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32 viewsCsa Unit-2 Notes
Computer structure and architecture full notes ,easy way of learning
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ll0921647Copyright
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/ 15
UNIT Slructure of Compudéns +
| Base pe canis ofa Computer .
[inevt] i. |
Lofmenny |
joss) [ed
By Moiese CPV ALD RBLD
| Bus! ot lear usive = Communtaction pat ‘blo 4wo
| © move clevices cunile.
Loput_unit + whidh enters the data ch the tye
cand proce the lata according 4p the fnitinehine
| Pa Leyboardl, frye
| oulpul ent + oulpul devices awe uted to lity
Ec ond used > vind the Proceing data to
[she wert.
|&x pointer emonitby, CRD Ceetthod rary tbe, Aiea).
Memnoyt Oh ty a ovecre Aeulee which chr |
the daty .
| Manion 4% divided Inh 9 types
|
|
Oprtrany Memory: fur 2AM, kom
@ serondany Memon: eu Hawal dist, tang. |
OpHeal Alec, meqnete dsc, lave oathmele ard jal unit ot t pork hems
| asithmetic operations Abe Ur cre) and |
logical operations tke (Ano. o8; NOT) (v.19 |
“conte! unit:
| contvel Unit ts uted 4 coordinate the operabioy
| eb the. Inpubolp sremoey, AWW fnseme vont.
Coordinates the eperation of all the terits, contiot
Shyrals Mee Hering sire
[| tthadng gral arte the ‘grail cletermbbg the! tne
i ee a gyven action mut tke Place.A lavgeet
| ob corel Hines tines cwiiler the ies sad
| Yan” Nerume \rnann
Aychitedure
The most fmporlant Feature tthe! wow) :
Neiman “Archi#edure the ” mero “holly the ~
| pth” dake end program’:
Helng and syriranijeton of creek al ct
-|the concept of strky tah cate and pregram |
a memory & called van slerumann, Architect
©} fy 1445 ,the Stlentht van Nerumann. stated |
the Concept » So the hame yen as vann
pose, Archi tertiuve..
Conpster Hypa: |
= core larsiiled bared on age, Speed |
procetitng of data , power.
=| Computers aste, mainly tr types.
on
{
2+ Maly dame computer |
3+ Mii | Compufen 2
St Meow compuler/ p.¢ (peitenal ‘Computer) |
eo enpchr a ee e
this the raost) tact” she teh ard malt | poet
| computou hthe! word
ia conyis of! thouianda's? | amtore proeys-
| cb cout ot fitpe icompukou ' canbe! wpti i
billion olellars-
tt h the biggest fy Hye and Hb wed to
Perfonn Complen tak.)
Sy
|
Blue Gene, Road munnan,) deep) blue. de tte) a ————
“The eal tengh TT eonapa compubesr fy cuwal
ist merinny 856M. prrcesting Hpeed |
6, ooo MIPS (million fnskuchbry pet see)! |
“prpleadtona of super Cormpcton
Mini Computers ¢
. ‘Cf convisls Sa of! more Proceitors, and ft ly more
povoettul than’ mleovo computer or) devtop comp
Mle computers can survive. upto, several |
hundeveds | of Connedtea! Computer sree
+ [ak ts normally accened by users nth |
| perioral Computeru OF tosmtral o /
fa: prime 955, Hp3000, asvon
» ptamic research
- eatked derigqn
» Sclentite opplicadions
@ Maln- Brame Compaen :
|
Te word length of mini Compulens is ae
«Pre eeting
| eyetestionu':
+ OF eo lange Computer th tesdins of pau
cand pre. ee
|e Consiyh of musttiple precenoy, it is ale
pooch than mini computen.
sh ’s Speelalty derigred to peste, cruultiple task
(doc rutiple wou ehrmuttaneouale:
| Toms -mo , nec 610, Dec'y0
: |™ coord length of Mec Le urheu bt
memory fh: tg Me bpescesting ‘Speed 20 tvs1v0 Mites
|epelcadora: q ii
Ho Mion Conpulenn or) Pe
a He] |. et Tse cometti: of + tonky one’ Ceu. available in ltt
Shapes andi ze -+
+8 can we only: Rrgte Wot
lex: Dektop. php. ij 4
«he voorl lengtn of lowe fs jaa
memory bs .64me « Pamenting welche sups
Brel
leer purmve Caluletions tn des
Moeneel - |
ng ah) ted datin: ocusun tat
_ ficlinet. f
Sr
aay swula fi aE an
®) Bus Sus eet Ahad comedy fie Ahree oddvem Mme th reapuived Weld cloaking,
+ pub Rein vakien covipul byidern. al ) corde! oust ohh able dlvectonal ushich cade, |
y \ ) devices ust Ne
i ee eshre [re can itvanifer abtEC 10) ie nd - aa aaa Ho perbberals 4
J ‘ " peripherals oY.
