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Worksheet Name: Chem Ch 4 Standard: 10TH Subject: SCIENCE

Instructions
1. TKA CHEM CH 4 10 CBSE.

Q1. Write the names of the following

compound.
H H
∣ ∣
H−C−C−C≡C−H
∣ ∣
H H

Ans:
Butyne.
Q2. The heteroatoms present in CH3 ​− CH2 ​− O − CH2 ​− CH2 Cl are:
1. Oxygen.
2. Carbon.
3. Hydrogen.
4. Chlorine.
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1 and 4

Ans: D 1 and 4
Explanation: Oxygen and chlorine are not among essential components of hydrocarbons.
Q3. The first member of alkyne homologous series is:
A. Ethyne. B. Ethene. C. Propyne. D. Methane.

Ans: A Ethyne.
Explanation: Alkyne is an organic compound with triple covalent bond between two carbon atoms therefore first
member of homologous series must have atleast two carbon atoms with one triple bond that is ethyne (CH = CH).

Q4. Which of the following represents saponification reaction?

​ ​
​
A. CH3 COOHNa + NaOH
CaO ​
CH4 ​+ Na2 ​CO3 ​ B. 2CH3 ​COOH + C2 ​H5 ​OH H2 SO4 ​
CH3 ​COOC2 ​H5 ​+ H2 ​O
C. 2CH3COOH + 2Na → 2CH3COONa + H2 D. CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa +
C2H5OH

Ans: D CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH

Explanation:
Saponification reaction is reaction of ester with base like NaOH to form the parent alcohol and sodium salt of
carboxylic acid.
Q5. Write the formula and draw electron dot structure of carbon
tetrachloride.

Ans:
Carbon tetrachloride: CCl4.

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Q6. Identify and name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
H H O
∣ ∣ ∣∣
H − C − C − C − OH
∣ ∣
H H

Ans:
Propanoic acid O
∣∣
(−C − OH)
Q7. A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has:

A. Only single bonds. B. Only double bonds.

C. Only triple bonds. D. Two double bonds and one single bond.

Ans: A Only single bonds.

Explanation:
Ammonia is a covalent molecule in which center nitrogen atom is bonded with three hydrogen atoms through
single covalent bond.
Q8. Write the names of the following
compound.
H H H H H H H
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C−C−C−C−C=O
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H H H H H H

Ans:
Heptanal.
Q9. Write the names of the following
compound.
H H H H H
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H − C − C − C − C − C − OH
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H H H H H

Ans:
Pentanol.
Q10. Pentane has the molecular formula C5H12. It has:

A. 5 covalent bonds. B. 12 covalent bonds.

C. 16 covalent bonds. D. 17 covalent bonds.

Ans: C 16 covalent bonds.

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Explanation:
Pentane contains four C - C bonds and twelve C - H covalent bonds.

???????
Q11. The correct structural formula of butanoic
acid is:

Ans: undefinedundefined
Explanation: Formula of butanoic acid is C3H7COOH.

Q12. Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds? These:
1. Are good conductors of electricity.
2. Are poor conductors of electricity.
3. Have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
4. Do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 4 D. 2 and 4

Ans: D 2 and 4
Explanation: Organic compound are made of covalent bonds. These bonds have weaker forces of attraction.
Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
Q13. Name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
CH3CH2OH

Ans:
Alcohol.
Q14. Identify and name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
H H H H
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C=C−H
∣ ∣
H H

Ans:
But-1-ene (> C = C <)
Q15. Structural formula of benzene is:​​
A. B.

