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Physics Notes English

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Physics Notes English

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© © All Rights Reserved
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ic Phcrsi13

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?.^d sryLol *t &^ ,

.P{fi nnUon
TLa- ?\rA*"""]
1w"biu k)tr;c.h c-c .n nob Ue_ ArgnnA did{
?\gd'tr,ra"t+ea
Physi .rl q sA unib Sy-rr,Lal
'rnn b,+;eJ Olrtt e,ng\en
I, Lanffth vnAta.^/ rn L
5. k, to f-e,rrn wa M
^LA9:
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k, curr€-nt A*P 8",{L A /r


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b. Luminotts tr,+e ,ns,:qy cade.la .A ,e
1. A m ounb D5- gtLbslr;t rn o1a* fiol n\al

w:gJi-ui231Y ^'{g1lri." o*_ ,p*14 t*,$i^nl


oe*lrur on kr
-\)-
c\uar.t tios 'uilich u,r k- Aa-*J .fo-.n &^A^\#
" r*
=.[ ,elq'^jfio, sr unit ) I be | Di
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)cn

vato dV v
\,.f
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'r
emp nt
---_------_-

imo-

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CLVnlp
, . *L
I r rfi€_ LT

xcttcgl,ayo"f;
F=Mass MLr.
Im pulsa 1_ =ftrcor hrne na*a,l-an SPwrtA

vrlorf (ort)
w = wcax r|,,"s7'la
M L*.T
aat
*
Fna{ff1
wov4 9*?
l)-
t - --
- Ti'.ne_
M;T"
neus*on rne,4af-'\' . -) I -L .-l
nnsssL{w- lF= ry+" AJrn- i,Vt-'T-
@
* /,nAus-'l*qy1,hq1"r:
j*!r9{ €gltg'
(:t)1+\; ur"J &"r rnms,;rrn7 accur-^V)y W Ar*en*or :v-S ,bz*
tl..P fo rAaf)mum
"i 5D rnrn.
(D FrrnuPl'si- rvrafl.*i
'-- frr; t ars"v rnouon u-u.t +r^a- circutray
sc"ne'D
QE 'ba:t cpu,rt Tl::,3."
\ril Sc",E^o V"na l,nava- F.S. R nJ H . sc
(.x) Maoizv-rr-- t6.c Xea{r*7 Oho-n t6. toJy- is Ynf y*l !en^€"n ff.poS

4 zlftov
--EE N%'aU\^s

Pus i Live e4YoY

-
Irdus.t^"^f oqfl,aA onx
gl,.rf , Eflsvil? +
$) ?t'g u s"A \ n r.'tq 'tn"n Ae- tf,." 1u."hy
PwAuc,t-ton

[X) ff s uSnJ to rvta.p{*u'rc tt^!- T}"ic-hna}8, D)arn e,Wd * etjltt,


Sulch a-t 6-i1rrQ- r ff-la*S , pi a,+a- .

bp fr '& LLI€J .So Sc,tenca


^4 fuAeeXLh A"yr*,,^sn+.
(X) T+ " e wdi in *1, *lolz tfl'a- Voiu ,,)a- 4 .nrrP-A"J +*"
'
PYuJutc$on
Exrla^n ytyo{ cuUYrx fC qrq Ecnna- fndusfri J aff!;&-Fions

Vg{*t{@r:g
(r) ft la tte-{s^,Hle- -InsLruma,^t
b1 p.-nui pla- : - rB
tN-rtl
crj Srna-
c.arntlnorh'on
ryfne
o*o*uunt !,;nel
ftrw- tf.s- cerract rea&n$ .

t+l l* * Courn-t- - o.o\ c rn


(:+> V€irrvra< ,,"L;p* lta8 tuori3 S.*[e t) nnSR \D t/SC

ia Maasuye tL!- "}^ea.Lf dhon +ff,r bJy" is fr*ffd


ll #,*e,ng-.,"eo $u:s

utsh"el atrrfiG<-h'en 5

tir
\" fn nu*op6"bito-
-It ia UVd accl;rra+a 'ryr{agqf€ffer4,t ry \".*)A ,yu*g;,s ,)ayt,
ttr;caaga4 ry +fu o|lect
tiDT*srs@
Tr ix uspd to e-Nea^{€- 'tfr- w*ry
fi* uc in +Wry iune*on
q,'\
b "noj,ta.l u4t+"ld
sL 'ia r*trA +-o QCLut"ry prs d*,on v ta
^^a I

tto
?t i* VSzA jn e-fyaM.,.or1 -J mi"+^!
(v)
r+ l* upd rc rv\casu"e ttc. ho\ea, ooiJff., aj. piper" Vol umQ-
@
.rY F ^-e*-*gII9Ie."r* .'twt
ma-bic
L /r\quvu
ra.a
qb + *lr!-L-r-r. ltlx ^gyoil
F,'rror g *
'*,o. unc€-r;a-in\ in r{er(surra-me-nt.]s c^lloul