“oun antes lis ode conkol Infrme rll Sipoals Nhe memany mad fale an
ig) ape of easel food [urthe: | i
| baba bus aq
2-Addrews bud Ss
oo of Bus efructures:
{ + Single cBus shucks 2) mulbious structure.
|
[2 Confl bud a _ zl)
[0] nafs emis ot ha bavi 0 ob sales th
le fy dada Sebormation bit rom pTICeoy “|
j
|
1
|
|
i
! ie Pls devices (or) the devices 4 proved, |)| |) —— Ses |
| [Erp deuloes & also Caled peripheral deitie| | |) P* ae ten i at cade |
[© aktren tu: Gha ccceorad BY re oxic
7 Mave dab Inteuctlen, bly 260 4 peiheat ac} || ara sal
[ (Pp te dbs meta] Sor nd
| ae Bu OEE a Unde declined uohidR a | |e Speed ob sf bus shuatine
| addvem Information biti dom
preci | ||) eel ob tingle bus shri be le
1 | pentehita: N sre gg i oy es Bgl but sti chive tbo
* Addon Bus-wstath deleembnei the maghauin’| | |) MS ESOL ceplvemant ty
cmemony Capacity. sie :
(ME Paddveutne sbi hen) |] SAN ou shucks 69
ake memory Hie na ot, : Tae - soa Bus gruchure +
:
F
E f [a npplicadion wlhwane:
a |The = po fwane helps to do 4 speci tic tre of
[work Called Application rotware .
ou Ms word Ms- excell ele
|
|
le speed of aroaf bus shruclie 6 Move:\ 4 |
[the Complenthy of a ony bw. euctuve Kk more!
+} The cost of 9 wary but abruclive fs bly
| te ee ee wy be PR
# salhowe: i
“/sobtoae ba sebob thetruclions of seb o tml
| wolhomre ts thed part ofa Compiler whieh 103]
| annet be touched. 4
A sohuore tel a comyilen wolabtade 4 boo oe i
| Yee of sohoore:
i 4. system Software
bofe Arelcaen reffwore 1
1 sexo) :
{age Sv: i . ‘
+|Chisa sufvane sa ed 40 provide erty |
Ic cthex softoore : By Hes snd Stine
Ex eperafl cael ne SARARI Ye GL || a eal Ramer
Nauta ae [eons cere eo ee — x ; 1
Advankages + raat | | a 1 eo aera
Lampnved porbrrane | * Enkeread pevtlerom’ “| ony veebechig and comeicg: cele” |
Sorypoed performance’! | hen the agit’ fob tn' tte, btnnf Aebin Hany-
+ Hig aheugh pat See anitted) HTD One place t ancther’ place’ thé enor
Dlieckuardages :
: 4 oy
«| 8 bnifero Cdadled ~ | "SOWA comply
selec cro le ditfeat, |" Nighrawer Consumption , j
«Multiple Faukirg |
|
je
| enor detecting coder :~
“hen the dlphal Snflrmation is the Heng tims | they one a Apes :
| & Fanimilled. dvm: oe cage sare Wa. seu bac, oe :
i jon emer wing oct Aue ty proence noted | «| cetly pas ot 4. oo qike bear td
+) at mean 0 char may charges ch 2 oy”
i | 4 mey charges ho. it
+ |p orders’ deted! end cmd: thue even:
{ (we ase wag” ‘emor defecting + correcting’ odes
gar fy Acer dleteding Fi correctng Ox
{!
ia)
with Linany metiage ey, Uinany lati ao make |
[doe noe? “shes even or odd ard.checRed at te!
recel ing ord dy the emer.
\
t
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*) Rasy ot
| BR an ealia bit, he exba bk krelided with
| | etosuy Monege ce make the noch a's ether
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The metiage thilldting she pasty & trarmmitted
oat behing she pe
cand checkecl od the wecelving end shy the
emors
22 |
The added bit! Howl)
x aid bo-oa Lehr |
Trake athe thtal ng-ot ones | |
sinh wag coud § \
|: @ old posty :
fn odd pasty the added bit shod make the
| det nosed one and edd) amount.
&. ooololo.
mia novel: Voieidte, so viblsiedd pastity
a bit Reape
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(som Nad she vo-ef panity, E bike ci reaped
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tinea nine
iQ Zoxypy |
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A
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ant 2'2 a atey |
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othe sbi daa 10
trambted Aigttel tb the recdver ab the
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| | fied dhe any ones erm | 4p
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iv
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ened parity
potty Bo even Pasiity the addled vit
totad hook 4% and even |
bit are 2 types +
zodd parity
wd mote the
ad pastty: fn, odd 1Pasttti the
ould make the tt) nosot) 4)
odded bit
sy odd arreunt-
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a
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© exponent
@ Mantissa
EEE stavlecl fmt saree b
Eiemx2®
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me Ey git
(S58 eipra entaon.
