ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

Questions
Q1.

A student carries out an experiment to investigate the effect of different concentrations of a food dye on
diffusion.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term diffusion.

(1)
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(b) The student adds a different concentration of coloured food dye to each of five wells in an agar plate.
The diagram shows the agar plate at the beginning of the experiment and after 24 hours.

The student does the experiment using three plates.

For each plate he measures the diameter of each circle to see how far the food dye has diffused.
The table shows his results.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(i) Calculate the average diameter for 0.2% concentration of food dye.
(2)

average diameter = ........................................................... cm

(ii) Describe the effect of food dye concentration on diffusion.
(2)
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(iii) Explain the relationship between food dye concentration and diffusion.
(2)
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(c) State two variables that the student should control in this experiment to ensure that the results are
valid.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Q2.

A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion by

amylase. He carries out the first trial of his investigation at a room temperature
of 20°C.

He carries out the following steps in his investigation

1 He puts one drop of iodine suspension into each of 12 wells on a spotting tile.
2 He then takes up 10 cm3 of 10% starch suspension into a syringe.
3 He adds one drop of the starch suspension from the syringe to the first well
in the spotting tile and records the colour change.
4 He rinses the outside of the syringe with water from a tap.
5 He then takes up exactly 5 cm3 of 5% amylase suspension into the same
syringe containing the 10% starch suspension.
6 He starts a stopwatch.
7 He then rocks the syringe containing the mixture gently backwards and
forwards for one minute.
8 He adds one drop of the mixture from the syringe to the next well in the
spotting tile and records the colour change.
9 He repeats this at intervals of one minute until he has added starch and
amylase mixture to all of the wells.
10 He then repeats steps 1–9 but this time he uses iodine, amylase and starch
suspension that have been stored in a water bath at 40°C.
11 He also keeps the syringe containing the mixture in the water bath at 40°C
between drops.
The photograph shows his results for 20°C at the end of the experiment when all the
wells have mixture added.

(a) (i) Give one safety precaution the student should take when carrying out this
investigation.
(1)
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(ii) How many minutes do the samples of mixture added to the spotting tile in
the photograph represent?
(1)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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(b) Explain the purpose of the following steps in the student's experiment.
(i) step 4
(1)
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(ii) step 7
(1)
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(iii) step 11
(1)
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(c) (i) Identify two variables that the student controls in his experiment.
(2)
1 .............................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Name the independent variable that the student is investigating.
(1)
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(d) Using the photograph, explain how many minutes it took for the reaction to be
completed at 20°C.
(3)
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(e) The results for the spotting tile at 40°C would be different from the trial carried
out at 20°C.
(i) Describe how the appearance of the results will be different.
(2)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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(ii) Explain the difference in the appearance of the results.

(2)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q3.

A chicken egg is a single cell protected by a shell on the outside.

A student puts three chicken eggs into dilute acid and leaves them for three days.

The acid dissolves the egg shells, leaving the contents of the eggs surrounded by the cell membrane.

The diagram shows the student's method.

The student removes the eggs from the dilute acid and uses water to wash the surface acid away.

The student then uses the eggs for this osmosis experiment.

• he measures the mass of each egg

• he then puts one egg into a beaker containing distilled water
• he puts another egg into a beaker containing 5% salt solution
• he puts a third egg into a beaker containing 15% salt solution
• after 15 minutes he removes each egg from its beaker and measures its mass again

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(a) The bar graph shows the results obtained by the student from the osmosis experiment.

(i) Name the dependent variable in this experiment.

(1)
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(ii) Explain the result for the egg placed in distilled water.
(2)
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(b) The student calculates the percentage change in mass for the eggs placed in
distilled water and in 5% salt solution.
(i) Use the data from graph 1 to calculate the percentage change in mass for the egg placed in 15%
salt solution. Show your working.
(2)

Percentage change in mass = ............................. %

(ii) The student plots the percentage change in mass on graph 2.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Complete the bar graph to show the percentage change in mass for the egg placed in 15% salt
solution.
(1)

(c) Give one way in which osmosis differs from diffusion.

(1)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q4.

Biological washing powder contains enzymes to remove stains from clothes.

Describe an investigation to find the temperature at which biological washing powder is most effective at
removing stains.

Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.
(6)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q5.

(a) The diagram shows a piece of apparatus called a calorimeter.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

The calorimeter is used to investigate the energy content of one gram of glucose.
The glucose burns in the calorimeter and the energy released heats the water.

