CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet, or "the cloud". It
allows users to access computing resources on-demand, such as storage, processing power,
databases, and software, without needing to purchase and maintain their own physical
infrastructure.

The main types of cloud computing are:

1) Public cloud: Sells services to anyone on the internet
2) Private cloud: A proprietary network or data center that provides hosted services to a limited
number of people
3) Hybrid cloud: A mixed computing environment that allows data and resources to be shared
between public and private clouds
Each type of cloud computing has different levels of security, accessibility, costs, and other
factors. The type of cloud computing that best aligns with your business interests is important
for the success of your cloud operations.

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PUBLIC CLOUD

Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the Internet using the pay-per-usage
method.

In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
The CSP looks after the supporting infrastructure and ensures that the resources are accessible to and
scalable for the users.

Due to its open architecture, anyone with an internet connection may use the public cloud, regardless of
location or company size. Users can use the CSP's numerous services, store their data, and run apps. By
using a pay-per-usage strategy, customers can be assured that they will only be charged for the
resources they actually use, which is a smart financial choice.

Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud Enterprise, Microsoft,
Google App Engine, Windows Azure Services Platform.
Characteristics of Public Cloud

The public cloud has the following key characteristics:

•Accessibility: Public cloud services are available to anyone with an internet connection. Users
can access their data and programs at any time and from anywhere.
•Shared Infrastructure: Several users share the infrastructure in public cloud settings. Cost
reductions and effective resource use are made possible by this.
•Scalability: By using the public cloud, users can easily adjust the resources they need based on
their requirements, allowing for quick scaling up or down.
•Pay-per-Usage: When using the public cloud, payment is based on usage, so users only pay
for the resources they actually use. This helps optimize costs and eliminates the need for upfront
investments.
•Managed by Service Providers: Cloud service providers manage and maintain public cloud
infrastructure. They handle hardware maintenance, software updates, and security tasks,
relieving users of these responsibilities.
•Reliability and Redundancy: Public cloud providers ensure high reliability by implementing
redundant systems and multiple data centers. By doing this, the probability of losing data and
experiencing service disruptions is reduced.
•Security Measures: Public cloud providers implement robust security measures to protect user
data. These include encryption, access controls, and regular security audits.

Advantages of Public Cloud

There are the following advantages of Public Cloud -

•Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
•Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need to worry about the
maintenance.
•Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility approach to consumers.
•Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered through the internet.
•Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources.
•It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number of users.
•Rapid deployment of services and applications.
•Reduced time and effort in hardware procurement and setup.
•The cloud provider offers a range of services and resources that you can avail of.
•Built-in redundancy and resilience for enhanced reliability.

Disadvantages of Public Cloud

Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.

 •Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network link to the cloud provider.
•The data is not under the control of the client.
•Dependency on the cloud service provider for availability and service level agreements.
•Compliance challenges in meeting industry-specific regulations and standards.
•Risk of vendor lock-in and limited portability of applications and data.
•Concerns about data privacy and confidentiality.
•Potential for unexpected costs with usage-based pricing models.
•Lack of customization options and flexibility compared to private or hybrid cloud
environments.
•Reliance to the cloud provider's support and responsiveness for issue resolution.
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Private Cloud
Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. It is used by organizations to
build and manage their own data centers internally or by the third party. It can be deployed using
Opensource tools such as Openstack and Eucalyptus.

Examples: VMware vSphere, OpenStack, Microsoft Azure Stack, Oracle Cloud at Customer, and IBM
Cloud Private.
Based on the location and management, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) divide
private cloud into the following two parts-
➔On-premise private cloud: An on-premise private cloud is situated within the physical
infrastructure of the organization. It involves setting up and running a specific data center that
offers cloud services just for internal usage by the company. The infrastructure is still
completely under the hands of the organization, which gives them the freedom to modify and
set it up in any way they see fit. Organizations can successfully manage security and
compliance issues with this degree of control. However, on-premise private cloud setup and
management necessitate significant hardware, software, and IT knowledge expenditures.
➔ Outsourced private cloud: An outsourced private cloud involves partnering with a third-
party service provider to host and manage the cloud infrastructure on behalf of the organization.
The provider may operate the private cloud in their data center or a colocation facility. In this
arrangement, the organization benefits from the expertise and resources of the service provider,
alleviating the burden of infrastructure management. The outsourced private cloud model offers
scalability, as the provider can adjust resources based on the organization's needs. Due to its
flexibility, it is a desirable choice for businesses that desire the advantages of a private cloud
deployment without the initial capital outlay and ongoing maintenance expenses involved with
an on-premise implementation.
Compared to public cloud options, both on-premise and external private clouds give businesses more control
over their data, apps, and security. Private clouds are particularly suitable for organizations with strict
compliance requirements, sensitive data, or specialized workloads that demand high levels of customization
and security.

Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud. we can say:
Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud

Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on the public cloud can be
accessed by anyone, while the services which are running on a private cloud can be accessed only by
the organization's users. In a hybrid cloud setup, organizations can leverage the benefits of both public
and private clouds to create a flexible and scalable computing environment. The public cloud portion
allows using cloud services provided by third-party providers, accessible over the Internet.

Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google Drive), Office 365 (MS Office
on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web Services.

Characteristics of Hybrid Cloud

•Integration of Public and Private Clouds: Hybrid cloud seamlessly integrates public and
private clouds, allowing organizations to leverage both advantages. It provides a unified
platform where workloads and data can be deployed and managed across both environments.
•Flexibility and Scalability: Hybrid cloud offers resource allocation and scalability flexibility.
Organizations can dynamically scale their infrastructure by utilizing additional resources from
the public cloud while maintaining control over critical workloads on the private cloud.
•Enhanced Security and Control: Hybrid cloud allows organizations to maintain higher
security and control over their sensitive data and critical applications. Private cloud components
provide a secure and dedicated environment, while public cloud resources can be used for non-
sensitive tasks, ensuring a balanced approach to data protection.
•Cost Optimization: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to optimize costs by utilizing the cost-
effective public cloud for non-sensitive workloads while keeping mission-critical applications
and data on the more cost-efficient private cloud. This approach allows for efficient resource
allocation and cost management.
•Data and Application Portability: Organizations can move workloads and data between
public and private clouds as needed with a hybrid cloud. This portability offers agility and the
ability to adapt to changing business requirements, ensuring optimal performance and
responsiveness.
•Compliance and Regulatory Compliance: Hybrid cloud helps organizations address
compliance and regulatory requirements more effectively. Sensitive data and applications can be
kept within the private cloud, ensuring compliance with industry-specific regulations while
leveraging the public cloud for other non-sensitive operations.
•Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity: Hybrid cloud facilitates robust disaster recovery
and business continuity strategies. Organizations can replicate critical data and applications
between the private and public clouds, ensuring redundancy and minimizing the risk of data loss
or service disruptions.
Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
There are the following advantages of Hybrid Cloud -
•Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require more security than the public cloud.
•Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and services more quickly.
•Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
•Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources
because of the private cloud.
•Hybrid facilitates seamless integration between on-premises infrastructure and cloud
environments.
•Hybrid provides greater control over sensitive data and compliance requirements.
•Hybrid enables efficient workload distribution based on specific needs and performance
requirements.
•Hybrid offers cost optimization by allowing organizations to choose the most suitable cloud
platform for different workloads.
•Hybrid enhances business continuity and disaster recovery capabilities with private and public
cloud resources.
•Hybrid supports hybrid cloud architecture, allowing applications and data to be deployed
across multiple cloud environments based on their unique requirements.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud

✔ In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as good as the private cloud.
✔ Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to manage more than one type of
deployment model.
✔ In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers.
✔ Potential challenges in data integration and ensuring seamless connectivity between different
cloud platforms.
✔ Higher costs due to the need for managing and integrating multiple cloud environments.
✔ Increased complexity in data governance and compliance management across different cloud
providers.
✔ Dependency on stable and high-bandwidth internet connections for efficient hybrid cloud
operations.
✔ Potential compatibility issues between various cloud platforms and applications.
✔ Risk of vendor lock-in and limited portability of applications and data across different cloud
providers.
✔ Requires skilled IT staff with expertise in managing hybrid cloud environments.

Community Cloud
Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several organizations to
share the information between the organization and a specific community. It is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of them.
In a community cloud setup, the participating organizations, which can be from the same industry,
government sector, or any other community, collaborate to establish a shared cloud infrastructure. This
infrastructure allows them to access shared services, applications, and data relevant to their community.

Example: Health Care community cloud

Characteristics of Community Cloud
➢ Shared Infrastructure: Community cloud provides a shared infrastructure accessible to a
specific community of organizations. The participating organizations can leverage this common
cloud infrastructure to meet their shared computing needs and objectives.
➢ Community-specific Services: The community cloud provides resources, apps, and services
adapted to the participating organizations' demands. These services are created to meet the
community's specific requirements and difficulties while promoting effective communication
and information exchange.
➢ Community Ownership and Management: The community cloud is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations from the community, a third party, or a combination of
both. The involved organizations have a say in the governance and decision-making procedures
to ensure that the cloud infrastructure meets their shared objectives.
➢ Enhanced Security and Compliance: Community cloud emphasizes security and compliance
measures relevant to the specific community. It allows for implementing robust security
controls, access management, and compliance frameworks that meet the community's
regulatory requirements and industry standards.
➢ Cost Sharing and Efficiency: Participating organizations in a community cloud benefit from
cost sharing. By sharing the infrastructure and resources, the costs associated with establishing
 and maintaining the cloud environment are distributed among the community members. This
leads to cost efficiency and reduced financial burden for individual organizations.
➢ Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing: The community cloud encourages communication
and information exchange amongst participating businesses. It gives community members a
forum for project collaboration, information sharing, and resource exploitation. This encourages
creativity, education, and effectiveness within the neighborhood.
➢ Scalability and Flexibility: Community cloud enables organizations to scale up or reduce their
resources in response to demand. This allows the community to adjust to shifting computing
requirements and efficiently use cloud resources as needed.