C. D.

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Ans: C

Explanation:
Benzene is simplest aromatic compound with six carbon atoms and six H atoms. There are three alternate pi
bonds in ring of carbon atoms.
Q16. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
​ − CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH3 ​
1. H3 C
2. H3 ​C − C ≡ C − CH3 ​
3. H3 C​ − CH − CH3 ​
∣
CH3 ​
4. H3 C − C = CH2 ​
​
∣
CH3 ​
A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4

Ans: C 2 and 4
Explanation:
These compounds show double and triple bonds. Hence they are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Q17. Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because:
1. Mineral acids are completely ionised.
2. Carboxylic acids are completely ionised.
3. Mineral acids are partially ionised.
4. Carboxylic acids are partially ionised.
A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 3 and 4

Ans: A 1 and 4
Explanation:
Mineral acids like HCl are completely ionized in solvent like water whereas carboxylic acids such as CH3COOH
are only partially ionized.
Q18. Name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO

Ans:
Aldehyde.
Q19. In the soap micelles:
A. The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the B. Ionic end of soap is in the interior of the
cluster while the carbon chain is in the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the
interior of the cluster. cluster.
C. Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the D. Both ionic end and carbon chain are on the
interior of the cluster. exterior of the cluster.

Ans: A The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster.

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Q20. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of:
A. Carbon monoxide only. B. Carbon monoxide in traces and carbon
dioxide.
C. Carbon dioxide only. D. Coal.

Ans: B Carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide.

Explanation:
Both CO and CO2 gases are present in traces in the atmosphere.

Q21. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following:

1. Propane.
2. Propene.
3. Propyne.
4. Chloropropane.
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 4 C. 3 and 4 D. 2 and 3

Ans: D 2 and 3
Explanation:
Both propene and propyne are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Q22. Identify and name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
H H H
∣ ∣ ∣
H − C − C − C − OH
∣ ∣ ∣
H H H

Ans:
Propan-1-ol (-OH)
Q23. The soap molecule has a:
A. Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. B. Hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.
C. Hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail. D. Hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail.

Ans: A Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Explanation:
Oil and grease is trapped inside a micelle because of hydrophobic tail. Hydrophilic head makes the outer surface
of micelle. Thus, a micelle is easily washed by water.
Q24. Vinegar is a solution of:
A. 50% – 60% acetic acid in alcohol. B. 5% – 8% acetic acid in alcohol.
C. 5% – 8% acetic acid in water. D. 50% – 60% acetic acid in water.

Ans: C 5% – 8% acetic acid in water.

Explanation:
Vinegar is a 5% - 8% aqueous solution of acetic acid.
Q25. Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the:
A. Absence of sunlight. B. Presence of sunlight.
C. Presence of water. D. Presence of hydrochloric acid.

Ans: B Presence of sunlight.

Explanation:
These reactions are called photochemical reactions.

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Q26. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g.
hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of:
A. Helium. B. Neon. C. Argon. D. Krypton.

Ans: B Neon.
Explanation:
The compound formed is methane (CH4). In this, carbon atom has a complete octet and configuration of neon
which is a noble gas element.
Q27. The name of the compound CH3 ​− CH2 ​− CHO is:
A. Propanal. B. Propanone. C. Ethanol. D. Ethanal.

Ans: A Propanal.
Explanation: Compound contains three carbon atoms so prop-would be root word and – CHO functional group so
suffix will be – al. Hence name would be propane + al = propanal.
Q28. In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses
or dots.
a. The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration.
b. Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.

Ans:
a. Atomic number of chlorine atom is 17. Hence the electronic configuration of Cl (17) would be;
KLM
2 8 7
b. Chlorine molecule is formed by formation of single covalent bond between two chlorine atoms. The electron dot
structure of chlorine molecule is:

Q29. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical
reaction?
Conc. H2 ​SO4 ​ ​
CH3 ​COOH + CH3 ​CH2 ​OH CH3 ​COOC2 ​H5 ​+ H2 ​O

Ans:
Catalyst.
Q30. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical
reaction?
​ 2 OH
​ Alk. KMnO4 ​ ​
CH3 CH CH3 ​COOH
Heat
Ans:
Oxidizing agent.

Q31. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?​​

A. H3 ​C − CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​ B. H3 ​C − CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH3 ​
∣
CH3 ​
C. CH3 ​ D.
∣
H2 C − H2 ​C − H2 ​C − CH2 ​
​
∣
CH3 ​

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Ans: D

Explanation:
A branched chain hydrocarbon must contain some side chains which are bonded with parent carbon chain.
Q32. Which of the following is the correct representation of electron dot structure of nitrogen?​​
A. B.