Pes oj tr-YYoT
-
(il sg s Le rn a-t:i
rv\.,-ffi
c- e Y r"o
/v"a/V\--l
rs
.-V-l-s

++ 'fqj qre Ye-p 116 d u a ib \e in aa. u .ro.c-i e-s -L h a-L


c'ons\.s t- errt! in same d\re-c L\on
-x Aostxurnent-cr} o-rvor
4( :-nipesrJ e-"tfrsr ef- ppt-nen\ r"unt-atr b'e-ehvio?qc (ov)
Prtrap-auve-
,( flevso.ro.l- 8\-YoY
b( E: vfor .lUe L o e.rrLernal c.auSPl
J( Le asg c aurnL €)rrov
tii) Rqndo rn e)rrors
:* Utnpre-Jj.Ea,Lta c-hcrhgas in a-x.fe\r innenh-d
C-ond i ftgrt+ ir"fo- p re-ss Lrlre_ , t_.e-rry:enra"Lure , vo t+-a?e_

+,+ xr y"J alao cba- to Foson l Orr-org


n
T-Yujh \/
(t zr Qno= -l- ,F* oi
rt f.--
l=i

frii)
' fl bsolrrLa
r.Zrz'v-nffrfzr+
€Yro
.*
v

Ab*olube QY"'-oY = TYL.fh value ._ l4eas urr.d vr'lqa- '

Aarn = + {
l=l
iu", I

(iq Relative aY\ro r


l-\/-v-!-\,2!-,B
^,t'-+*-:-
Me-an q-bs rl,{.Le .e."rYdY
13-r
Retotitre- ZYror = Mecrn valuP- rlrn
@w -re4+"s-ng*q:p;-i: an
r=jtb +$ e34n E

Ewor
rA^\,^
P'rcpaqotion
{*.-/\/w
-{,,a'-')^
:^

Qi) Errror PrroPa$aUion,dhen fb ba'k-ee


Pars e na-t MeqSq?re-rnenL in a .*f*itrur1h&t'
(ii) Errroy P"I-opo8ot\on d.t^z bo p"ex-sono-l aTrt)r
(iiir {*vrar P"ro paAq Son oLuo Uo Mofhgr"oe-bi
ce

bpe;ra, bi o n i n c-uJaa^tro ti on t*
ur , at$5ra"enca, pyo d-uetrd ivis;o!
(ivl e-Y'^oY P'oF*Bq.hon o e-ce.rirs in ,Ltfn rqb
Vyyzr" ins t'ru merrt.

=TluL pre-ccr.,.tr9n
Vy.\t"v.X,- r'-\/\-\-'\-zY
3 J:*: k::*Ig:: ]fflyg
til ?uje-e-E1'ons \ n wv,,e,, l--- \n
e-aperimonf*t tz.c,hnierrs-
u*nd,

ti\l ProPe/r ln i bia0 a{u*tnnar,L ln Prroc€ss


(n1) 'I-o crvo i d hurnan
€-nrrrov

(iv1 To n.1 c)*o aJc"Iatt'on In mo.fhaz'.'r--iiu


* o Pwafion

(v-l TaRe- avzfaF Valru- fm", tosru khen No ' of


R"adr'n3

(v ) Avo id e'nror6 Jrou bo ex*Pr"nal <-at,_<as'-


l-ntT - Il
tQsol ufip n o! . VecLor . Tn bo
bt*--\r/\-./\-r'--*-/ frua
fxPtnrn hoos
z-n--A-z-< -'\-/\.a\-/
P' ic..r-tqy
f:r4-=4-fY
(ve.'tahqcr [av) (0 rr:,-Pc.hr'nn
-/^\--\/\--\ -Yt---_/ "--\-"'\-4\/\&/

Q
b
Sl
Lt

(x] con s ider l-L" r ca'rn'1'orur*s'


ta.rryel.a

(#) Flori =onta.-[ crr^Yonen t C


oA) a'cft ng at x- qxis

Qe0 \terLi ea,) CrrraflonP-nt (oo) a.rfiry aL y-aru*


ts ac+ing a* x axit, tshr value- *! F in
Fx) f,f F
y axis ts ze-vo
a* y , th'- Y6!-ua- % F" in
f t tr ta aah'rtg
acr-r-s
(-KJ

x axfs i'a zesr71

Ad^rs

Aooc- eos &=


3&
?"
s@=
ffi
t'
Oe-

t
ow.s
4-. n&= 4
- Oe @s.e = OF OC= " t+yP
L-
tr (Ps@.
= OA

wLwr*
eoE Cw*)= :s
Oc-

SinO 9b,
= Oc
oc .sioO - oE,
L o.. rJ
tr .3in6l = OB
L
I Harizonta-l C-annf o ne=nL on)- F .a.s &
(
t
I vervLi **J cohnp o he-nL- C- n4= e.sin e
tI
Deserih. an erpeyiment
law ol
t€\'/'-F\'"V'
4orecs.
-**r---<=--Y d ,-c6'f
(.Y5.-7
rN ;a,;ooAlSpulrel I

s+n n,
Y4w

o,ed?tD 91" zaD


lcoP z)&0-

t
(r) A wooden beard $ixed verti callg
c-orrrcrs of b oqrd
tir,) Ttrro Sfffoofh pufleys jtxed bo P
ttt,l Srnq ll striry PassaC o\tel Eh!- P t-rll$ 4 '

