Acids and Bases Questions

Objective Questions

Q-1: Which of the following is a base?

a) Curd

b) Vinegar

c) Amla

d) Window cleaner

Answer: d) Window cleaner

Explanation: Bases are substances that taste bitter and feel soapy to the touch.
Window cleaner possesses these qualities, making it a base.

Q-2: Which of the following is the Latin word that acid is derived from?

a) Ace

b) Acere

c) Acre

d) None of the above

Answer: b) Acere

Explanation: The word acid comes from the Latin word acere, which means sour.

Q-3: Which of the following is not an indicator that occurs naturally?

a) Gudhal

b) Turmeric
c) Litmus

d) Phenolphthalein

Answer: d) Phenolphthalein

Explanation: Phenolphthalein is a synthetic indicator that is not produced in

nature. Some of the naturally occurring indicators include litmus, turmeric and
gudhal (China rose).

Q-4: Which one of the following fruits contains ascorbic acid?

a) Spinach

b) Grapes

c) Unripe mangoes

d) Amla

Answer: d) Amla

Explanation: Ascorbic acid is present in amla, whereas tartaric acid is present in

grapes and unripe mangoes. Spinach contains oxalic acid.

Q-5: Which of the following indicators are typically found as strips?

a) China Rose

b) Turmeric

c) Litmus

d) All of the above

Answer: c) Litmus
Explanation: Litmus is the most popular natural indicator. It is marketed as “litmus
paper,” which are paper strips. It typically comes in red and blue litmus paper.

Q-6: How will the addition of turmeric affect the colour of lime water?

a) The solution becomes blue in colour

b) The solution becomes red in colour

c) The solution becomes yellow in colour

d) The solution becomes pink in colour

Answer: b) The solution becomes red in colour

Explanation: Lime water is basic in nature. When added to a basic substance, the
natural indicator turmeric turns red. Thus, adding turmeric causes the lime water
to turn red.

Q-7: Which of the following is the outcome of a neutralisation reaction?

a) A solution

b) A salt

c) A mixture

d) A acid and base mixture

Answer: b) A salt

Explanation: New material is created during the neutralisation reaction known as

salt.

Q-8: Why is organic matter added to the soil?

a) Because organic matter is basic in nature

b) Because organic matter releases acids in the soil

c) Due to the neutral nature of organic matter

d) Because organic matter is crucial for soil.

Answer: b) Because organic matter releases acids in the soil

Explanation: Organic matter (compost) is added to the soil if it is basic. Acids are
released by organic matter, which balances the soil’s basic nature.

Q-9: Which of the following chemicals is present in the calamine solution?

a) Zinc hydroxide

b) Zinc carbonate

c) Zinc oxide

d) Zinc sulphate

Answer: b) Zinc carbonate

Q-10: Which of the following acids is formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved in
raindrops?

a) Carbonic acid

b) Hydrochloric acid

c) Oxalic acid

d) Formic acid

Answer: a) Carbonic acid

Explanation: When carbon dioxide dissolves in raindrops, it forms carbonic acid.

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

Q-11: What name is given to the solutions that don’t affect the colour of either the
red or the blue litmus test strips?

a) Acidic solutions

b) Salt solutions

c) Basic solutions

d) Neutral solutions

Answer: d) Neutral solutions

Explanation: Neutral solutions are those that do not alter the colour of either red
or blue litmus. These substances lack both acidic and basic properties.

Q-12: Which of the following solutions will cause the blue litmus to turn red?

a) Vinegar

b) Soap

c) Milk of magnesia

d) Calamine

Answer: a) Vinegar

Explanation: Blue litmus will change to red in an acidic solution. Because vinegar
contains acetic acid, it will turn the blue litmus paper red. The blue litmus paper
strip won’t be affected by any other solutions because they are all basic.

Q-13: What changes in colour are produced when a basic solution is combined
with the China rose indicator?
a) It turns blue

b) It turns green

c) It turns dark pink

d) No change

Answer: b) It turns green

Explanation: Acidic solutions turn dark pink (magenta) when exposed to the
China rose indicator, while basic solutions turn green.

Q-14: Which of the following substances can be used to soothe the discomfort
brought on by wasp stings?

a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

b) Vinegar

c) Milk of magnesia

d) Zinc carbonate

Answer: b) Vinegar

Explanation: A basic substance that is produced by wasp stings irritates the skin.
Vinegar, an acidic substance, can be used to counteract the effects of the base.

