‫وزارة التعليم العالي‬

‫المعهد العالي للهندسة والتكنولوجيا‬

‫‪High Institute for Engineering and‬‬

‫‪Technology In New Damietta‬‬

‫‪References, References types, Bibliography and‬‬

‫‪Bibliography types‬‬

‫االسم‪ /‬أحمد محمد السيد الفار‬

‫الكود‪250-2021 /‬‬
‫السكشن‪32 /‬‬

‫مقدم إلي‬
‫د‪ /‬هاني حشيش‬
‫د‪ /‬محمد البنداري‬
References, References types, Bibliography and
Bibliography types
Table of Contents
References .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................. 6
References type ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Bibliography type ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 13
References
References are an essential part of academic writing, research,
and communication. They allow writers to acknowledge the
sources of their information, demonstrate their knowledge of
the field, and provide readers with the opportunity to locate
and verify the information presented in the text.

In academic writing, references typically include a list of

sources cited in the text, arranged in alphabetical order by the
author's surname or by the title if there is no author. The
reference list should provide sufficient information to allow
readers to locate the source, including the author's name,
publication year, title of the article or book, and publication
information, such as the publisher and the place of publication.

There are various citation styles used in academic writing,

including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. Each citation style
has its own specific guidelines for formatting references,
including rules for the order, punctuation, and capitalization of
the different elements of the reference.

When preparing references, it is important to ensure that they

are accurate, complete, and consistent with the citation style
being used. This can be achieved by carefully checking the
details of each source, using reference management software
to organize and format references, and consulting the
appropriate citation style guide.

In addition to academic writing, references are also important

in other forms of communication, such as business reports,
technical manuals, and legal documents. In these contexts,
references may include not only published sources but also
internal company documents, government regulations, and
other types of information relevant to the topic.

Overall, references play a crucial role in academic writing and

other forms of communication by providing readers with the
means to locate and verify the information presented in the
text. By following the appropriate citation style guidelines and
ensuring the accuracy and completeness of references, writers
can demonstrate their credibility and expertise in the field.
Bibliography
A bibliography is a list of sources that a writer has consulted or
cited in the process of researching and writing a document. It
typically includes books, articles, and other sources that have
been used to gather information and support the writer's
arguments or ideas.

Bibliographies are often included at the end of academic

papers, research reports, and other formal documents. Unlike a
reference list, which only includes sources that have been cited
in the text, a bibliography may include additional sources that
the writer has consulted but not necessarily cited.

In academic writing, the format of a bibliography can vary

depending on the citation style being used. Common citation
styles include APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard, each of which
has its own specific guidelines for formatting a bibliography.

A typical bibliography entry includes the author's name, title of

the work, publication information, and any other relevant
details that will help readers locate the source. For books, this
may include the publisher, date of publication, and edition
number. For articles, the journal title, volume, and issue
number may be included.
In addition to academic writing, bibliographies can also be used
in other contexts, such as business reports, technical manuals,
and research proposals. In these contexts, a bibliography may
include not only published sources but also internal company
documents, government reports, and other types of
information relevant to the topic.

Overall, a bibliography serves as a valuable resource for readers

who want to learn more about a particular topic or verify the
sources used by the writer. By carefully selecting and organizing
the sources included in a bibliography, writers can demonstrate
their research skills and provide readers with a comprehensive
overview of the literature on a given topic.
References type
References can be classified into various types, depending on
the source of the information being cited. Some of the most
common types of references include:

1. Books: References to books typically include the

author's name, title of the book, date of publication,
publisher, and place of publication.

2. Journal articles: References to journal articles

typically include the author's name, title of the article,
name of the journal, volume and issue number, date
of publication, and page numbers.

3. Conference proceedings: References to conference

proceedings typically include the author's name, title
of the paper, name of the conference, date of the
conference, and page numbers.

4. Websites: References to websites typically include

the author's name (if available), title of the webpage
or article, date of publication or last update, name of
the website or organization, and URL.
 5. Government reports: References to government
reports typically include the authoring agency, title of
the report, date of publication, and any identifying
numbers or codes.

6. Interviews: References to interviews typically include

the name of the interviewee, date of the interview,
and any identifying information about the interview
(e.g., location, type of interview).

7. Personal communication: References to personal

communication (e.g., email, letter, conversation)
typically include the name of the person who
provided the communication, the date, and the type
of communication.

It is important to ensure that references are accurate,

complete, and consistent with the citation style being used.
This can be achieved by carefully checking the details of each
source, using reference management software to organize and
format references, and consulting the appropriate citation style
guide. By including accurate and complete references, writers
can demonstrate their credibility and expertise in the field and
provide readers with the means to locate and verify the
information presented in the text.
Bibliography type
Bibliographies can be classified into various types, depending
on the purpose and scope of the document being written.
Some of the most common types of bibliographies include:

1. Annotated bibliography: An annotated bibliography is

a list of sources that includes a brief description or
evaluation of each source. The annotations may
provide a summary of the content, an evaluation of
the quality or relevance of the source, or an
explanation of how the source relates to the writer's
research.

2. Historical bibliography: A historical bibliography is a

list of sources that documents the development of a
particular field of study or topic over time. It may
include primary sources (e.g., original documents,
manuscripts) as well as secondary sources (e.g.,
books, articles).

3. Descriptive bibliography: A descriptive bibliography is

a list of sources that provides detailed information
about the physical characteristics of books or other
printed materials, such as the type of paper, ink, and
binding used.
 4. Systematic bibliography: A systematic bibliography is
a list of sources that is organized according to a
specific classification system or framework. This type
of bibliography may be used to document the
literature on a particular topic or to provide a
comprehensive overview of a specific field of study.

5. Selective bibliography: A selective bibliography is a

list of sources that includes only those that are
considered to be the most important or relevant to a
particular topic or research question.

6. General bibliography: A general bibliography is a list

of sources that provides a broad overview of a
particular field or topic. It may include both primary
and secondary sources and is intended to provide a
starting point for further research.

In academic writing, the format of a bibliography can vary

depending on the citation style being used. Common citation
styles include APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard, each of which
has its own specific guidelines for formatting a bibliography. By
carefully selecting and organizing the sources included in a
bibliography, writers can demonstrate their research skills and
provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the
literature on a given topic.
Bibliography

[1] "OpenAI. (2023). Chat GPT [AI language model].," OpenAI. (2023). Chat GPT, 2023. [Online].
Available: https://openai.com.