:iV) {No ura:iVl'.L ho.ngavs (r,w) tied i+t znd-'


ak ' o'
aPri rd waiXkt
ho.n3e.r R fa tiad
rr)
withot'r-t
faPa,r $ixed on
board
(r i) smail whiLz
fie*c-hlrr3 th!- String*
**?#f-
fr) t\eAilured 0A, oB, oc-/oD *o-,rvraspondiry
V'ii) Raqdi nqU a{e- 'tagujo't od ,

(i x) fn atl eeLire'rirnen*s Wa dhoru bha-b

tx) paratletoVrary, laru * rloYtza Ye,rift'ed ,

81.
hJc P @ K 00 6B OL CID l-ry
l

3
I
r' l

D@A c rl be* Oo Qxpe.rirne rut bo V er\-&u\ thq lq*i 'a Srqoremn


lr-r"z-.:-,l,--1^ f-.rn.r"r.-n-,^-*
.-=:"^*,,,,..* G*H z}.^.*^..,

oolon

?oqu(
'gt"rtrlfl

&',^n

Cil n woode-n boord f ixad \rerb{ "a\ e+ L"o'd'


.r,r, smoo{'h pu-Lleg+ $rt-d tog e-or.2{3
di.r
passed ovu{ tho- ?"IluS o '
tiii; .grnatl s{-ting
-l-wo we-ig&-t ha'ngavs Cn o 7 ttzd it^ or'd
(iv)
ls tt ad aL ' cD'
(v) rh;rel **iflt hoig*
R
on boqrd with ouL'
fu,) irnal t whtta Porex ;ftxed
touchtng Eh.o 8+rr{ ngca **st"
eaQY4.lohdir5
[viD noas.*ved &',P"f f-or

Reo.di1g a\'{o bab


J^atLd R]
kiii) Eho,,., Lho.t
p&
.F7-=
wQ-
t;*1 fn aL\- '&*fe-"nirnenE'a sinaL slnP ginC

HpnM- Lhesfern W-,r1fi"$,

I
I
* " . ..*--*. *,"**
D(Jg&t:gn *a*_d@:t"r,na

A.+-d,*G+ dt --ie
\rned s''Jt

mqS9 strnL
Knovoa
ff) ff).,
r

t)nknor^lva m Ss

?*oriz'onballS on s@"d
cit A anz rnelav- sc*te ftxed
/.nasJ Mf rs tied at A
tii) Rnown.

tiuunx nourn mr.ss


l*12 rs hrad 6L b
be't wan A
and G
tiiil d, +' drlta. n ea
b and 6
( iY) dz + dirtanca be'tvna>-r-)
M^ss
dt and dt *"' eltao'ent-
tld A$'ws*ed
onulib"i'-.:
(rrir) ,Now 6 r's re-achal
tlxlil) Thz^ L"LPe-Yr roe-n L is "re-P e^heA
'

1i x) Tha- raadlry a,Ta 'Lahulortod

F.in., pt^ o+ fnorna,nt


t----^-
sa----^--

tha
-
CloeRrr'ris fnortl0r+ = Bqrn o#ttara.nl-i ofHL
8um a$
Ffir df = fry-d>
fnz fn, dr
= T
tfu
[x) rrrtn
,l
Dean ualPa
I rabulatr'on , wa
st"t to Ir) 1
d, da hr=#
! $r"na bhz wd*\L I
z-
I + un K notnrn bd{{ 3
I' +
uN
.#-
t-r-
@@noJ h'-@,
tii) Jq!-L:is .Jf"u:e-b* qna (fi, fh rou)n yerti ca.llq upwqrd at'.{
F\-/-

SIY-$€r- corr@ine@
*

ti\'./I Hqri=pf !".1 eq uation 9t-I]P!95l


r'{'\^r\-s
r\:^;-^ry.+g
(*) cr,osi,A@( q bo{ r.nervirlg
*lrts d. sbroiSht lina ' LL:+
Ag x ioe motic- guot-o' ' a-

ti.r V-= t,r.+aL


til v2= 1'14-P zots
(i.ri) s= rt+f,atl
whzvr_,
u-+ In1tro-l velocitY
v_+ e in^$ ve-Lo<-i !
O.+ orce-eje-trcLLion
L-> eime.
* si-> dlb p\o cQrrr snL
,fi1 eqJration .{or $allin3 J"*"-lg l- iir') reucrti/A-ons
,a]^-\^ .--^-
.4ov verLle-all
^^.Ev^..e Y--^^,^- ^^,^r^^r.*.
tr*=r\f:z:*-

tt) c.,nsidqr a bolj J"flir5 (x) eansiCe r 4. bodg tlnvourn


;freat5 ab hot )'E Ve-vti d--l lg up txerds
("x/ t<\ nzrna-ti e aXuati on ' (.X I Rtn e-*tor*t' < eyya.g1on

i ) V=il+at (i-t v=u+ott


V= o *St G = (r-3t

i') v? u?- rqs, a"3


iir \r L ct? zas t= b

vLo+egh S -l,t ? = !"- ,sh 8= h


b=t q = -g

iiir s=ilt *$acl


,m) s=ut+f,a*
h=Ltt-*gf
h:o +lgt-o
2', **SL"
h= 3L.L
h=Iqgl
2-r h= g.'- *g Eo
h =l3LL
Ejq9"l F .jc.hla rnebon ,l* _a trrr.je c*le-