C. D.

Ans: D
Explanation:
In this structure, each nitrogen atom gets 8 electrons. This is not in the case of other options.
Q33. Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of:
A. Phosphorus. B. Sulphur. C. Carbon. D. Tin.

Ans: C Carbon.
Explanation:
Buckminsterfullerene is an allotrope of carbon with 60 carbon atoms which are joined together in a spherical
shape.

Q34. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical
reaction?

Ans:
Catalyst.

Q35. Write the names of the following

compound.
H H H H O
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣∣
H − C − C − C − C − C − OH
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H H H H

Ans:
Pentanoic acid.

Q36. In which of the following compounds, -OH is the functional group?

A. Butanone. B. Butanol. C. Butanoic acid. D. Butanal.

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Ans: B Butanol.
Explanation:
-OH is the functional group in butanol which is an alcohol.
Q37. Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are:
A. Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen. B. Sodium ethanoate and oxygen.
C. Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen. D. Sodium ethoxide and oxygen.

Ans: C Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.

Explanation:
2C2 ​H5 ​OH + 2Na → 2C2 ​H5 ​ONa + H2 ​
Sod.ethoxide???????
Q38. The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is:​​
A. B.

C. D.

Ans: C

Explanation:
This dot structure shows a complete octet after oxygen shared two electrons with two univalent atoms of
hydrogen.
Q39. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an
example of:
A. Addition reaction. B. Substitution reaction.
C. Displacement reaction. D. Oxidation reaction.

Ans: A Addition reaction.

Explanation: It is hydrogenation reaction means addition of hydrogen to double bonds of unsaturated compounds
found in oil.
Heat
CH3 ​COOH2 ​CH3 ​ + NaOH ​CH3 ​COONa + CH3 ​CH2 ​OH
(Sapon ification)
Ethyl ethanoate Sodium Sodium Ethanol
hydroxide ethanoate

Q40. Identify and name the functional groups present in the following
compound.
H H O H H
∣ ∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C−C−C−H
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
H H H H

Ans:
Pentane-3-one O
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 ∣∣
(−C−)
Q41. Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series?
A. CH4 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D. C4H8

Ans: D C4H8
Explanation:
Successive members of same homologous series are differ by - CH2 unit. CH4, C2H6, C3H8 belong to same
series that is of alkane and differ by - CH2 unit but C4H8 does not belong to this.

Q42. Name the functional groups present in the following

compound.
CH3CH2CH2COOH

Ans:
Carboxylic acid.
Q43. Structural formula of ethyne is:
A. H − C ≡ C − H B. H3 ​− C ≡ C − H
C. D.

Ans: A H − C ≡ C − H
Explanation:
General formula for alkyne is CnH2n-2. There must be at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. With two
carbon atom, the possible structure would be H − C ≡ C − H.

Q44. Name the functional groups present in the following

compound.
CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH3

Ans:
Ketone.
​
Q45. CH3 ​CH2 ​OH Alkaline KMnO4 ​CH3 ​COOH
Heat
In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as:

A. Reducing agent. B. Oxidising agent.

C. Catalyst. D. Dehydrating agent.

Ans: B Oxidising agent.

Explanation:
Alkaline KMnO4 is also known as Baeyer’s reagent. It acts as an oxidizing agent.

Q46.Q. No. 17 to 20 are Assertion — Reasoning based questions.

These consists of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
Assertion (A): Melting point and boiling point of ethanol are lower than that of sodium chloride.
Reason (R): The forces of attraction between the molecules of ionic compounds are very strong.
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
(A). of (A).
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 C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Ans: A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Q47.Assertion (A): Carbon has a strong tendency to either lose or gain electrons to attain noble gas
configuration.
Reason (R): Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and has the tendency to share electrons
with carbon or other elements.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
explanation of the assertion (A). correct explanation of the assertion (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false. D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: D (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:
Carbon has four electron in its valence shell orbital. So, it can neither accept nor gain four electron. One way to
complete octet is by sharing of electrons. So, carbon forms covalent bond to complete its octet.