Q-15: When a man with stomach pain went to the doctor, the physician identified
acidity. Which of the following would be the suitable remedy for him?

a) Lemonade drink

b) Baking soda

c) Aerated drink
d) Vinegar

Answer: b) Baking soda

Explanation: Acidity is a condition that develops when there is too much acid
present. Baking soda is the only base present here, which is necessary to
counteract the effects of the acid. As a result, it negates the negative effects of
too much acid.

Q-16: What colour change will you observe when phenolphthalein is added to an
acid?

a) Pink

b) Green

c) Colourless

d) Blue

Answer: c) Colourless

Explanation: When the solution is basic, phenolphthalein gives a pink colour. On

the other hand, when the solution is acidic, it remains colourless.

Q-17: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a neutralisation reaction?

a) Temperature of the reaction mixture decreases.

b) A lot of heat evolves.

c) Along with salt, water is formed.

d) Resulting salt can be acidic, basic or neutral.

Answer: a) Temperature of the reaction mixture decreases.

Explanation: A new substance is formed during the neutralisation reaction known
as salt. Salt can be acidic, basic, or neutral. As a result, neutralisation can be
defined as follows: The neutralisation reaction occurs when an acid and a base
react. With the evolution of heat, this process produces salt and water. The heat
that is released raises the temperature of the reaction mixture.

Q-18: Which of the following describes the mixture of materials that exhibits a
range of colours in acidic, basic, and neutral solutions?

a) Rainbow

b) Indicators

c) Colour palette

d) None of the above

Answer: b) Indicators

Explanation: Solutions of substances that change colour in acidic, basic, and

neutral environments are called indicators.

Q-19:

Assertion: SO2 is acidic in nature

Reason: A non metallic oxide reacts with a base to form salt and water.

Choose the most appropriate option:

a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion.

b) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

d) Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion.

Explanation: A non-metallic oxide like SO2 is acidic in nature. Therefore, the

assertion is a true statement.

We know that when an acid and a base interact, salt and water are created.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

When non-metallic oxide and a base interact, salt and water are produced.

Nonmetallic oxide + Base → Salt + Water

By comparing the above two reactions, we can clearly state that SO2 (a
non-metallic oxide) is acidic in nature.

Consequently, the reason is also true and is the proper justification for the
assertion.

Q-20: When dilute hydrochloric acid and a substance X that can be used as an
antacid are combined, a gas Y is created that is used in fire extinguishers.
Determine X and Y.

a) X: NaHCO3, Y: CO2

b) X: Na2CO3, Y: CO

c) X: NaHCO3, Y: CO

d) X: Na2CO3, Y: CO2

Answer: a) X: NaHCO3, Y: CO2

Explanation: NaHCO3 is an antacid. When it reacts with HCl, the following
reactions take place:

NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2

CO2 is the gas that is used in fire extinguishers.

Hence X is NaHCO3 and Y isCO2.

Chatgpt Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?
○ A) Vinegar
○ B) Lemon juice
○ C) Hydrochloric acid
○ D) Soap solution
2. What is the taste commonly associated with acids?
○ A) Sweet
○ B) Bitter
○ C) Sour
○ D) Salty
3. Which of the following substances is a base?
○ A) Lemon juice
○ B) Baking soda
○ C) Vinegar
○ D) Orange juice
4. What colour does blue litmus paper turn when dipped in an acid?
○ A) Red
○ B) Blue
○ C) Green
○ D) Yellow
5. Which of the following is a property of a base?
○ A) Sour taste
○ B) Turns red litmus paper blue
○ C) Conducts electricity in solid form
○ D) Turns blue litmus paper red
6. Which of the following is a neutral substance?
○ A) Lemon juice
○ B) Water
○ C) Soap solution
○ D) Vinegar
7. The pH scale ranges from:
○ A) 0 to 7
○ B) 0 to 14
○ C) 1 to 10
○ D) 1 to 12
8. Which of the following is an indicator used to test for acids and bases?
○ A) Sodium chloride
○ B) Litmus paper
○ C) Baking soda
○ D) Water
9. What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
○ A) HCl
○ B) HNO₃
○ C) H₂SO₄
○ D) CH₃COOH
10. Bases are substances that release _______ ions in water.
○ A) Hydrogen (H⁺)
○ B) Hydroxide (OH⁻)
○ C) Sodium (Na⁺)
○ D) Chloride (Cl⁻)
True or False Questions