I
(rr
tl64 'l fq.t,""t*)
Xn*-1Q ix JaJ, *4 berutnn*, hte- Jiw.*n'on
"j fr;nc#ontlot-'zungl ^,rT'b-
^?tqnu
0J aoA
fl*;e.1ion
'

tii)%u)
A Fe+|, dwwibd bd ru pm;e.+t"{s- f-nrn +f"o pCIirLf ,j fvr1€efi an

""d
t

PT.J e cn to vEacAg tf'" he* ,-' l-^tr Planq- '

t ii) N\orrmurn Yu-i6,'t^t (u)


' ,^l Alsptera-n4_a_/\t r* tt _ pta;e+i{a J,v.rLr6

Lfu hnr,*"t=!t :E'L?l&

(ig nr* "1.,fl;l* [-r;


f^!- EtnQ +a4an Ay+$,s- 7w)zr.hl-a ff.u* +fu r"'o+ ".," pryzc6'
a,.r\ Froj zr{l1ls- yggcfu''S t6'a' h'orrzanp] f\an'o-'
ffi
G
! .T + _---------- - |

fv) tfofi z-" f*-{ ger rr?e-19


t"'*u;"r** eJ projee4ion
*-h^)ee-o ,Frr".r +fi,e- poinb "rA
p*iu+@ hori zo"l-.l- Planc-
1-
^t
a
f\n
':421L1--
8
vi)conAin** &v r,(fiEdri,urn R"ttx,t
:rl,Iq. thq-
ryed!'YW!ft

[#) Csngide.r c\ porfiJa- .n^i^d ^[oq a cire uular Pr**',


'r.':irh rad,iu,t4 "{
(*) In', 6^\1; ff.* pa*" h.clc florcd (t pti n* A
(t*l Af+ov L-:qconJs a^r-- par6ola- fead""d qt ?r\nt g
An6l*lay ci lrp
= .9*
r,ra Lo t,)
t
lrnaa, rfa,Lotit6. V :.:
?
B

OT
LN
"AoAts
*:*=-
Stn e=+
L\et a- I is wt*X Sm"'tl. 3o 9in& =-&
-'j D =Z
TO :-J

t q
\/v-l .4 -
L
r/ Y A
t
V:Yu0
h naar wlo d ry = "lf:aLu*8 x ^^Wlgv r6o't'od 3
Sorn@ epf,f" Lra+ton u! Cel\Ly1p"+""1
f-,ro ,z nA Qntn
s^':-- - \-1\f"rl^l
i'P-
Np?Liro1oru e{ c4,,'t',1 PrV! f*r..
(*) fha 4Vi.bronal fnrcs- ?i\,sl b" Lr'.r- &Myea* {-^.'tL W
VLWc)g nnoVrnS \n ctvcr,t,t ,r. 7od^.
(F) 'rhc a"gAt- "; .baortiry blve.b bD t1"a- c€,nLr,rPe+"f $ra ,-
['r.rin rnovrnX in Cu*,*J 7c+,tln
(*) C,rvavit*"ku.*[ #*tc-q- ffve'5 h ttq-
trluon ,**eY a,bowL cu^\ eq{\h "

Aeflnw.ttc,rtA .j Cenk ii-,4"f {=rce-

(qts) Dua tb tf"c- c€-&hfr +"e"r* &t* t, W+ 'lfc- L,urnr+€,r ,t'rv,r)


tfu *41 bY ?Ltrnb-
(+) oi,ta tt> t-ts- ta^ly",t"W 1-x@ 4* .t "d t-f"-a- c-{c Yka- by
tJrtJ h"b ma.c)ina
(+) n,n- te ttru- ur1lt'tt,Lfr^l &rrp*. t, WL W bvb+Qq f**
t,.a m\\k
[9 C-at1+.lL^sr*L +*-zr- aff{^ aA \ n ""r.tCs [email protected]
IL.\L:rt*t-
.J.
c4r1 i4At fu&Ne^,na $,!" c.rc { pn Aua ro

T:^*ri a\ry sl*Ptc 7e*Aulum

A e ca.fur-a66r1"' ,n ,\ou 'fu W"i ry


j-L
3= /tIT
Tu

L )L*ffi& a$ *1,r' Simfla- Fendnlum


T *+ cscillofion Ur"lo-'

