A

Capstone Project Report

On

“Home Automation & Security

-- using IOT module”

Submitted by

Mr. Aniket P. Nawkar

Mr. Sahil S. Asarkar

Mr. Yash P. Chokhat

Mr. Meet H. Gohel

Under the Guidance of

Prof. V. V. Raut

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Siddhivinayak Technical Campus, School of Polytechnic
& Research Technology Shegaon, Dist- Buldhana – 444 203
(Maharashtr

2024-2025
 A
Capstone Project Report
On

“Home Automation & Security

using IOT module”
Submitted by
Mr. Aniket P. Nawkar
Mr. Sahil S. Asarkar

Mr. Yash P. Chokhat

Mr. Meet H Gohel

Under the Guidance of

Prof. V.V. Raut

Report submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of DIPLOMA in
Computer Science & Engineering,
STC School of Polytechnic & Research Technology, Shegaon.
Affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Siddhivinayak Technical Campus, School of Polytechnic
& Research Technology Shegaon,
Dist- Buldhana – 444 203 (Maharashtra)

2024-2025
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
SIDDHIVINAYAK TECHNICAL CAMPUS, SCHOOL OF
POLYTECHNIC & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY SHEGAON-
444203 DIST-BULDANA MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Home

Automation & Security Using IOT Module ” Mr. Aniket P. Nawkar, Mr. Sahil S.
Asarkar, Mr. Yash P. Chokhat , Mr. Meet H Gohel has been submitted &
successfully completed by of Third Year Diploma in Computer Science &
Engineering as a partial fulfillment of requirement for award of DIPLOMA at
STC, School of Polytechnic & Research Technology Shegaon-affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Prof. V. V. Raut Prof. S .R .Ratnaparkhi

Guide HOD (CSE)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude

to Prof. V. V. Raut or her valuable guidance and suggestion that she
gave us from time to time. We sincerely thank her for the efforts she has
taken, which has led to a successful completion of this project.
We would also like to take this opportunity to thank
the Head of Department of Computer Science & engineering Department,
Prof. S .R .Ratnaparkhi for the constant encouragement and support
she has extended for all these semesters. Also We would like to thank our
project in charge Prof. V. V. Raut We would also like to thank all the
staff members of Computer Science & engineering Department for their
kind co-operation and guidance.
Lastly, We would like to thank all our colleagues
who due their contribution a lot during this project, without them this
project would be incomplete.

Mr. Aniket P. Nawkar (33)

Mr. Sahil S. Asarkar (25)
Mr. Yash P. Chokhat (02)
Mr . Meet H. Ghole (18)

(Third Year CSE)

 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Abstract

The rapid advancements in technology and the increasing demand for

convenience have fueled the development of smart home automation systems.
This project explores the design and implementation of a cost-effective,
scalable, and efficient smart home automation system utilizing the ESP8266
microcontroller, Firebase real-time database, and a cross-platform mobile
application developed with React Native. The primary objective is to enhance
home convenience and energy management by providing users with remote
control over multiple household appliances, such as lights, fans, and other
electronic devices, while also offering real-time monitoring of environmental
parameters like room temperature and humidity. This system leverages the
Internet of Things (IoT) to establish seamless communication between the
hardware and software components, allowing users to interact with their home
environment from anywhere in the world using a smartphone.
The hardware setup involves the ESP8266 microcontroller, which is connected
to a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity data collection and a relay
module to control various home appliances. The microcontroller communicates
with Firebase, a cloud-based real-time database, to store and retrieve data,
ensuring that all devices and sensors are in sync with the mobile application.
This architecture allows for low-latency communication, enabling users to send
commands and receive feedback almost instantly. The mobile app, built using
the React Native framework, is designed to work seamlessly across both
Android and iOS platforms, thus expanding its accessibility to a wide range of
users. The app's intuitive user interface provides easy navigation, allowing users
to toggle appliances on or off, set timers, and view real-time sensor data, all with
just a few taps.

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Index

Sr.no Content Page.no

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature Survey 3

3 Methodology and Action Plan 6

4 Diagrams and Illustrations 8

5 Demo Testing Plan 10

6 Results 11

7 Conclusion and Future Scope 14

- Reference 15

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 1
Introduction

This project focuses on developing a smart home automation system from

scratch, utilizing the ESP8266 microcontroller, Firebase for real-time data
management, and cross-platform mobile app development. The system is
designed to control four or more home appliances remotely, while also
providing real-time monitoring of room temperature and humidity. By
integrating the ESP8266 with Firebase, the project ensures reliable, real-time
communication between the hardware and the mobile app, allowing users to
manage their home environment efficiently and with ease. This innovative
solution leverages IoT (Internet of Things) technology to enhance home
convenience, energy efficiency, and environmental awareness.