Q48.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason: lt has one free valence electron.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Q49.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Diamond and graphite do not have the same crystal structure.
Reason: Diamond is crystalline while graphite is amorphous.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: C A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
In diamond, C-atoms are sp3 hybridized while in graphite, they are sp2 hybridized. Diamond and graphite both
are crystalline forms of carbon.
Q50.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Carbon possesses property of catenation.
Reason: Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during catenation.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Catenation property of carbon is primarily due to its small size, electronic configuration and unique strength of
carbon-carbon bonds.
Q51.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in nature.
Reason (R): Carbon monoxide is formed by complete combustion of carbon.
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 A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: C A is true but R is false.

Q52.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.
Reason (R): In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to atleast one hydrogen atom.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Q53.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): It has no free electrons.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q54.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.
Reason: All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Q55.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.
Reason: In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to atleast one hydrogen atom.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q56.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): It has one free valence electron.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q57.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:

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 Assertion: Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.
Reason: Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Q58.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1
Reason (R): There is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in their molecules.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: D A is false but R is true.

Q59.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous series.
Reason (R): A homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: D A is false but R is true.

Q60.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.
Reason (R): They are highly inflammable and have high calorific value.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q61.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Diamond and graphite do not have the same crystal structure.
Reason (R): Diamond is crystalline while graphite is amorphous.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: C A is true but R is false.

Q62.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when water is hard.
Reason (R): Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

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Q63.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): In a candle, wax vapours burn in sufficient supply of oxygen, which leads to blue flame.
Reason (R): When the oxygen supply is sufficient, then fuels burn completely producing a blue flame.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q64.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.
Reason (R): Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Q65.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Cooking oil decolourises bromine water.
Reason (R): Cooking oil is a saturated compound.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Q66.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.
Reason: Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q67.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Carbon is the only element that can form large number of compounds.
Reason (R): Carbon is tetravalent and shows the property of catenation.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: D A is false but R is true.

Q68.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Reason (R): Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same physical
state. These forms are called allotropes.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
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 C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is rue.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q69.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.
Reason (R): Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q70.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): If the first member of a homologous series is methanal, its third member will be
propanal.
Reason (R): All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical properties.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Q71.For question two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion: Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.
Reason: They are highly inflammable and have high calorific value.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of the assertion. correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false. D. A is false, but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Q72.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Two members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties.
Reason (R): Propane and butane are members of same homologous series.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Q73.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): n-butane and iso-butane are examples of isomers.
Reason (R): Isomerism is possible only with hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon atoms.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Q74.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.

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 Reason (R): All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q75.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity.
Reason (R): They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q76.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and ring structures.
Reason (R): Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q77.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always four.
Reason (R): All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: C A is true but R is false.

Q78.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Carbon possesses property of catenation.
Reason (R): Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during catenation.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Q79.Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding

statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.

Ans: C A is true but R is false.

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Q80. Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form compounds with many
elements.
Write an example of a compound formed with,
a. Chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)
b. Oxgygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)

Ans:
a. The compound is carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
b. The compound is carbon dioxide (CO2)

Q81. What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this

process.

Ans:
When ester treated with an alkali, the reaction gives ethanol and sodium ethanoate. This reaction is called
saponification reaction because this reaction forms the basis of preparation of soap. This can be given by following
equation.
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH

Q82. Explain the given reaction with the

example:
Combustion reaction.

Ans:
When a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, the reaction is called combustion. Following is an example of
combustion reaction.
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + heat and light

Q83. Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited
by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.

Ans:
Both carbon and silicon show the ability of catenation. But compounds made by silicon are reactive and less stable.
On the other hand, bonds formed by carbon are very strong and hence organic compounds are more stable than
silicon compounds. It can be said that carbon shows better catenation ability than silicon.
Q84. A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the balanced
chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Ans:
When ethanol reacts with sodium, then hydrogen gas is evolved. This reaction can be given by following equation:
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2ONa + H2

Q85. Explain the given reaction with the

example:
Hydrogenation reaction.