&a *o*i lla+ion 'rinna {.rlla}ion


irnO
L
"r T*

L
).l
+'
5
60nstytruhon
tfr n bctl\ UrA a* ono enA * A W\ILLA
me+^,), Vhvee,A,
tr) Anot}'e.u enA dLA ^k Yu;pbe,t' C-D{1< ,
(+o L ---> tanff-lk
"f ttu- simfl& YenA,rlam,
be- p'.])a,i b"{ LIN)*
g;Auu'}crYs
ffi*; bcl ix to
qry) r{ow ba}l will W !^ck +" ttu eKa{ sila.
ix ' trillleA ona osLitl aa'on
t+) -r}"l s
trp> ltarX -Lhs- rrma-% +akt1 &-D ositllar, o,
(+) Th-q- uil+qry1me,lh i* -rf;*) {.v trye"-'q l9'Y4k'

[tl 'tl.u osd ]lafian U r.,a ia V^,bq[^]e{,


Exfla^n StrtJS * }t^r-^"rn
ff
C{.ry!€- .fo y rm@iA y cr qlira
(x)orw e,\d a* rnbt",& or) 'rb #*A. /\a.ott*r etu) k'tJ ^5.$A
'tncry€a-4i ,'V
^*
(+) tncrrealp- t/^-o
"Mylnt *,rA
rwla&t@-'-tl.E- LUuft{F, "

X--axtS -> stm,n (t^."ne^*"rp tt!_ )rrg4+)


' y *Ax,rS--a gbrus5 (f_-ora*a^A +1,,a_ ,rtJr@)
oA * EIas tlc tut3g
*gc

(E Stys.SJ \,L i o ereased rfl1te-rq S t:'zu r"r o/* o in cr.ecseC


(I)-r[e mrute-rr rr), **;n ',1\ w',funoJ b^ffh 6tj:14"r ^rt,rnott\ng U.o sfc53
(f) A --+ E\c({ri( \)rrr;$-
ry: WA e"Las+-c f fan+ty plrul!_
(x) st'srs iq iacrcaaeJ 'tfuer, Sf,,i,n
^ts, \ nc*ee,-*a-d rrn;r€-
Corr,Q- LqCk Fo foirt* . ft

Bp - YiaU Ke#^
i$ rlu" slve,) n i,t \nt.rep+lnq €h'e,{r L^rit-fl!CIuL+ ,,.n*rg4,g€- in shr€s^
(+l C -.> yi a)4 goint

Pn flrytq Yr7+
(D ruo* 31te)93 \* \nc^Pa*"d, +1,L J'lw,ri n arls o

trg E -> b.reo*;,5 shre.r4


{o n*rlSy tfrq wtr,a rxrz"kL +Ls- paint tr
^+
[+) f -> ir.xeo*^y po"rn] "
Ylqlat,n th^rorl-
*W*; % nnodu\u5 oj eLas ti t qy

mJulus oj e.L"sU.-,ry .= S,trci-in

)oung's r.rroJulus I g*tX r,t*.lolur I P,pAi ra "ro.l'^lug


)tun5\s\ *tt"*, stve sS gulr ?- guk
-*-::---:)#s Lra,ss *'i&w\ sI€r"U sry{-
,'roJuluSj *
7
rnczl*luS) L,ttqt S h.?,.in - g.dk s ly?in r,rodnluU = rhznn,rg
,.
_-*l.r
..\
stYa{n

E
MqL
r- -z -9=* Y t,_rv I -f * i iu
tt|.'tl- b
)l-,ry tt';1fl',,"'' g=ffi C.
o
\p
, .-()_
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'.*^*^a*l
5
H

+=L+k
8 ,9tr_"lf,ftt,"13 yS S&g:H
(+) Ela*$c rrta+air"[ uJC in c",.nsfrufior.r ry bw:,|*^y ^,,r4 Pi tlqr"
(*) flant c .na+p-*C USori in en^A br)Jpc-
Qg elagfi . 1a{err+r,,t ut-Q,] i n C,{ctnQ* e:rufi-ina-
n

\+) E[c"*]-tc r'la-[ana{ usJ in rnL'l.*l- farts a! rvtadninL:jT.


(t+) EIaSE c nta*a;-',a}* u-yi in racJnr, o\oyeJ li f<r.- o;y2^*^!t

t") ela*bc "n^+eiC *rA \vi ve/uce #.o- vibyal:rr:n ry ve6elu^


'tr) 3fY1 nfi , cnt c""J suh
tO ,E laxuc. r"ta+p-*}..i *tld
Fz" Plein Un"iforrn anr) nlon - u*i lwrn b^*"* e+ L"Qory)s
.:-*.Y=-'-::.o"*, .
-*-1
(i)_9,1f="n -:-:..'-
!9t"t[