11. Acids have a pH greater than 7. (True/False)

12. Bases feel slippery to the touch. (True/False)
13. A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. (True/False)
14. Lemon juice is an example of a base. (True/False)
15. All acids are corrosive and dangerous to handle. (True/False)

Fill in the Blanks

16. Acids turn blue litmus paper __________.

17. A substance with a pH less than 7 is classified as an __________.
18. __________ is an example of a common household base.
19. The pH scale is used to measure the __________ of a solution.
20.__________ acid is found in the stomach and aids in digestion.

Long Questions

1. Explain the differences between acids and bases. Provide examples of

each.

2. What is the pH scale? Explain how it is used to determine the acidity or

basicity of a substance.

3. Describe a neutralisation reaction. What are the products of such a

reaction? Provide an example.

4. What are indicators? Describe how they are used to distinguish between
acids and bases with examples.
5. How do acids and bases affect our daily lives? Explain the role of acids
and bases in food, cleaning, and healthcare.

6. Discuss the importance of pH in everyday life. Explain how pH plays a

role in soil testing for agriculture, water treatment, and in the human body
(such as in digestion).

7. Compare and contrast strong acids and weak acids, and strong bases
and weak bases. Provide examples and explain how their strengths are
measured.

8. Explain the difference between organic and mineral acids. Give

examples of each and explain their uses in industries and at home.

9. Describe how antacids work to neutralise stomach acid. Explain the

chemical reactions involved and why this is important for health.

10. Why is it important to handle acids and bases with care? Discuss safety
measures that should be taken when working with strong acids and bases
in laboratories or at home.
Changes All Around Us
Questions
Objective Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
○ A) Burning of paper
○ B) Rusting of iron
○ C) Melting of ice
○ D) Baking a cake
2. Which of the following is a reversible change?
○ A) Burning a candle
○ B) Freezing water to form ice
○ C) Cooking rice
○ D) Rusting of iron
3. Which of these is a chemical change?
○ A) Dissolving sugar in water
○ B) Boiling water
○ C) Burning of wood
○ D) Breaking a glass
4. What type of change occurs when iron rusts?
○ A) Physical change
○ B) Chemical change
○ C) Both physical and chemical
○ D) Reversible change
5. When water is heated and turns into steam, what type of change occurs?
○ A) Chemical change
○ B) Physical change
○ C) Irreversible change
○ D) Permanent change
6. Which of the following changes is irreversible?
○ A) Melting of wax
○ B) Boiling of water
○ C) Burning of paper
○ D) Dissolving salt in water
7. In which process does a liquid turn into a solid?
 ○ A) Condensation
○ B) Evaporation
○ C) Freezing
○ D) Melting
8. Which of the following changes involves a change of state?
○ A) Rusting of iron
○ B) Breaking a glass
○ C) Melting of ice
○ D) Burning of a candle
9. What kind of change is the souring of milk?
○ A) Physical change
○ B) Chemical change
○ C) Reversible change
○ D) Temporary change
10. Which of these processes is used to separate a mixture of salt and water?
○ A) Filtration
○ B) Evaporation
○ C) Decantation
○ D) Magnetism

True or False Questions

11. Physical changes do not result in the formation of new substances.

(True/False)
12. Freezing water is an irreversible change. (True/False)
13. Burning wood is a chemical change. (True/False)
14. Melting of ice is a physical change. (True/False)
15. Chemical changes can usually be reversed by simple physical methods.
(True/False)

Fill in the Blanks

16. The process of turning a solid into a liquid is called __________.

17. A chemical change usually produces a __________ substance.
18. When a liquid turns into a gas, the process is known as __________.
19. The rusting of iron is an example of an __________ change.
20.Cutting paper into small pieces is an example of a __________ change.

Google
Q1. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
(a) Formation of cloud

(b) Dropping sodium into water

(c) Glowing of an electric light

(d) All of the above

Answer: (b) Dropping sodium into water

Explanation: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to form a

new substance with different properties. The formation of clouds and the glowing
of an electric light do not constitute a new substance. Thus, these are examples
of physical change. In contrast, dropping sodium into water is an irreversible
process which leads to sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas formation. Thus, it is
categorised as a chemical change.

