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Readings in Philippine History

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Readings in Philippine History

Uploaded by

tabbugajester
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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READINGS IN

PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
❑ a way of looking at historical events, personalities,
developments, cultures, and societies from
different perspectives
❑ provides a more complex, and a more complete
and richer understanding of the past.
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
❑ Exploring multiple perspectives in history requires
incorporating source materials that reflect
different views
✓ Singular historical narratives do not provide for
space to inquire and investigate

❑ Different kinds of sources also provide different


historical truths
Why is multiperspectivity important?
SITE OF THE FIRST MASS
LIMASAWA vs. BUTUAN
ACTIVITY 01.
CLASS DEBATE
• The class will be divided into two.
• Representative from each group will pick a place either
Limasawa or Butuan their group have to defend.
• You are given 15 minutes to research on the place your
representative picked.
• Debate proper – each member will speak for 30 seconds to 1
minute to present their argumentation.
Evidences that supports Limasawa as the
Site of the First Mass
Two Primary Sources
Antonio Pigafetta’s account Francisco Albo’s logbook
Antonio Pigafetta was one of the Francisco Albo was the pilot of the
crewmen during Ferdinand Victoria, one of the ships in
Magellan’s voyage and was the Magellan's fleet, and he kept a
official chronicler of the. He wrote logbook of the voyage after
Primo viaggo Intorno al mondo, Magellan's death. His logbook
wherein he recorded important provides valuable navigational data
events that took place during the that helps support the claim that
voyage. Limasawa was the site of the first
Catholic Mass in the Philippines.
Antonio Pigafetta’s account Francisco Albo’s logbook
1. Geographical Description - He described 1. Navigational Data - According to his
the island as having a rounded shape, data, after leaving Homonhon, they sailed
which aligns with the shape of Limasawa. westward for about 20 leagues before
2. Route Taken - According to Pigafetta, reaching the island where the first mass
after leaving the island of Homonhon, they was held. This distance and direction align
sailed westward and reached an island with the location of Limasawa relative to
where they were well-received by two local Homonhon.
chieftains. This route and encounter align 2. Latitude - the first mass was held as 9
with the location of Limasawa and the and ½ degrees North, which is very close to
historical accounts of Rajah Kolambu and the latitude of Limasawa (9.92 degrees
Rajah Siagu welcoming Magellan and his North).
crew. 3. Description of the Island - Albo described
3. Name and Description: Pigafetta referred the island as being small and uninhabited,
to the island where the first mass was held which matches the description of
as "Mazaua". Over time, it's believed that Limasawa.
"Mazaua" became "Masawa", and then
"Limasawa".
CAVITE MUTINY
ACTIVITY 02.
Research and write a short description of the events that took
place during the Cavite Mutiny using the following format:
A. WHAT:
B. WHEN:
C. WHERE:
D. WHY:
CAVITE MUTINY
- The Cavite Mutiny was a brief uprising by Filipino soldiers and
workers at a Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippines, on January
20, 1872. These Filipinos, who worked for the Spanish colonial
government, were frustrated by unfair taxes and poor treatment.
They hoped to challenge the Spanish authorities and win better
conditions.
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
THE CAVITE MUTINY
Rafael Isquierdo (Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines)

- He believed it was influenced by liberal ideas from Europe and


that some Filipino intellectuals and priests, like Fathers Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora, were behind it.
- Izquierdo thought this uprising was part of a wider conspiracy to
overthrow the colonial government, leading him to crack down
on suspected rebels and impose harsher policies.
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
THE CAVITE MUTINY
Jose Montero Vidal (Spanish Historian)

- shared Izquierdo's view but provided more detailed support for


the idea that the mutiny was part of a broader nationalist
conspiracy.
- Montero Vidal’s account emphasized that the mutiny was not
just a small protest but a serious threat to colonial rule and
played up the danger of Filipino nationalism
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
THE CAVITE MUTINY
Pardo de Tavera (Filipino Scholar and Patriot)

- the Cavite Mutiny was primarily a reaction to the unfair treatment of


Filipino workers and soldiers, not a nationalist conspiracy. He argued
that the main cause was the withdrawal of privileges for Filipino soldiers
and workers, like exemptions from paying taxes and forced labor.
- According to Tavera, the Spanish authorities exaggerated the mutiny's
significance to justify their oppressive rule. He believed that the Spanish
government used the mutiny as an excuse to suppress growing Filipino
intellectual movements and patriotism, such as those expressed by the
Gomburza priests.
RETRACTION OF RIZAL
Retraction – a statement saying that something you
said or wrote at an earlier time is not true or correct.

ACTIVITY 03.
Do you think, Rizal retracted or not?
Write a 70-100 words essay about your point of view.
Rizal’s Reasons for Retraction
1. To save his family and town from further persecution
2. To give Josephine a legal status as his wife
Arguments against the Retraction
1. The document of retraction was kept secret.
2. The retraction information was published late that could be
unauthenticated.
3. The request of Rizal’s Family to have the original or copy of
the retraction was denied.
Possible proof of the Retraction
1. His “Roman Catholic Marriage” to Josephine Bracken as
attested to by “witnesses.” There could be no marriage
without a retraction.
According to some sources, Father Vicente Balaguer, a Jesuit priest,
claimed to have officiated a religious ceremony between Rizal and
Bracken on December 30, 1896, the morning of Rizal's execution. Father
Balaguer's account states that two guards acted as witnesses to the
ceremony, though he did not record their names.
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
• The cry of Balintawak (Sigaw ng Balintawak/Grito de
Balintawak) was the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896 which eventually
led to Independence of the country in 1898.
• The turning point when the Filipinos finally refused
Spanish colonial dominion over the Philippine Islands.
It describes Andres Bonifacio saying, “bring out your
cedulas and tear them to pieces to symbolize our
determination to take up arms!” and shouting “Long live
the Philippines!”

ACTIVITY 04.
Write a 70-100 words essay on the significance of the
Cry in Balintawak (Pugadlawin) in Philippine History.
The Cry of Balintawak also known as The Cry of Pugadlawin has
been the subject of many controversies.
The main focus of controversy is the date and place where Andres
Bonifacio (and the Katipuneros) cry. There were five dates for the
Cry, August 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 and five different venues for the
first cry. Balintawak, Pugadlawin, kangkong, bahay-Toro, and
Pasong Tamo.
Primary sources of the raging Controversy of “The Cry”
➢ Dr. Pio Valenzuela (August 23, 1896)
➢ Santiago Alvarez (August 24, 1896)
➢ Guillermo Masangkay (August 26, 1896)
THANK YOU!

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