(i) Suggest why oxygen gas is passed into the calorimeter.

(1)

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(ii) Suggest why the waste gas pipe is coiled.

(2)

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(iii) Suggest why stirring the water will improve the data collected.
(1)

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(b) The calorimeter contains 200 g of water. The graph shows the rise in temperature of the water in
the calorimeter during the investigation.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(i) Use the graph to find out the increase in the temperature of the water during the investigation.
(1)

.........................................................................................................................................°C

(ii) Use the formula to calculate the energy content of the 1 g of glucose.

(1)

........................................................... J

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q6.

(a) The table shows some of the levels of organisation within an organism.
Complete the table by inserting a tick ( ) to show the level of organisation of each example. The first
one has been done for you.
(4)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(b) Place the following human structures in order of size from the smallest to the largest.

(2)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q7.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
The diagram shows the alimentary canal of a rabbit with some parts labelled.

(a) The table lists descriptions of some parts of the alimentary canal.
Complete the table by giving the correct part from the diagram to match each description.
One has been done for you.
(3)

(b) Explain how the liver helps digestion in the alimentary canal.
(3)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
(c) Rabbits eat grass.
The diagram shows the cell wall of a leaf cell from a grass plant.
Complete the diagram by drawing and labelling other structures in this leaf cell.
(3)

(d) Grass cell walls are made of cellulose.

Rabbits cannot digest cellulose.
Bacteria living in the large intestine of rabbits can digest cellulose into glucose.
Rabbits eat their own faeces to obtain this glucose.

(i) Give two differences between the structure of bacterial cells and the structure of plant cells.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

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2 ..........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe a test to show that rabbit faeces contain glucose.
(3)
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(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q8.

Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in coal dust particles.

The X-ray shows the lungs of a person with pneumoconiosis.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

Coal dust particles collect in the alveoli and cannot be removed.

Cells grow around these coal dust particles, forming tissue that traps the particles.

(a) State what is meant by the term tissue.

(1)
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(b) Suggest why pneumoconiosis reduces the ability of a person to exercise.

(5)
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(c) In the UK, in 2013, breathing in dust particles resulted in diseases that caused 260 000 deaths.
The graph shows the number of these deaths caused by breathing in dust particles of asbestos, coal
and silica.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(i) Calculate the number of deaths in the UK, in 2013, caused by breathing in dust particles other than
asbestos, coal or silica.
(2)

number of deaths = ...........................................................

(ii) Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in the graph.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

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2 ..........................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q9.

(a) The table contains names and descriptions of processes involved in the digestive system.
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Complete the table by filling in the missing names and descriptions.
(5)

(b) Describe the process of digestion in the mouth.

(3)
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(c) A student carried out some food tests on two samples of food, A and B. The table shows the results.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

The student concluded that both samples of food contained carbohydrates.

Do you agree with this conclusion?
Give reasons for your answer.
(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q10.

Bacteria, fungi and protoctists can cause disease and have features common to all living organisms.

Viruses can cause disease but are not classified as living.

(a) (i) Explain why viruses are not classified as living.

(2)
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(ii) Name a disease caused by a virus.
(1)
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(b) A new group of pathogens called prions was discovered in the 1980s.
Prions are simple proteins.
All known prion diseases can be fatal because the immune system does not recognise prions as
foreign.
Suggest two ways in which prions differ from viruses.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

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2 ..........................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q11.

Read the passage below. Use the information in the passage and your own
knowledge to answer the questions that follow.