Na + H2O → NaOH + H2

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Q2. Combustion is a ________ change.

(a) Chemical change

(b) Physical change

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Chemical change

Explanation: Combustion leads to the formation of a new substance, and the

reaction that involves the formation of a new substance is a chemical reaction,
i.e. chemical change. Hence, option (a) is correct.
Q3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a chemical change?

(a) Formation of new substances

(b) They are irreversible

(c) Chemical properties of new substances are the same

(d) None of the above

Answer: (c) Chemical properties of new substances are the same

Explanation: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to form a

new substance with different properties. It is irreversible. Hence, option (c) is
correct.

Q4. Which of the following are the characteristics of a physical change?

(a) It is reversible

(b) It is temporary

(c) No new substance is formed

(d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the

substance change, but no new substances are formed. It is temporary and
reversible, i.e. we can recover it by just reversing the conditions. Hence, option
(d) is correct.

Q5. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

(a) Respiration (Inhaling oxygen gas and exhaling carbon dioxide gas)

(b) Evaporation of water

(c) Mixing vinegar and baking soda

(d) All of the above

Answer: (b) Evaporation of water

Explanation: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the

substance change, but no new substances are formed. It is temporary and
reversible. In the evaporation of water, only the physical state of water changes
from liquid to gas, but not the chemical composition of water. Thus, it is a
physical change. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Q6. Which of the following is a permanent change and can not be recovered by
just reversing the conditions?

(a) Chemical change

(b) Physical change

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Chemical change

Explanation: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to form a

new substance with different properties. It is irreversible, i.e. we can not recover
it by reversing the conditions. Hence, option (a) is correct.

True or False Type Questions

Q1. Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change.

Answer: False
Explanation: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to form a
new substance with different properties. Cutting of log of wood into pieces does
not involve any new substance formation. Thus, it is not a chemical change.

Q2. The formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.

Answer: False

Explanation: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the

substance change, but no new substances are formed. The formation of manure
from leaves involves the formation of a new substance. Thus, it is not a physical
change.

Q3. Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.

Answer: True

Explanation: Iron pipes are coated with a layer of zinc to prevent contact with air
or moisture. The zinc layer acts as a boundary between the iron and air or
moisture and prevents it from getting rusted.

Q4. Condensation of steam is not a chemical change.

Answer: True

Explanation: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to form a

new substance with different properties. It is a permanent and irreversible
process as during the condensation of steam, only the physical state of water
changes from gas to liquid, but not the chemical composition of water. Thus, it is
not a chemical change.

Q5. Rust can be crumbled off easily.

Answer: True
Explanation: Rust is an iron oxide formed when iron and oxygen react with water.
The iron oxide layer is not firmly attached to the surface of the iron, so it
crumbles off.

Fill in the Blanks Type Questions

Q1. Rust forms on ______.

Answer: Iron

Explanation: Rust is a reddish-brown flaking coating of hydrated iron oxide

formed on iron by oxidation in the presence of water or moisture.

Q2. Digestion of food is a ______ change.

Answer: Chemical

Explanation: Digestion of food is a chemical process which comprises chewing,

saliva action on food, the action of acid in the stomach on food, and the
breakdown of food particles.

Q3. The churning of milk to get butter is a ______ change.

Answer: Physical

Explanation: When milk cream is churned, we get butter. The fat droplets in milk
cream bind together to form fat clusters (butter). No new substance is formed
during butter formation. Hence, it is classified as a physical change.

Q4. The glowing of an electric bulb is a _____ change.

Answer: Physical

Explanation: When electricity is passed through the bulb, the electrons get
excited and release energy in the form of light. No new substance is formed
during the glowing of an electric bulb. Hence, it is classified as a physical
change.

Q5. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the
formation of _________.

Answer: Calcium carbonate.

Explanation: Carbon dioxide reacts with limewater (Ca(OH)2) to form a white

precipitate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Thus, it turns milky.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3

However, the milkiness goes away if an excess of carbon dioxide is passed

through lime water. It is due to the formation of colourless calcium bicarbonate,
which is soluble in water.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 → Ca(HCO3)2

Match the Following Type Questions

Q1. Match the items of column A with those of column B.

