Version 7.4.

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar

Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid
On Grid System-Ground Mounted
System power: 1357 kWp
Al Bayān - Saudi Arabia

Engr. Muhammad Rashid

Signature

___________________
 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Al Bayān Latitude 24.86 °N Albedo 0.20
Saudi Arabia Longitude 46.85 °E
Altitude 584 m
Time zone UTC+3

Weather data
Al Bayān
Meteonorm 8.0 (1998-2002), Sat=34% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System On Grid System-Ground Mounted

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed plane Linear shadings : Fast (table) Unlimited load (grid)
Tilt/Azimuth 24 / 0 °

System information
PV Array Inverters
Nb. of modules 2340 units Nb. of units 6 units
Pnom total 1357 kWp Pnom total 1050 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.293

Results summary
Produced Energy 2586583 kWh/year Specific production 1906 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 77.56 %
Apparent energy 2586583 kVAh/year

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
Variant notes 3
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 4
Horizon definition 7
Near shading definition - Iso-shadings diagram 8
Main results 9
Loss diagram 10
Predef. graphs 11
Module layout 17
P50 - P90 evaluation 20
Single-line diagram 21
Cost of the system 22
CO₂ Emission Balance 23

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 2/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Variant notes

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 3/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

General parameters
Grid-Connected System On Grid System-Ground Mounted

PV Field Orientation
Orientation Sheds configuration Models used
Fixed plane Nb. of sheds 90 units Transposition Perez
Tilt/Azimuth 24 / 0 ° Sizes Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Sheds spacing 9.00 m Circumsolar separate
Collector width 4.95 m
Ground Cov. Ratio (GCR) 55.0 %
Top inactive band 0.02 m
Bottom inactive band 0.02 m
Shading limit angle
Limit profile angle 24.4 °

Horizon Near Shadings User's needs

Average Height 2.3 ° Linear shadings : Fast (table) Unlimited load (grid)

Grid injection point

Power factor
Cos(phi) (lagging) 1.000

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer JA solar Manufacturer Huawei Technologies
Model JAM78-S30-580-MR Model SUN2000-185KTL-H1
(Original PVsyst database) (Original PVsyst database)
Unit Nom. Power 580 Wp Unit Nom. Power 175 kWac
Number of PV modules 2340 units Number of inverters 6 units
Nominal (STC) 1357 kWp Total power 1050 kWac

Array #1 - INV-1
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

Array #2 - INV-2
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

Array #3 - INV-3
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 4/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

PV Array Characteristics
Array #4 - INV-4
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

Array #5 - INV-5
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

Array #6 - INV-6
Number of PV modules 390 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 226 kWp Total power 175 kWac
Modules 15 string x 26 In series
At operating cond. (50°C) Operating voltage 550-1500 V
Pmpp 206 kWp Max. power (=>30°C) 185 kWac
U mpp 1042 V Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.29
I mpp 198 A Power sharing within this inverter

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 1357 kWp Total power 1050 kWac
Total 2340 modules Max. power 1110 kWac
Module area 6541 m² Number of inverters 6 units
Pnom ratio 1.29

Array losses
Array Soiling Losses Thermal Loss factor DC wiring losses
Loss Fraction 3.0 % Module temperature according to irradiance Global array res. 87 mΩ
Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Global wiring resistance 15 mΩ
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC

Serie Diode Loss LID - Light Induced Degradation Module Quality Loss
Voltage drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 2.0 % Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC

Module mismatch losses Strings Mismatch loss

Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP Loss Fraction 0.1 %

IAM loss factor

Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel smooth glass, n = 1.526

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.998 0.981 0.948 0.862 0.776 0.636 0.403 0.000

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 5/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Array losses
Spectral correction
FirstSolar model
Precipitable water estimated from relative humidity

Coefficient Set C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Monocrystalline Si 0.85914 -0.02088 -0.0058853 0.12029 0.026814 -0.001781

AC wiring losses
Inv. output line up to injection point
Inverter voltage 800 Vac tri
Loss Fraction 0.03 % at STC
Inverter: SUN2000-185KTL-H1
Wire section (6 Inv.) Copper 6 x 3 x 70 mm²
Average wires length 4m

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 6/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Horizon definition
Horizon line at Al Bayān