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is the term used to describe
several lung diseases including bronchitis and emphysema. People with
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
COPD have trouble breathing because they have damaged their lungs, usually
because of smoking. Eighty per cent of people who develop COPD are, or have
5 been, smokers.
However, breathing in dust or fumes may also cause COPD. There is also
a small genetic risk linked to COPD called alpha–1–antitrypsin deficiency.
Alpha–1–antitrypsin is a molecule that protects your lungs from being digested
by a protease enzyme released by white blood cells in the lungs. People who
10 have an alpha–1–antitrypsin deficiency usually develop COPD at a younger age.
There are about 65 million people in the UK and 835000 are known to have
COPD. There are thought to be another 2 million who have COPD but have
not been diagnosed because they have not asked for medical help. They seem
content to put up with what they call smoker's cough. Sadly, there are about
15 25000 deaths a year in the UK because of COPD.
The symptoms of COPD do not usually show until after the age of 35. They
include breathlessness when exercising, persistent coughing of mucus and
frequent chest infections, particularly in winter. The walls of the airways get
thicker in response to inflammation, more mucus is made and the air sacs
20 are damaged. Although any damage that has already happened to the lungs
cannot be reversed, it is possible to prevent COPD from getting worse by
making lifestyle changes.
Chest infections are common and can be caused by bacteria or viruses. People
with COPD are advised to have two vaccinations. A yearly 'flu jab' each autumn
25 protects against possible influenza and any chest infection that may develop
due to this. Vaccination against Pneumococcus, a bacterium that can cause
serious chest infections, involves a one–off injection.
Treatment for COPD usually involves relieving the symptoms, such as using an
inhaler to make breathing easier. Other treatments such as steroids, antibiotics,
30 breathing oxygen from a cylinder, and inhaling mucolytic (mucus–thinning)
medicines are sometimes prescribed in more severe cases, or during a worsening of symptoms.
(a) COPD includes diseases such as emphysema (line 2).
Give two causes of emphysema.
(2)
1 .............................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................

(b) The white blood cells in the lungs release protease (a protein digesting enzyme)
(line 9).
Suggest the function of this enzyme in the white blood cells in the lungs.
(2)
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(c) Calculate the number of people who may have COPD that are smokers
(lines 4 and 5 and lines 11 and 12).
Show your working.
(2)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Answer ...........................................................

(d) (i) Name the air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange (line 19).
(1)
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(ii) Suggest how damage to the air sacs can cause the symptom of breathlessness
when exercising (line 17).
(2)
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(e) Explain how the vaccination against Pneumococcus provides protection from
further infection (lines 24 to 27).
(2)
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(f) (i) Suggest how mucolytic medicines help to treat the symptoms of COPD
(lines 30 and 31)
(2)
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(ii) Breathing in oxygen from a cylinder changes the concentration of oxygen
in the air sacs
How does the change in oxygen concentration help to reduce the symptoms
of COPD
(2)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)
Q12.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
The Bristol scale is used to classify human faeces. It is used to help diagnose patients
who have problems with their alimentary canal.

(a) Suggest why a patient might produce Type 1 faeces.

(1)
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(b) Suggest why a patient might produce Type 7 faeces.

(1)
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(c) Describe how food is moved through the gut.

(3)
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(d) Name the part of the gut where faeces are

(i) stored
(1)
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(ii) expelled
(1)
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(e) Explain how egestion differs from excretion.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
(3)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q13.

Lipase is an enzyme that digests lipid into fatty acids and glycerol.

(a) Name a part of the digestive system where lipase is released.

(1)
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(b) A drug, X, that inhibits lipase is used to help people lose weight.
Explain how inhibition of lipase helps people to lose weight.
(2)
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(c) A scientist wants to investigate the inhibition of human lipase using different concentrations of drug X.
The diagram shows the apparatus the scientist uses.

In the investigation one concentration of drug X is added to food containing lipid.

The percentage inhibition of lipase is measured after 10 minutes.
This is repeated using different concentrations of drug X.
Explain which temperature of water should be used in the apparatus throughout the investigation.
(2)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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(d) A chemical extracted from dandelion plants also inhibits lipase.

The scientist repeats his experiment using the same range of concentrations of this chemical.
The graph shows the scientist's results for drug X and the chemical from dandelion plants.

(i) Calculate the difference between the concentration of drug X and the concentration of chemical
from dandelion plant extract that produces 50% inhibition.
Show your working.
(2)

difference = ........................................................... μg per cm3

(ii) Explain how the scientist could use the apparatus from part (c) to tell if the lipase had been inhibited.
(3)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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(iii) Why is drug X used at a maximum concentration of 8 μg per cm3?
(1)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q14.

The diagram shows a yeast cell.

(a) (i) Give the letter of the part made of chitin.

(1)
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(ii) Give the letter of the part made of glycogen.
(1)
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(b) Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells produces a gas.

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
(2)
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(c) A student uses this apparatus to investigate the effect of temperature on anaerobic respiration in
yeast.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

The student uses the water bath to control the temperature of the yeast in glucose solution.
He measures the rate of anaerobic respiration by counting the number of gas bubbles produced in one
minute.
The table shows the student's results.

(i) Plot a graph to show the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration.
Use a ruler to join the points with straight lines.
(5)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(ii) Explain the role of the liquid paraffin in this investigation.