Ans:
Addition of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon is called hydrogenation
reaction. Hydrogenation is used for converting unsaturated vegetable oil into fat. This can be shown by following
equation:
Ni
R2 ​C = CR2 ​+ H2 ​ ​R2 ​C − CR2 ​
∣ ∣
H H
Q86. Explain the given reaction with the
example:
Oxidation reaction.
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Ans:
When oxygen is added to alcohol to make carboxylic acid, this is called oxidation reaction. Following is an example
of oxidation of alcohol.
alk KMnO4 ​/α idified K2 ​Cr2 ​O7 ​ ​
CH3 ​CH2 ​CH2 ​OH CH3 ​CH2 ​COOH

Q87. Explain the given reaction with the

example:
Saponification reaction.

Ans:
When ester is treated with an alkali, the reaction gives ethanol and sodium ethanoate. This reaction is called
saponification reaction because this reaction forms the basis of preparation of soap. This can be given by following
equation.
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH

Q88. Explain the given reaction with the

example:
Substitution reaction.

Ans:
Saturated hydrocarbons are fairly unreactive. But in the presence of sunlight, chlorine substitutes hydrogen one by
one.
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl (in the presence of sunlight)
This substitution can go on till, carbon tetrachloride is obtained.
Q89. Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural
formula.

Ans:
Ethyne is a hydrocarbon with molecular formula C2H2. Here two carbon atoms are bonded together by a triple
covalent bond and one hydrogen atom is bonded with each carbon atom through a single covalent bond. Hence the
electron dot structure of ethyne molecule can be representes as:

Structural formula of ethyne is: H ─ C ≡ C ─ H.

Q90. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C-atoms and show addition
reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.

Ans:
Distinction between ethane and ethene can be done with the help of bromine water test. Whereas ethene
dicolourises the yellow colour of bromine water, ethane does not.

Q91. Ethene is formed when ethanol at 443K is heated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid. What is
the role of sulphuric acid in this reaction? Write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction.

Ans:
Conversion of ethanol to ethene is a dehydration reaction which occurs in the presence of excess of concentrated
sulphuric acid. Here concentrated sulphuric acid acts as dehydrating agent and remove water molecule from ethanol
to form ethene.
​ ​
​ 2 ​OH Conc. H2 SO4 ,443K ​CH2 ​= CH2 ​+ H2 ​O
CH3 CH
Dehydration
Hence concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent as it removes water molecule.

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Q92. Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal.
Comment.

Ans:
When methanol is entered in our body, it is metabolized in the liver and form formaldehyde which further converted
to formate. Formate is essential for survival because it acts as building block for many biomolecules but high levels
of it can cause toxicity.
Formaldehyde also reacts with living cells and can cause coagulation of protoplasm. Excess of methanol in our body
also affects the optic nerve and can cause blindness.
Q93. How is ethene prepared from ethanol? Give the reaction involved
in it.

Ans:
From ethanol: This method involves the slow oxidation of a dilute solution of ethanol (10-15 per cent) by oxygen
present in air in the presence of an enzyme acetobactor.
Acetobactor ​
CH3 ​CH2 ​OH + O2 ​ CH3 ​COOH + H2 ​O
Ethanol (Air) Ethanoic acid
(as vinegar)
The acid obtained is in the form of dilute solution called vinegar.
We have also studied under ethanol that it gets oxidized to ethanoic acid in the presence of dilute solution of
alkaline KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7.

Q94. Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of

hexane.

Ans:
a. CH3 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH3 ​
Hexane
b. CH3 ​
∣
CH3 ​− CH − CH2 ​− CH2 ​− CH3 ​
2 − Methylpentane
c. CH3 ​
∣
CH3 − CH2 − CH − CH2 ​− CH3 ​
​ ​
3 − Methylpentane
d. CH3 ​ CH3 ​
∣ ∣
CH3 ​− CH − CH − CH3 ​
2, 3 dimethylbutane
e. CH3 ​
∣
CH3 − C − CH2 ​− CH3 ​
​
∣
CH3 ​
2, 2 dimethylbutane
Q95. What are hydrocarbons? Give
examples.