Average Height 2.3 ° Albedo Factor 0.85

Diffuse Factor 0.98 Albedo Fraction 100 %

Horizon profile

Azimuth [°] -120 -40 40 120

Height [°] 1.0 2.0 4.0 1.0

Sun Paths (Height / Azimuth diagram)

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 7/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Near shadings parameter

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

Iso-shadings diagram
Orientation #1

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 8/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy 2586583 kWh/year Specific production 1906 kWh/kWp/year
Apparent energy 2586583 kVAh/year Perf. Ratio PR 77.56 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh ratio
January 146.8 26.12 14.05 204.1 187.3 232113 228699 0.825
February 152.0 50.40 17.15 187.6 172.7 209497 206307 0.810
March 191.8 63.75 22.10 215.0 197.4 234520 230819 0.791
April 210.4 77.42 26.99 214.3 195.2 227634 223958 0.770
May 215.5 89.24 33.48 203.4 184.2 209770 206286 0.747
June 227.5 91.94 35.70 208.3 188.5 212888 209258 0.740
July 232.1 83.53 37.33 214.9 194.8 218135 214375 0.735
August 209.8 86.80 37.22 206.9 188.1 211199 207648 0.740
September 191.2 63.42 33.31 206.3 188.3 214520 210945 0.753
October 179.1 42.42 28.55 216.8 199.5 231519 227740 0.774
November 140.5 35.99 20.36 187.1 171.8 208903 205675 0.810
December 135.3 27.33 15.58 192.5 175.9 218121 214874 0.822
Year 2232.2 738.37 26.87 2457.2 2243.6 2628819 2586583 0.776

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_Grid Energy injected into grid
T_Amb Ambient Temperature PR Performance Ratio
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 9/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Loss diagram
2232 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation
+10.1% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.4% Far Shadings / Horizon

-3.5% Near Shadings: irradiance loss

-2.0% IAM factor on global

-3.0% Soiling loss factor

2244 kWh/m² * 6541 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 20.75% PV conversion

3045649 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.3% PV loss due to irradiance level

-8.5% PV loss due to temperature

-0.9% Spectral correction

+0.7% Module quality loss

-2.0% LID - Light induced degradation

-2.0% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-1.2% Ohmic wiring loss

2630358 kWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-1.6% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
-0.1% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.0% Night consumption
2587101 kWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

0.0% AC ohmic loss

2586583 kWh Active Energy injected into grid

0 kVARh Reactive energy to the grid: Aver. cos(phi) = 1.000

2586583 kVAh Apparent energy to the grid

21/10/24 PVsyst Licensed to Page 10/23

 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
Reference Incident Energy in Collector Plane

Normalized Production and Loss Factors

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
Incident Irradiation Distribution

Incident Irradiation cumulative distribution

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
Array Temperature vs. Effective Irradiance

Daily Input/Output diagram

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
Daily System Output Energy

Array Power Distribution

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
System Output Power Distribution

System Output Power cumulative distribution

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Predef. graphs
Array Voltage Distribution

Array Temperature Distribution during running

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Module layout

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Module layout

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Module layout

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

P50 - P90 evaluation

Weather data Simulation and parameters uncertainties
Source Meteonorm 8.0 (1998-2002), Sat=34% PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Kind TMY, multi-year Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Year-to-year variability(Variance) 0.0 % Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Specified Deviation Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Climate change 0.0 %

Global variability (weather data + system) Annual production probability

Variability (Quadratic sum) 1.8 % Variability 47 MWh
P50 2587 MWh
P90 2527 MWh

Probability distribution

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PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7
 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units SAR SAR
Total 0.00
Depreciable asset 0.00

Operating costs

Item Total
SAR/year
Total (OPEX) 0.00

System summary
Total installation cost 0.00 SAR
Operating costs 0.00 SAR/year
Produced Energy 2587 MWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 0.0000 SAR/kWh

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 Project: 1357 KW-Shahen Solar
Variant: By Engr. Muhammad Rashid

PVsyst V7.4.7
VC0, Simulation date:
21/10/24 11:17
with V7.4.7

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 47581.8 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 2443.42 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below
Replaced Emissions
Total: 57654.9 tCO₂
System production: 2586.58 MWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 743 gCO₂/kWh
Source: IEA List
Country: Saudi Arabia
Lifetime: 30 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 1357 kWp 2324504
Supports 4.96 kgCO2/kg 23400 kg 115966
Inverters 491 kgCO2/units 6.00 units 2946

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