Column A Column B

Physical change Blue

Chemical change Green

Burning of magnesium Physical properties are changed

 Iron sulphate Magnesium oxide

Copper sulphate New substances are produced

Answer:

Column A Column B

Physical change Physical properties are changed

Chemical change New substances are produced

Burning of magnesium Magnesium oxide

Iron sulphate Green

Copper sulphate Blue

Q2. Match the items of column A with those of column B.

Column A Column B

Burning of paper Physical change

The ringing of an electric bell Chemical change

 Curdling of milk Physical change

The electric light is switched on Chemical change

Melting of butter Physical change

Answer:

Column A Column B

Burning of paper Chemical change

The ringing of an electric bell Physical change

Curdling of milk Chemical change

The electric light is switched on Physical change

Melting of butter Physical change

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. What is rust?

Answer: The brownish deposit on an iron material left open for some time is
called rust

Q2. Name the product formed when a piece of magnesium is burnt in the air.
Answer: Magnesium oxide is formed when a piece of magnesium is burnt in the
air.

Q3. What is galvanisation?

Answer: Galvanisation refers to the process of depositing zinc on iron articles. It

is used to prevent rusting of iron articles.

Q4. What is crystallisation?

Answer: Crystallisation refers to the process by which an impure compound is

converted into a crystal.

Q5. What are the molecular formula and chemical name of rust?

Answer: The molecular formula and chemical name of rust are Fe2O3 and ferric
oxide, respectively.

Q6. What is a physical change?

Answer: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the substance
change, but no new substances are formed.

Q7. What is a chemical change?

Answer: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to produce one
or more new substances with different properties.

Q8. Mention one way of preventing rusting of iron.

Answer: Galvanisation can be used to prevent rusting of iron.

Q9. Mention some examples of chemical changes.

Answer: Rusting of iron, fermentation of food, photosynthesis, burning of a

candle and digestion of food are some examples of chemical changes.
Q10. How does painting an iron grill prevent it from rusting?

Answer: Painting an iron grill prevents the contact of iron with air and moisture,
so there is no interaction. Thus, painting an iron grill prevents it from rusting.

Q11. Write the chemical equation for rusting of iron.

Answer: The chemical equation for rusting iron is

Iron + Oxygen + Water → Rust (Iron Oxide).

4 Fe + 3 O2 + x.H2O → 2 Fe2O3.

Q12. Name a metal other than zinc coated on iron to prevent rusting.

Answer: Chromium is coated on iron to prevent rusting.

Q13. Name a method by which you can obtain a highly pure sample of salt.

Answer: Crystallisation can be used to obtain a highly pure sample of salt.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the
evolution of gas. What kind of change is it? Explain.

Answer: When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas
is released in the form of bubbles. The chemical composition of the substance
changes and a new product is formed after mixing. Thus, it is a chemical change.

Q2. Why do stainless steel utensils not rust?

Answer: Stainless steel is an alloy with a minimum chromium content of 10.5%.

The chromium reacts with the oxygen in the air and forms a protective layer that
makes stainless steel highly resistant to corrosion and rust.

Q3. Why is fermented food warmer than ordinary food?

Answer: Fermented food is warmer than everyday food because a chemical
reaction occurs during fermentation leading to the elimination of carbon dioxide
and heat.

Q4. Name the two conditions that are essential for rusting.

Answer: The two conditions necessary for rusting are:

1. Oxygen

2. Water or water vapour

Q6. Why is crystallisation regarded as a physical change?

Answer: Crystallisation is a physical change as it does not result in the formation

of a new substance. Moreover, the change is reversible because crystals formed
in the process can be reversed back to non-crystalline form by dissolving it in
water.

Q6. How would you show that curdling of milk is a chemical change?

Answer: Curdling of milk is a chemical change because a new substance, i.e.

lactic acid, is formed. The curd has a different taste than the milk. Also, once the
curd is formed, we can not restore milk from it.

Q7. Explain why burning wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered two
different types of changes.

Answer: The burning of wood is a chemical change as after burning it, wood
changes into ash, and we can not recover it from ash. In contrast, cutting wood
into small pieces is a physical change as it involves a difference in the size of the
wood.

Q8. Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.
Answer: Rusting of iron objects occurs if iron comes in contact with moist air. It
is faster in coastal areas than in deserts because air contains a high percentage
of moisture in coastal areas. In contrast, the air is dry and hot in the deserts.
Therefore rusting is more prominent in coastal provinces than in deserts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. What is a chemical change? List some characteristics of chemical changes.