(x) TL!- bec,rn oiA bA \tr


f[e f.r- ff c1{(
[x) rne wwVilcs AaA at t*o a-\A a,j- ^n
+tA* tes_rr
(x) rLl-
a1,rr.J {Qsr-$on tD \Al
achn3 ]n uf woffd .{.,.Ec*r,oyr
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cpnqq*#
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fr',) N*t- ly&r* be^'{, ng

fu) rha Lu* i* be^,ji Ln ths forrn *t Ctlyvg-


(+) 'rhe *dtrt* AeA c* @\HQ_ ry A,e- bean
1a; rhe- guJ {Qaffion Lo ry qwnt in ufurarJ Ju.rcrnon
($ rha- rq;ius oJ c.uda,t1{yg
a* e,,rw| po\M ia *{fe,N*
$) -r)^"s Vgeo e1 beril;ry i* caila[ Non*eni{ir* A*}^W .
t8
z ,F,
Wyzn*lz^t to_@ge {-i.l- younS\ ,nodoluA s+
o, h.r by _be.nb nft_\t u -.F',t'l$ . -
-
)oung'3 modulqs
=

foq-+ ,tdYAt
iu A\s+,r*
'ar1
bu+-roo'n u@"i31"'t
,ji*
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b{o
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t**+ kruP- d?L
b + l'''ftadfL Y+ bos'rn
Laam
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y +e!*to'n:: 't
ELwa'non
nnicxzs crrP* Ro$
f*t ffr-ry
unlnad,
w
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qlf zoo

FE a #*iA lwar-,,dt1 o tuo r-na^$ oAy


bu*{t
tD nNo EN vayt+x nd a* * ""q B
@ + Fin is fr*A unhne W Wq
ttvrh-csJLV Ja

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p enod^y qy{- twRA ff o't \Wfiul su,l-o- ln mic,",a'( wPQ-


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p A"aftg, tf.L Wu6't,mod,dw\ .t fo,en bz^n b d!+rr^/n,4
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ti) tieq* cor",'J,,r rl.,on
(i) fi<a-t C-ar\\,A charr
fi'\) +ap.t'l?adia.*. on

ti ) lleo* ConJuc+iovr

frea-L fwr r\s+<-"("


frrn ovw ?lacz +- anoytol, p\or c-u--
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t+Qo\-t f,r"rn A to B
tran-ff€"^r a:it-fuow.b
rr1owr4s4tr G* tLL_ roy=Ht;{p-

na+-l rrol is I*-*"J


ll l\ t\ ep.* Lonv€ ch ofl
P\ a ce to fi aY-r*-{ Yla ca
l+ ae* -tvan:l<af fr.rn o{}L
c4

L,-rrfh rnov€ ff\a/\t u tfu- Tcut'L. obs


t=-5 I
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i B
yftovp,rvr e-rvk Eji +1"4- f!:!'?--
f,,eP
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rA'Ja+of i s

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tu\thout h,p,tf oj oo1 m*4r*urq ^

g,q
:
:

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fiQa,k {"'f*n}de'/ 14'r"tn


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t+lft *avd 'in S+rqiq,Ak knq-
tva w hrawl tdii-r, *ionU *.b$*
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[O .ru obe.t1 tlra- lo* t , tv{taq,ba
"*lrrrran
tD r+ obey t.!- \nve,rsa sltaru 1c,"n
QD g+ Jr noY We7ot +r\!- *arC;u* t^Jk/n
prr3s{'8 trhwtgA, \t
(*)-Yt hat a. lnnry waxre-1,a,*y4,

.A
a--,1- Tso t1,.ov614f *l'wnffz AJiob"t t- c-l'a^72
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whan t.$..4 FryE"Slu"r( alrl tioluma- et rz floS
A"'f ,rl*nfl" In ?fu#qx<- ^nl volu fu"* t ../.trt?aj{u'tuvq- also *[wng-v ,

5^ w cLt c,ofistaf\h $-ry7o^wlttx-'

t n,olt $as

11 1l
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3horba21 ey l:,an* $.2n "fuiro (C
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h"^t do noL S*'n
S urrDun d,iy, u*tern s-uYro.r
nd irg
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s*::Wlryx -J/<^--
PV = CfrnbLa"Jic ?VY =- C,ortS|€'{"t
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't=-g
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UN\T.* T
Peahna unit.
An a-ee-o4bA sbo.ndard vatua u:hich e-ort\parr'son

o$ g ivan Ph5sic-o'L ?tran Elbias


Pe$i pe 9+*
rr\an'tlqnql
guanLib'es qTe-
Tha- O.; gs .^lhich tlra- Jundamenta-l
yaised 1;o ez-fress the- p\ siccl +t;':e"nbitg .

angtlz -+ dimensioo + L
Moss -+ d'irnsnsion 4 f''4
d'r'nqensiofl* T
+
-*
uqnfibie.s ! Give e-uorop\e-.
& t*hot AYo-
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e-a,n not be- dcvi yed g["o- aty o'thsY Phgslc''l
r,'uhich
{-uanbiti al La-n1tb, Mas'g- r1" rna-'
€7:

6 ur{hat qre derivcd %uanbiHoe ? \va eIcql1g\4-'


r,ul'ueh aYa e{eritred 3fivern Ju'dorrunto.l [uanUiHeA-
Et : A"ve-q r vo{qme, elen*iq
uhab 'is
fea s b counL ?
Tha smallasL v*lua thGb ca6 be' meaguveJ b3a
Measuring instrurn ent
4hob qve tulo hvPe" olF Maqsulerngnt
l. P i f€lc}- Meq strrrqrrent
Z . gn d-i rec_L rned(s trrern-ent. .

tur ri{e t?u- ConVe y-S ion


t ecrtoyie bo lou-ta
L en"loyia = 4, z ioq{a

fnornenb oj a ;[-orc"a- = ]avcc_ X pevpadiculor dislreincr-


Fetina <-o upl o-

-f uJo Q+t^qI .jor* ach13 tn oppasite diye<$too o5


o. bo d.r
O DeJ ine- sg*\3T
ttranUiL\es havilg on]S ?nqgniEudE,
phssica[ "*'{alt
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6: De.J'ine vee-Lo"r qkant\ t\as 6\vL @?(orr\?\es


p*reiea.l [tranbitreg having botb rnaSnitrrde and &reehon
Ex : vatocrtg / ae-e-ole,^raLron .