Ans: Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms as their constituents.
These may be alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
Alkane: H
∣
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 H−C−H
∣
H
Methane H H
∣ ∣
H−C−C−H
∣ ∣
H H
Ethane H H H
∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C−H
∣ ∣ ∣
H H H
Propane
Alkyl group: H
∣
H−C− ∣
H
Methyl group H H
∣ ∣
H−C−C− ∣ ∣
H H
Ethyl group H H H
∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C− ∣ ∣ ∣
H H H
Propyl group
The structures of compounds belonging to a few families are:
H
∣
H − C − Cl
∣
H H H
∣ ∣
H − C − C − OH
∣ ∣
H H H H H
∣ ∣ ∣
H − C − C − C − NH2 ​
∣ ∣ ∣
H H H
Q96. What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional
groups.

Ans:
For the definition of functional group and example,
Functional Group Family Representation
−OH Alcohols R−O−H
O O
∣∣ Aldehydes ∣∣
−C−H R−C−H
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 O O
∣∣ Ketones ∣∣
− C− R−C−R
O O
∣∣ Carboxylic acids ∣∣
− C − OH R − C − OH
−N − H
∣ Amines R − NH2 ​
H
−O− Ethers R−O−R
−X (halogen) Haloalkanes R−X
−NO2 ​ Nitroalkanes R − NO2 ​

Q97. Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two
examples, each.

Ans:
Saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes contain either C—C or C—H bonds in their molecules. These are represented by
the general formula CnH2n + 2 For example,
H H
∣ ∣
H−C−C−H
∣ ∣
H H
Ethane H H H
∣ ∣ ∣
H−C−C−C−H
∣ ∣ ∣
H H H
Propane
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain either atleast one >C = C< bond or triple —C ≡ C— bond in their molecules.
These may be either alkenes or alkynes in nature. The general formula of alkenes is CnH2n while that of alkynes is
CnH2n - 2 for example,
H H
∣ ∣
H−C=C−H
Ethene H
∣
H−C−C=C−H
∣ ∣ ∣
H H H
Propene H − C ≡ C − H
Ethyne H
∣
H−C−C≡C−H
∣
H
Propyne
Q98. Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oils to fats. Explain the
reaction involved in detail.

Ans:
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The reaction that is used to convert vegetable oil to fat is called as hydrogenation reaction. Vegetable oils contain
unsaturated hydrocarbons which can exhibit addition reaction with hydrogen to form saturated hydrocarbons or fats.
The reaction occurs in the presence of metal catalyst like finely divided nickel or palladium at 200°C and forms
saturated vegetable fats.
The hydrogenation reaction is an industrial method for the manufacturing of vanaspati ghee from vegetable oil.
Ni,473K ​
Vegetable oil + H2 ​ Vanaspati ghee

Here, R is any alkyl group which usually contains a large number of carbon atoms in vegetable oils.
Q99. Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in
column (B).

Column (A) Column (B)

​ ​ H+ ​
CH3 OH + CH3 COOH CH3 ​COOCH3 ​+
a. i. Addition reaction
H2 ​O
Ni ​
b. CH2 ​= CH2 ​+ H2 ​ CH3 ​− CH3 ​ ii. Substitution reaction
Sunlight Neutralisation
c. CH4 ​+ Cl2 ​ ​CH3 ​Cl + HCl iii.
reaction
d. CH3 ​COOH + NaOH ​CH3 ​COONa + H2 ​O iv.Esterification reaction

Ans:
The matching of Column A and Column B is as given,
Column (A) Column (B)
​ ​ H+ ​
a. CH3 OH + CH3 COOH CH3 ​COOCH3 ​+ H2 ​O iv. Esterification reaction
Ni
b. CH2 ​= CH2 ​+ H2 ​CH3 ​− CH3 ​ i. Addition reaction
Sunlight ​
c. CH4 ​+ Cl2 ​ CH3 ​Cl + HCl ii. Substitution reaction
d. CH3 ​COOH + NaOH ​CH3 ​COONa + H2 ​O iii. Neutralisation reaction

Q100. Look at Figure and answer the following questions:

a. What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in
tube B?
b. Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively.
c. If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same
change?
d. How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?