Answer: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to produce one
or more new substances with different properties.

Some of the characteristics of chemical changes are mentioned below.

1. Formation of new substance

2. Changes in the composition of the substance

3. Precipitate (formation of residue)

4. Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles)

5. Irreversible, i.e. we can not recover it by reversing the conditions.

6. Absorption or evolution of heat and light energy

7. Change of colour

8. Change of smell

9. Production of sound

Q2. What is a physical change? List some characteristics of physical changes.

Answer: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the substance
change, but no new substances are formed.

Some of the characteristics of physical changes are mentioned below.

1. The physical properties of a substance change during a physical change.

For example, when an ice cube melts, water is formed. There is a change in the
state of water from solid to liquid.

2. No new substances are formed, and the nature of the substance remains the
same during the change.

For example, when an ice cube melts, water is formed. No new substances are
formed during the process, and the nature of the substance remains the same.

3. It is temporary and generally reversible though some changes may be

irreversible.

For example, when water is heated, water vapours are formed. Once water
vapours are cooled, we can obtain water again.

4. Only a small amount of heat is absorbed or given off during the change.

Q3. What is rusting? How can it be prevented?

Answer: Rusting refers to depositing reddish brown material on the iron articles.
The formation damages or destroys the iron material.

We can prevent rusting of iron in the following ways:

1. Painting, oiling, greasing, or varnishing its surface.

2. Coating iron with non-corrosive substances like carbon. This process is known
as alloying.

3. Galvanisation is another method of protecting iron from rusting by coating iron

with a thin layer of zinc.

Q4. Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.

Answer: We can distinguish between physical and chemical changes in the
following ways.

Sl. Physical Change Chemical Change

No.

1. A physical change occurs when the physical A chemical change occurs when
properties of the substance change, but no two substances interact to
new substances are formed. produce one or more new

substances with different

properties.

2. No new substance is formed. A new substance is formed.

3. It is a temporary change. It is a permanent change.

4. It affects only physical properties, i.e. shape, It affects the physical and chemical
size, etc. properties of the substance,
including its composition.

5. Minor to no absorption and energy evolution Absorption and energy evolution

occur. occur.

6. It is reversible, i.e. we can recover the It is irreversible, i.e. we can not

original substance. recover it by reversing the
conditions.

Q5. Classify the following into physical or chemical changes.

(a) Magnetisation of an iron piece

(b) Dissolution of salt in water

(c) Expansion and contraction of metals

Answer: (a) Magnetisation of an iron piece is a physical change as it is a

temporary change.

(b) The dissolution of salt in water is the method of dissolving salt in water. It is a
physical change as no new substance is formed, and the salt can be recovered by
water evaporation.

(c) The expansion and contraction of metal on heating and cooling are physical
changes because the expansion and contraction do not cause any chemical
changes in metal. Also, contraction and expansion do not produce other
elements with different chemical properties.

Q6. What happens when an iron nail is dipped in the copper sulphate solution?

Answer: When an iron nail is immersed in copper sulphate, iron displaces copper
from the copper sulphate solution, as iron is more reactive than copper.
Therefore, the colour of the copper sulphate solution changes from blue to pale
green.

Reaction

CuSO4 (aq) + Fe (s) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

In this reaction, the following two processes take place:

Cu²⁺ + 2 e– = Cu⁰ (reduction process, Cu²⁺ is the oxidising agent)

Fe⁰ – 2 e– = Fe²⁺ (oxidation process, Fe⁰ is the reducing agent)

It is a double displacement and redox reaction (as oxidation and reduction

coincide).
Explanation

When an iron nail is dipped in copper sulphate solution, a brown coating of

copper is formed on the iron surface, and the copper sulphate solution’s colour
changes from blue to pale green. The iron passes into the solution as ferrous,
forming the ferrous sulphate solution. The reaction shows iron is more reactive
than copper because it displaces copper from the copper sulphate solution.

Q7. What happens if the gas produced by the reaction between vinegar and
baking soda is passed through lime water? Justify your answer.

Answer: The reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar
(dilute acetic acid) generates carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate.

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

When carbon dioxide is passed into the lime water, a white precipitate of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) is formed, making it milky.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3

However, the milkiness goes away if an excess of carbon dioxide is passed

through lime water. It is due to the formation of colourless calcium bicarbonate,
which is soluble in water.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 → Ca(HCO3)2