P?.file <.oncrrvrenE *orce^s '


*t-uro 6:r Ineira tho.n jfcnrce-s aebi13 ab a sin3\.e- po\nL'

@ qusilq qrr!ryqr ,&ryq*


Ttxo 6Y trnor€- lhcm aforeas ac-Li13 an ttua Sar,na ptana

IL is o- sin3\e Joree- uh\eh $vt* Eilo- same. Efi[e-et


as Lhot q+ all sther jorres ac'ti1g bogalfiav "

De*in€. aq ur librant
3L t s a- singla jorce u,hi"h aeting atong r*rith tlc- othE"v
Co"** Keoy,a thg poinb in aau*r {ibriu"rn .

l_ {!9i?*rtrro
!{try,qle_ f*.u q+ r*" +"r"*-*.
-)r ;f ore€s reptesented in rtSr,ihrd{- cr.nd &reeLion
by tsuro side oJ LyianSle_.
)e Than Hrro- yesul,tqnt, .jo".o repre.serrtad in rnag ni f ud e ""d
diracb\on by $rird side oj trran5le in thu cpposi f,s orel
Btqba poratlo)ogYqrn taur 4: :f"rgq
ie'rwo 3forces "?-pr€-senEed i"t m5nibrrde qnd divecbicn
by trxo ad;iaconL std,.q pqTq\lelogroro"
"J
* 'lt\ar) Bno- resul.LqnL f*co re?vzsenf-edr ln rn€ nl ttr
o.nd di.rc-cLion by dia-gon.rj oj thL Fqv-q llelogreoo,

++ r* thYee- Jorees 'e'fi13 crL s' poinL ba- \n eluiutrium,


Ff Tha-h e-qch j**' is dsreeb\5 Fo poYbtonq\ trr s ine-
ai q^o ar'flt/t be-Ltilaq-n tht otlrsv truo ;force s "
U/u lT*
e s ta+a rye^ n:n's fl pn-
EerX UoAg ConHnuES to aa jn s+c44 ry Ywt (ov) rwofiorr anle $
C"-irrt[ d"W * etp,rns"L &ru-
&*F^tq ry"eoii le:ls bp s ryt:r
-fhe, ?d1€- e+ c.Mr.ge- p* rywyyjeni1^m g a_ k$ i_g dr. *rtlfr pwp,
Lo tAt:- fura aafr*i r,'rt o,^A ffi* ?\a& +a* d;fe*.or? ui ;fs. forca

fut *tE,'t ALtr.on. fff.a;re is s,n e4Jd aA opy&t€. rcAcHon.


@c-
V= ut+a-L
v',= uof R-as
,41*orrhqeB,,ryf!" @{!
fhl rnqilrnffro tsP)qc!-.'\s^t S aViu'rzttl nfl Wr+;
e - *t*,,bo*L
troro V*- ft"rA Toint ls c*.lloh "nyL'+ds*
hrha*- is
/ t^r
^r(t
p*je.dl:rl
i S Pyq)e ch la t" L__
A .bo.[y pv.jec6"rJ.in S;faui- , writh urv fovm rre-l.rci E i . lr,ovr Z<ra f"*d C; l"";i
atr\ U*fuxrn ac.ce{srr"+ron dd0 foyva;f ln rna'rt',*{ &re.h on "

td\-al1 o\ b"d* ry 'ra


^LrB uruJaV f6.4+ r.tA-0,1 t-rq b mDh'or)
g +h. ,r+ lt' cAlel a&ilo"ru.m56.or\
^ "n0.fl r

ee#ne^ qryAa,bx trybav


T1^l* a,tfu kry/Larl tlE- v JjuJ ueqoy 1, oy1€- gzrond .
a.tfti,dtar wJocifi *= #'
pe"trruo_ Pe.'oi ?"f Ievqlt,{tl*ql
{talinna- fu,kan ,V o pqrh'c@ yo cornybp orra- rneaioluh'on .

e
rhs nL{rnberr
"j revotr..lionJ Y ^ 3ar*r c{-c- fn one S*rr,.d,
)$q+ilq qf$P+^t fae :

@Tlre,rr a pat-{lcla ,*odf in


-#.# c-rrc-^ ls{p^th, t+ iA aLu)sxale,9l buuwl{
tDrq- Ca4kE t1 cirr.rtlar n.ufi"
tx) so ff* &rca Must- 5s ath^8 tarmrdS +Xv-_ gu\+e
!ffin€- Cant-"i
ItY .|o Uar"rlrr',tS U h* + r\Lsl-;on, W Pq,f1.'Lle- *"uty in Circrrtq rPa't+"
brtA (oru- a"Lhnfr evtryy {-"rl +i,!- Ca^W
nQaCHVe e*+L&- c-rnulay f>"++l ^