Advantages of Community Cloud

There are the following advantages of Community Cloud -
 Community cloud is cost-effective because the whole cloud is being shared by several
organizations or communities.
 Community cloud is suitable for organizations that want to have a collaborative cloud with
more security features than the public cloud.
 It provides better security than the public cloud.
 It provdes collaborative and distributive environment.
 Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and other capabilities
among various organizations.
 Offers customization options to meet the unique needs and requirements of the community.
 Simplifies compliance with industry-specific regulations and standards through shared security
measures.
 Promotes efficient resource utilization, reducing wastage, and optimizing performance within
the community.
 Enables organizations to leverage shared expertise and experiences, leading to improved
decision-making and problem-solving.

Disadvantages of Community Cloud

 Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.
 Security features are not as good as the private cloud.
 It is not suitable if there is no collaboration.
 The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all
community members.
 Challenges in ensuring consistent performance and availability when
multiple organizations share the same resources.
 Limited scalability options as the shared resources determine the
community cloud's capacity.
 Potential conflicts of interest among community members regarding resource allocation and
usage.
 Transparent governance and agreement frameworks are required to address potential
disputes and ensure fair resource distribution.
 Inadequate technical support and service level agreements (SLAs) compared to private or public
cloud options.
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MULTI CLOUD

Multi-cloud is a strategy in cloud computing where companies utilize more than one cloud service provider or
platform to meet their computing needs. It involves distributing workloads, applications, and statistics
throughout numerous cloud environments consisting of public, private, and hybrid clouds.
Adopting a multi-cloud approach allows businesses to have the ability to select and leverage the most
appropriate cloud services from different providers based on their specific necessities. This allows them to
harness each provider's distinctive capabilities and services, mitigating the risk of relying solely on one vendor
while benefiting from competitive pricing models. '
Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Characteristics of Multi-cloud
•Multiple Cloud Providers: The key characteristic of multi-cloud is the utilization of multiple
cloud service providers. Organizations can leverage the offerings of different providers, such as
Amazon web services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and others, to
access a huge range of services and capabilities.
•Diversification and Risk Reduction: Thanks to multi-cloud, organizations may distribute
workloads, apps, and data across several cloud environments. This diversification decreases the
danger of vendor lock-in, and the effects of any service interruptions or outages from a single
cloud provider are lessened.
Flexibility and Vendor Independence: Businesses using multi-cloud can choose the finest
cloud services from various providers per their requirements. This approach enables companies to
leverage each provider's unique benefits and avoids needing to depend solely on a single supplier for
all their cloud computing requirements.
•Optimisation of Services and Costs: Organisations may optimize their services and costs by
using a multi-cloud strategy and choosing the most affordable and appropriate cloud provider
for each workload or application. They can use specialized services from many sources to meet
certain demands, taking advantage of competitive pricing structures.
•Enhanced Reliability and Performance: Multi-cloud enhances reliability and performance
by utilizing multiple cloud environments. By utilizing the infrastructure and resources of
various providers, organizations can achieve high availability, scalability, and enhanced
performance for their applications and services
competitive pricing structures.
•Enhanced Reliability and Performance: Multi-cloud enhances reliability and performance
by utilizing multiple cloud environments. By utilizing the infrastructure and resources of
various providers, organizations can achieve high availability, scalability, and enhanced
performance for their applications and services
•Data Sovereignty and Compliance: Multi-cloud allows organizations to address data
sovereignty and compliance requirements by choosing cloud providers with data centers in
specific regions or jurisdictions. It provides flexibility in managing data residency and
regulatory compliance obligations.
•Interoperability and Integration: Multi-cloud necessitates interoperability and integration
between different cloud platforms. Organizations must ensure seamless data exchange,
application compatibility, and integration of services across the various cloud environments they
utilize.

Advantages of Multi-Cloud:
There are the following advantages of multi-Cloud -
 •It allows organizations to choose the most suitable cloud services from different providers
based on their specific requirements.
•Distributing workloads and data across multiple cloud environments enhances reliability and
ensures resilience in case of service disruptions or downtime.
•By utilizing its providers, organizations can avoid dependency on a single vendor and mitigate
the risks associated with vendor lock-in.
•Organizations can optimize services and costs by selecting the most cost-effective and suitable
cloud provider for each workload or application.
•Leveraging the infrastructure and resources of different cloud providers allows organizations to
achieve high availability, scalability, and improved performance.
It enables organizations to select cloud providers with data centers in specific regions, addressing
data sovereignty and compliance requirements.
•Access to specialized services and capabilities from different providers promotes innovation
and allows organizations to leverage the best-in-class offerings in the market.
•Distributing workloads across multiple clouds reduces the risk of data loss or service
disruptions, providing enhanced disaster recovery capabilities.

Disadvantages of Multi-Cloud:
•Increased complexity in managing multiple cloud environments.
•Potential for higher costs due to multiple subscriptions and data transfer fees.
Challenges in ensuring data governance and compliance across multiple clouds.
•Integration difficulties and compatibility issues between different cloud providers.
•Potential for increased management overhead and resource requirements.
•Risk of vendor dependencies and interoperability challenges.