Ans:
a. Calcium hydroxide solution in the test tube B becomes milky.
b. Reaction in test tube A:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
Reaction in test tube B:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
c. Ethanol does not react with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Hence, same change cannot be observed.

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 d. For this, take distilled water in a beaker and mix calcium carbonate powder in it. After stirring thoroughly, wait
till the mixture settles. Decant the clear liquid from the beaker. This liquid is lime water.
Q101. Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C3H6O and also give their
electron dot structures.

Ans:
Five isomers possible for the molecular formula C3H6O are listed below.
Name of isomer
Sr. No. Electron dot structure
(Structural formula)

Propanal
1.
(CH3CH2CHO)

Propanone
2.
(CH3COCH3)

Prop-1-ene-1-ol
3.
(CH3CH=CH-OH)

Prop-2-en-1-ol
4.
(CH2=CHCH2-OH)

Methoxyethene
5.
(CH2=CH-OCH3)

Q102. How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction
involved.
a. Ethanol to ethene.
b. Propanol to propanoic acid. Write the reactions.

Ans:
a. From ethanol: This method involves the slow oxidation of a dilute solution of ethanol (10-15 per cent) by oxygen
present in air in the presence of an enzyme acetobactor.
​ 2 ​OH + O2 ​ Acetobactor ​CH3 ​COOH + H2 ​O
CH3 CH
Ethanol (Air) Ethanoic acid
(as vinegar)
The acid obtained is in the form of dilute solution called vinegar.
We have also studied under ethanol that it gets oxidised to ethanoic acid in the presence of dilute solution of
alkaline KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7.
b. From methanol: These days ethanoic acid is manufactured by the reaction between methanol and carbon
monoxide in the presence of iodine-rhodium (I2—Rh) catalyst mixture.
I2 ​−Rh Catalyst ​
CH3 ​OH + CO CH3 ​COOH
Methanol Ethanoic acid​

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Q103. Esters are When ester treated with an alkali, the reaction gives ethanol and sodium ethanoate. This
reaction is called saponification reaction because this reaction forms the basis of preparation of soap.
This can be given by following equation.

Ans:
Esters as pointed, are pleasant smelling compounds. These are therefore, commonly used as flavouring agents and
also in perfumes. When an ester is reacted with water in the presence of a dilute acid like dilute HCl, acid and
alcohol are formed as the product. The reaction is called ester hydrolysis.
H+ ​
CH3 ​COOC2 ​H5 ​(aq) + H2 ​O(l) CH3 ​COOH(aq) + C2 ​H5 ​OH(aq)
Ethylethanoate
Ester hydrolysis is the reverse of esterification reaction.
When an ester is reacted with an aqueous solution of base like NaOH or KOH, the product is an alcohol and salt of
the acid. For example,
CH3 ​COOC2 ​H5 ​(aq) + NaOH(aq) ​CH3 ​COONa (aq) + C2 ​H5 ​OH(aq)
Ethyl ethanoate Sod. ethanoate (salt.)
​
CH3 COOC 2 ​H5 ​(aq) + KOH(aq) ​CH3 COOK(aq)
​ ​ 5 OH(aq)
+ C2 H ​
Ethylethanoate Pot. ethanoate (salt)
The reaction is known as saponification reaction because it is the basis for the formation of soap.
Q104. A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to
prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write chemical equation of the
reaction involved.

Ans:
Ethanoic (CH3COOH) acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) to form sodium ethanoate
(CH3COONa), water and carbon dioxide gas. Hence salt X is sodium ethanoate and the gas evolved is CO2. The
chemical equation of the reaction involved is:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Activity for observing the gas evolved in above reaction:

Set up the apparatus and take sodium hydrogen carbonate in test tube. Add ethanoic acid to it and observe brisk
effervescence of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Now pass this gas through freshly prepared lime water (Ca(OH)2). It will
turn milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Ca(OH)2 ​+ CO2 ​ ​CaCO3 ​+ H2 ​O
(Milky)
Q105. A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C2H4O2 and an alcohol in presence of a
few drops of H2SO4. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives the
same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of:
a. Carboxylic acid.
b. Alcohol.
c. The compound X. Also, write the reaction.