De+ine SJ IYLL hqrmsn;c fnoh.on ;


I sirnph- M/rrnonic.yolion is a fenr{ oAr"c yryro H 6fr p,f o
'+S9l\'cr(G.)E{v+,on iS a-tw'o'tJs
forhrb
tnu"r.rd-l kxe,} pc-,int
;*)I+9); J.;rt Ctlr* pvBpofiona,l rc d,isronq" {"nrt'Piuj
Nl.r- rV tz
@x-fi-na- 4qsrrc
vl fp&4"
-rhr_ Fope,ftg, ry +i^-e- bu4y ko \€fain l+{ orr&4 xtwyZ ag#,r
wz'nenm,l E aq*t*,y fuy.L iA cqllpJ dau t' bodg.
W Rv;.fu)f,/ fr^-gs "

rha- ?wPr{+L} et *+,!- bo& de*b ypn^altn i.ts artVnal glro{'u %+"{
lorooval t dry*-,rmi ry #t* ia cr^[eJ gio.lh"c- body.
*U; e-La#, hlq.7L
tuthaF ls sW-g-S ?

tdy&- arhn7 pgy Unit


Tl^-a- aYEe- ia knol^lraa-l S4neg.
slrerE =- W
a:ka.gis e|6ainJ
thq- .ratto * \, A;rnq.flsion to tt^a- oiyns! )umens;or is bljr;efruin
=WS,f,ar'n cqry4 i:n -qtir ergoq-
= oxTtn^l d)amo'ngoo
)volat aR- il"2 *ures twry.4 e! s@ns
ti) Iinqaf s*xa-in (tl) aulk shr-in t","i)sxqri^d Sl"-nn
?
t^the,n fl.a nnqrimunn uoulua
w{\ rfdn i.B ofgna.l ,*f"ry :a{.,*shexa is rrarnowJ, +t.s^
,*Jla) d^;.'-!^',;L
+Rs_ b".tJ

gjh+e W..qels ,{*rl


t"l:t& ?1 +fu e).gsric L^
-i t
Strpr\ae sfuzl n

TLo- w-fro * +f,a-*Je.ttud sfua.in fury.q bnoo* sfrrdn is c"lbl polson!


f = Lotqr^{ sh"d n l'/fr'o '

l^noqt' stn"ci n
, h-ary
z[o Yat.'o n is *_[tel rr,od,rlur uf .eLer+i"ry.
rud*)urE elourdU =
ffi:
(+) ELqsrc ma*rri"{s u,snl in 6p.rs,hruch.on *+ t{&' "l/injs a"d piltqr.
tD ela*Wc rnoq{.jdal^ UJad in 'vedq6q*t{-e- vib.rah.on p+ r,e*- Vah;c.l-q_ .
UNl'r-v {t
ory-a:-=-*.-,,., *Bw
{1 mot".{9r-*"r .3
{*ro{
u"-1+, T foouta-)
o.nz{fiJ
vJ oj a SuAs)uqr@ i* ,sllC l^ee
I i".utt
,,
PVt ii ryqqt u* v,or)*.+r..e-?
fefn pa"{a*ure_ i^ffi
rnLrvra.n b .rrtl,ra
co\d ne.Yr\ 4 a S"6S f"r(c" - "t trwfnt-% ^A
,-iL r.,r/ut W tt/rn W^.a.fure_ $ Eelvin(f)
ti)cdtsius[c) (ir)Fa]ronheitftz)
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+. re- 1

, , A,.D Krlri^tK)
@t!k uTq @ cordr,ctovsl
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haaL uw
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quciklJ
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ry\wcury
o
'rh!. rnalr*""ru{--b","8 CaA^6L c^r/urf- tRo hlst W0 qu r,*il1
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;1.: I
1ki[offim ^n1@,n;
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n

7U1'ttanHW %- t'\-** rq*i*qJ 1" I^,r*"s" 6a- 49{nntr/rate$e- +


t tctofimn el /,-1*rd ffi*Wh 1 palvin

r".-,rcou@
t

Drh"@ w1,;rd t"


r*,lrilt,
a mo\e- *
W .tff*"A4 1 uotvin,wW +* w\qrne is F"ft crrite^t
fr+dl4- fi.'c+ {qru V floxrno{4arr\c8
UY : Z.ncxQ.qlY ir, lni<xnal <AwXj + Fy*{erl*l- .l^rorK
6L = 4E -r\ni
@st*+{- Koh,in s\,4{eirr1an4 '

ffilat .Kc- by caohn, bo!* b lowen


Ka^rrPe4^{*^ira-
++LL f""iu#rryU- ^
% t+€^*- %fuouS.
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kEff: f,Rapipl@+urJ
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I gt^+e BWIA ta,a-
4t c,ols t it .[t fe^"*q \tt +i"a-f1€zgqre- *
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