from overheating.
Basic Motor Control Circuits

- *Start-Stop Circuit:*
- *Components:* Push buttons (start/stop), contactor,
overload relay.
- *Function:* Start and stop motor operation.
Basic Motor Control Circuits

- *Forward-Reverse Control:*
- *Components:* Two contactors, limit switches.
- *Function:* Change motor direction.
Hands-On Activity 1: Start-Stop Motor Control Circuit

- *Objective:* Build a circuit to control motor start and stop


functions.
- *Materials:* Push buttons, contactor, overload, motor.
- *Instructions:* Connect components on a simulator. Test start and
stop functionality.
Hands-On Activity 2: Forward-Reverse Motor Control
Circuit
- *Objective:* Create a circuit to control the motor’s direction.
- *Materials:* Two contactors, limit switches, motor.
- *Instructions:* Wire contactors to change motor direction. Test
functionality.

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