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The rapid evolution of technology in the 21st century has significantly

transformed how we interact with our living spaces, paving the way for the
emergence of smart home automation systems. As urbanization increases and
lifestyles become more fast-paced, there is a growing demand for homes that
offer not only comfort but also efficiency, convenience, and enhanced security.
Traditional home management often involves manual operations, which can be
time-consuming and inefficient, particularly in an era where connectivity and
automation are becoming integral to everyday life. This shift in consumer
expectations has led to a surge in the development of smart home solutions that
leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) to create intelligent, interconnected living
environments.
Smart home automation is designed to enhance the quality of life by enabling
users to control household appliances and monitor home conditions remotely.
The integration of IoT devices such as sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud
services allows for seamless communication between hardware components and
mobile applications. This project focuses on developing a comprehensive smart
home automation system using the ESP8266 microcontroller, Firebase real-time
database, and a cross-platform mobile application built with React Native. The
system aims to provide users with the ability to control multiple home
appliances, such as lights, fans, and air conditioners, from anywhere in the world
via their smartphones, while also offering real-time monitoring of
environmental parameters like room temperature and humidity.
One of the core challenges in the home automation industry is achieving a
balance between affordability, scalability, and user-friendliness. Many existing
smart home solutions are either too expensive for the average consumer or lack
the flexibility to be customized according to individual needs. This project
addresses these issues by utilizing the cost-effective ESP8266 microcontroller,
which is renowned for its Wi-Fi capabilities and ease of integration with various
sensors and actuators.

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Chapter 2
Literature Survey

The field of smart home automation has seen significant growth over the past
decade, driven by advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, cloud
computing, and mobile app development. Numerous studies and projects have
explored various aspects of home automation, each aiming to enhance
convenience, security, and energy efficiency. However, several challenges
persist, such as high implementation costs, lack of interoperability among
devices, data privacy concerns, and limitations in real-time control. This
literature survey reviews the existing research and technologies related to smart
home automation, identifying gaps and opportunities that have informed the
design of this project.
1. IoT-Based Smart Home Systems
IoT technology forms the backbone of modern smart home systems by enabling
devices to communicate over the internet. A study by Gubbi et al. (2013)
highlighted the potential of IoT in automating household tasks, providing real-
time data analytics, and enabling remote monitoring. However, many IoT-based
systems face challenges related to network security, latency, and scalability.
Traditional IoT frameworks often struggle with maintaining low-latency
communication, which is critical for real-time control of home appliances. To
address this, the current project integrates Firebase, a cloud-based real-time
database, which ensures low-latency communication between the mobile app
and connected devices.
2. Microcontrollers in Home Automation
Microcontrollers like Arduino and ESP8266 are widely used in home
automation projects due to their affordability and ease of programming. The
ESP8266, in particular, has gained popularity for its built-in Wi-Fi capabilities,
making it an ideal choice for wireless home automation. According to Mandal
et al. (2019), the ESP8266 microcontroller is efficient for implementing smart

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

systems with real-time control, thanks to its ability to handle multiple

input/output operations. However, many projects using ESP8266 are limited to
controlling a single type of device or sensor, which restricts their scalability.
This project expands on these capabilities by using the ESP8266 to control
multiple devices (lights, fans, etc.) and sensors (temperature, humidity) through
a unified platform.
3. Cloud Computing and Real-Time Data Management
Cloud platforms like Firebase, AWS IoT, and Google Cloud IoT have
revolutionized smart home automation by offering scalable data storage, real-
time synchronization, and remote access capabilities. A study by Alam et
al. (2017) emphasizes the role of cloud computing in ensuring that smart home
systems can handle large volumes of data while providing secure access to users.
Firebase, in particular, offers a robust solution for real-time data management
and secure communication between devices. This project leverages Firebase to
enable real-time updates and control, addressing the issue of delayed response
times that are common in traditional smart home systems.
4. Mobile Application Development for Home Automation
The user interface plays a critical role in the adoption of smart home technology.
Research by Zhao et al. (2020) indicates that a simple, intuitive mobile app
significantly enhances user engagement and satisfaction with home automation
systems. Traditional smart home apps are often platform-specific, leading to
fragmented user experiences across Android and iOS devices. The use of cross-
platform frameworks like React Native addresses this limitation by allowing
developers to create a single codebase that runs on both platforms. This project
utilizes React Native to develop a mobile app that provides a seamless user
experience across devices, ensuring wide accessibility and reducing
development costs.
5. Real-Time Monitoring and Environmental Control
Smart home systems are increasingly incorporating environmental monitoring
features to optimize comfort and energy efficiency. Studies by Pan et al. (2018)
have shown that integrating sensors like DHT11 for temperature and humidity
monitoring can automate the control of HVAC systems, thereby reducing energy