Ans:
a. Carboxylic acid with molecular formula C2H4O2 is acetic acid or ethanoic acid having the structure as:

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 b. Given alcohol forms acetic acid on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification. Therefore, it must be
ethanol with structure CH3 ─ CH2 ─ OH.
Alkaline KMnO4 ​ ​
CH3 ​CH2 ​OH CH3 ​COOH
Acidification
c. Reaction of ethanoic acid with ethanol in presence of a few drops of conc. H2SO4 is an esterification reaction
that forms an ester, ethyl ethanoate (CH3COOC2H5).
​ ​ 5 OH
​ Conc. H2 ​SO4 ​ ​
CH3 COOH + C2 H CH3 ​COOC2 ​H5 ​+ H2 ​O
Q106. Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps?
Explain.

Ans:
A substance capable of removing grease and dirt from any fabric or body is called detergent. The detergents are of
two types Le. soapy and non-soapy detergents. The soapy detergents are soaps whereas the non-soapy detergents
are synthetic detergents or simply detergents. Although both are cleansing agents, they differ in chemical
composition. In the present chapter, we shall briefly discuss the composition and cleansing action of soaps and
synthetic detergents.
Soaps are the sodium and potassium salts of long chain fatty acids with general formula RCOONa or RCOOK. The
acids present have the formula RCOOH where R may have following values.
C15H31COOH C17H33COOH C17H35COOH
Palmitic acid Oleic acid Stearic acid
(R = C15H31) (R = C17H33) (R = C17H35)
These fatty acids exist as triesters of glycerol which is a trihydric alcohol. The triesters are also called triglycerides
or simply glycerides and are the constituents of edible oils and fats. These are of animal and vegetable origin e.g.
castor oil, linseed oil or soyabean oil. Chemically the triglycerides are formed as a result of esterification reaction.

Q107. An organic compound A on heating with concentrated H2SO4 forms a compound B which on addition
of one mole of hydrogen in presence of Ni forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on
combustion forms two moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. Identify the compounds A, B and C and write
the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

Ans:Since one mole of compound C on combustion forms two moles of CO2 and three moles of H2O the compound
C is a hydrocarbon with formula C2H6. It is ethane. The compound B which forms C2H6 upon addition of
hydrogen is ethene (C2H4). The organic compound A which forms ethene upon acidic dehydration is ethanol.
The chemical equations for the reactions involved are:
H2 ​SO4 ​ ​ H2 ​Ni ​
C2 ​H5 ​OH CH2 ​= CH2 ​ CH3 ​− CH3 ​
heat heat
Ethanol (A) Ethene (B) Ethane (C)
​ ​ ​ (Combustion) ​
C2 H6 + 3O2 2CO2 ​+ 3H2 ​O
(C)

Q108. A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na-metal to form a compound R and evolves
a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in presence of an

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 acid forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula, C3H6O2). On addition of NaOH to C, it
also gives R and water. S on treatment with NaOH solution gives back R and A.
Identify C, R, A, S and write down the reactions involved.

Ans:Compound C with molecular formula C2H4O2 contains two oxygen atoms so it can be either ester or carboxylic
acid.
Since it reacts with sodium metal to form compound R and evolves a gas which burns with pop sound, therefore
it should be a carboxylic acid which forms sodium alkanoate and hydrogen gas with sodium metal.
2CH3 ​COOH + 2Na ​2CH3 ​COONa + H2 ​↑
The gas which burns with pop sound is hydrogen gas.
Reaction of ethanoic acid with alcohol in the presence of an acid (Conc. H2SO4) forms sweet smelling ester. So
compound S that is formed due to reaction of ethanoic acid and methanol (A) is methyl ethanoate with
molecular formula C3H6O2 and structural formula CH3COOCH3.
​ ​ Conc. H2 ​So4 ​ ​
CH3 COOH + CH3 OH CH3 ​COOCH3 ​+ H2 ​O
Hence compound C = Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), R = Sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa), A = Methanol (CH3OH)
and S = Methyl merhanoate (CH3COOCH3)

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