(2)
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(iii) Explain how the student could modify his method to improve his results.
(2)
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(iv) Explain the results obtained at 20 °C and at 52 °C.
(4)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
20 °C

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52 °C

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(Total for question = 17 marks)
Q15.

A student wants to investigate osmosis using potato tissue.

(a) What is meant by the term osmosis?

(3)
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(b) The student puts 90 cm3 of glucose solution of different concentrations into six different plastic cups.
He then puts one raw potato chip into each cup. The diagram shows one of the plastic cups.

The potato chips were all the same mass and shape at the start of the investigation. After 12 hours the
chips are removed and the volume of solution in the plastic cups is measured. The table shows the
results.

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(i) Use the information in the table to plot a graph on the grid to show the volume of solution remaining
in the cup after 12 hours in each concentration of glucose. Use a ruler to join your points with straight
lines.
(5)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the concentration of the cytoplasm in the potato cells.
(1)
concentration ........................................................... mol/dm3

(iii) Complete the table by ticking the boxes to show the cups in which the potato chips lost water.
(1)

(c) (i) Name the independent variable in this investigation.

(1)
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(ii) Name a controlled variable in this investigation.

(1)
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(iii) Suggest two reasons why the volume of solution measured by the student may not be accurate.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

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2 ..........................................................................................................................................

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(iv) Suggest a piece of apparatus that could be used to give a precise measurement of the volume of
the solution left in each cup.
(1)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Q16. A student is given a Petri dish containing starch mixed with agar jelly.
The student makes five wells each of diameter 10 mm in the agar. She fills the wells with solutions of
amylase, each with a different pH.

After 24 hours she pours iodine solution on to the agar jelly.

The iodine solution turns the starch in the agar jelly a dark blue colour.

The diagram shows the appearance of the Petri dish.

(a) The student measures the clear area around each well using a ruler.
Two have been done for you. Complete the remainder of the table.
(1)

(b) (i) Explain why there is a clear zone around some of the wells containing amylase.
(2)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
(ii) Explain why the clear zones have a range of different diameters. The diameters of the wells do not
change during the experiment.
(2)
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(c) Name the independent variable in this investigation.

(1)
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(d) (i) The student keeps the Petri dish at 20 °C to control the temperature in order to make a valid
comparison between each pH.
Name three other variables that the student needs to control.
(3)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

3 ..........................................................................................................................................

(ii) The student repeats the experiment, keeping the Petri dish at 37 °C on this occasion.
On the diagram, draw the results you would expect to see.
(2)

(Total for question = 11 marks)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Q17.

The diagram shows the human digestive system.

(a) Use letters from the diagram to answer these questions.

Each answer may be one letter or more than one letter.
(3)
(i) Where is amylase made? ...........................................................

(ii) Where are faeces stored? ...........................................................

(iii) Where is protein digested? ...........................................................

(b) Describe and explain how the structure of the small intestine is adapted for absorbing digested food.
(5)
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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
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.............................................................................................................................................

(c) A balanced diet is important to maintain good health.

(i) Suggest the consequences of having a diet that lacks fresh fruit and fibre.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest the consequences of having a diet that contains too much fat.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 13 marks)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
Q18.

The photograph shows some viruses.

(a) Suggest two reasons why most biologists do not classify viruses as living organisms.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Name one example of a virus.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Give one structural difference between a bacterium and a virus.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

Q19.

Yeast is an organism used in the production of beer.

The diagram shows a yeast cell.

(a) (i) Give the letter of the part made of chitin.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the letter of the part that contains glycogen.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Yeast releases carbon dioxide when beer is made.

A student uses this apparatus to measure the rate of carbon dioxide production by yeast.

(i) The solution contains yeast cells.

Name two substances in the solution.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

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ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS

(ii) Every three minutes, the student records the position of the drop of ink using the scale.
The table shows the student's results.

Calculate the difference between the rate of carbon dioxide production in the first three minutes and
the rate in the final three minutes.
Show your working.
(2)

difference in rate = ........................................................... mm per minute

(c) The student then investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide production by
yeast.
He measures the volume of carbon dioxide produced rather than the distance moved by the drop of
ink.
The graph shows his results.

(i) Give the optimum temperature for the production of carbon dioxide.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the rate of carbon dioxide production is slow at low temperatures.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

35
ÇİĞDEM OZAN-IGCSE CHAPTER 1-2-3-4 REVISION QUESTIONS
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest how the student could modify the apparatus to vary the temperature.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)

36