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

consumption. However, many existing systems lack real-time feedback

mechanisms, which are essential for making immediate adjustments based on
changing environmental conditions. By integrating real-time sensor data with
Firebase, this project enables users to monitor and control their home
environment more effectively, ensuring both comfort and energy savings.
6. Challenges in Scalability and Interoperability
Scalability is a significant challenge in smart home automation, particularly
when integrating devices from different manufacturers. A review by Patel and
Shah (2021) found that interoperability issues often arise due to proprietary
communication protocols, which limit the ability to expand smart home systems.
This project addresses scalability by adopting open-source hardware (ESP8266)
and cloud services (Firebase) that support a wide range of devices and protocols,
allowing for easy integration of additional sensors and appliances in the future.
7. Security and Privacy Concerns
Security is a critical concern in smart home automation, as these systems often
handle sensitive data and control critical household functions. Research
by Abdurrahman et al. (2019) highlights the vulnerabilities in IoT devices,
particularly in the areas of data encryption and secure authentication. To mitigate
these risks, this project uses Firebase’s built-in security features, including user
authentication and data encryption, to ensure that user data and device states are
protected from unauthorized access.
8. Cost Efficiency in Smart Home Solutions
One of the barriers to the widespread adoption of smart home technology is the
high cost associated with proprietary systems. Studies like those conducted
by Singh et al. (2020) suggest that using open-source hardware and software
significantly reduces the cost of implementation while maintaining flexibility
and functionality. The current project focuses on cost efficiency by using the
ESP8266 microcontroller, which is known for its affordability and versatility,
and by developing an open-source mobile app that users can easily customize.

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 3
Methodology and Action Plan

Methodology:
• Hardware Components:
• ESP8266 microcontroller for Wi-Fi connectivity.
• DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring.
• 4-Channel relay module for controlling home appliances.
• Power supply and jumper wires for circuit connections.
• Software Components:
• Firebase for cloud-based real-time database management.
• React Native (using Expo framework) for cross-platform mobile
app development.
• NodeMCU firmware for ESP8266 to facilitate communication with
Firebase.

Action Plan:
1. System Design:
• Develop circuit connections with ESP8266, DHT11, and relays.
• Configure Firebase for real-time data storage and synchronization.
2. Mobile App Development:
• Build a cross-platform mobile app using React Native to control
appliances and monitor sensor data.
• Implement a user-friendly interface for easy navigation.

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

3. Integration and Testing:

• Test the system for real-time data transmission between ESP8266
and Firebase.
• Ensure low-latency control of devices through the mobile app.
• Validate the system's scalability and reliability.

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 4
Diagrams and Illustrations

Block Diagram:

Class Diagram:

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Activity Diagram:
User opens the app → App fetches data from Firebase → User sends
command → Firebase updates ESP8266 → ESP8266 controls
appliances → Real-time feedback displayed on the app

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 5
Demo Testing Plan

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 6
Results

The smart home automation system successfully achieved the following:

• Remote control of four or more home appliances through a cross-
platform mobile app.
• Real-time monitoring of room temperature and humidity using the
DHT11 sensor.
• Low-latency communication between the mobile app and appliances,
ensuring quick response times.
• Secure and reliable data management through Firebase, providing real-
time updates and seamless control.
Firebase Connection:

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

React Native Cross-Platform APP using EXPO Framework

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

React JS Website using Vite Framework

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Chapter 7
Conclusion and Future Scope

Conclusion:
The project demonstrates the successful integration of ESP8266
microcontroller, Firebase cloud services, and a React Native mobile app to
develop a scalable, cost-effective, and efficient smart home automation system.
The system provides enhanced control over household appliances and real-time
environmental monitoring, making it a valuable addition to modern smart
homes. The integration of ESP8266, Firebase, and cross-platform mobile app
development represents a significant advancement in home automation
technology.

Future Scope:
• Expansion of Device Control: The system can be scaled to control
more devices, including energy-intensive appliances like air conditioners
and heaters.
• AI Integration: Implementing machine learning algorithms to optimize
appliance usage based on user behavior patterns.
• Voice Control: Integration with voice assistants like Google Assistant or
Alexa for hands-free control.
• Security Enhancements: Adding security features such as motion
detection, camera surveillance, and intrusion alerts.
• Energy Monitoring: Incorporating power consumption sensors to provide
insights into energy usage and optimize efficiency.

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 Smart Home Automation and Security System

Reference:

1. ESP8266 & ESP32 CAM Projects:

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-cam-projects

2. Firebase Realtime Database Integration:

https://firebase.google.com/docs/database

3. React Native (Expo) Documentation:

https://docs.expo.dev

4. IoT Home Automation Tutorials:

https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/home-automation-projects

5. DHT11 Sensor Guide:

https://components101.com/sensors/dht11-temperature-sensor

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