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where mb
he ob enpenint ele
to pare
MBI eeegerieli:
syn etbit 2
‘exponent « wells ' ;
41023, Mankse 252
— ueduve for 2a-bits , ou-Lit epreieifation +
acer
Zo convert glen number inh binesey number
_, Wattle dy Normalize the no- be torte “hy
Met Peee hal.
steps Wr? Witte tn sacblt and cu-uit Tern |
wepoend (i2s4-125)), th 32-bit oy -Lit! wepresertetion |
alizsa Sebibe as
2|e2a-! =
2[ziart Oras x25 025,70
a\ist->
O-asx2,5.0:5-0
s\ae-1
3q-0 osxae isl
eftact ~ >(0e1)
4-1
at
are Cooutol ot}
+"? => Cooottol oll}
2
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Ht le x gt
sym -o
| Expovunk Ce!) = Et 125
SAvtiate Bt |
2 [ys
ales —!
io verge ot exponent fs ele er lors
atey 31 bo ae 1
ale — f e |
“4 3. a [fe Voooloo! poinoretnreonst |
: |
ates " ———
sm ebil ;
2-0 F bib. \
=o 2a bits |
= tooo o0) Cassq les)
ona. x2 7026-0
0-25 X22 0-570
o-sxa ein}
= 00)
oot),
As OOIMDIONOO1X ale
! EAM x2&
sine
| Expevent = E4125
ro — ea
= a oN
(V0 01 \
1.000100! xl : 1 \
a rmx 2&
i 0
exponent
- E+
= yates!
(Olagx 220.250
=o
Represent (19.125), th sarbit gycbit
39a- bit t-
|
E
Part DISK as0as 9
sCe= F
Tes 0-26 %2* o.g—0 F
are osxae 1-4
1-0
= 00)
~ tooo}
lot 1023 0-26K 220-5 —°
2 |voss ae
oe Osk2et
pe To ~l0v0!
r[ase-o = 004
ee = ({000rFo01) web |
Tea .
ee Asoootool x2, t
16-0 - yf
sth ve tre]
TEESE = 1000 povtovy stm <0
enponunk =e (028
= Uetlors = 102% aa" |
> [loam I |
ofa! |
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ete 8 SN eth 5
eles 2 ‘ f
2G Xe = poooovover agen tate
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Te
Regittes svanstes languege
Peggiter wrornydot
artthmebie riore operons
lope Mow
Li. rate onevadns
Paes memory “tanfeu
‘ Jey lan :
tugider tarster lngit9e
« Aspetlic relation wed do Specthy the Algital Byrn
b called wegister barutes language Cem).
+ Pv any to ob the compuleru the regiiten transter
language tan be “ured b describe the Cteaporec of)
Leperations.-
-apevabtors
Register Traniten ‘anguoge 2 1008
— A rymbalic language . 3
~ 6 convenient Jul fox destitbing the! ferred
ovganigation of digital comeiou. |
jen alte be wied ty ductile Ae design price
Lick Agi) epheins. seo este 2
x) Mior operations: :
| Bimgle digital aypteny ave drequndly ehorctospel
fn teams of
| athe wegiidens chad they pardons. Cora
Lethe opevediin that they perdi
_
the
a he
() Repitior transter “Alun, operations:
«erring the, Contents of one. veaiiter +h ancther |
+ 8 veghter tranttes bk Indicated ay
‘fe AHS Cate the confenty “Sb reaiten tare move
+A Mmultaneous | taniter
+ ae
| orm ioe
h wealten are Called!
|
|
hora operations:
gn built Inte vegies Cur entamiples of mn
operators — shitt :
vai — load
| = clesst
—inoement eh,
i. comptes rytem miuvo ~operations are ct types | |
|
Lu Regiter fronstor mien operations
2 Ayttsmelle : intero> operations
2: logte Mier —opeyations.
As thilt mlov-o peratfons.
Wa vegies vaniten «
| RaeeR
into wegiiter R
B ty the
is Phot this & 9 dértruetive 5 fe. the fanents
Ry
yeti Met bi orgy pel shen ea
feo Mfuyo~ operators « ~
[hes baile ‘Avthmedte
Milo operadlont me:
ob all bib “dram the souvee |
* destinativn) regen: Ra curing one cheepile
operations on the date In vegiton acca | 1 AAdiOn
| a+ sublvaction
3: Pnevement
Us Detrement
| -add osith copay
| = subtract esti bovew
= tranites /lood
oe
| spomany of Type bath mek Vion “operations «
Bet. Contents of Rt Kattrancteved to Rs |
+) Khe additonal asithmetic ‘miew-opevations ate 1
RS—ARs Contin of R— ki transfered tp Rs
| ee! Complement the Content of ba
PeLee nT “RY coniplelnt The tantent of ea lng) |”
| RscHRten Subbatton
(eyes) Bhorement
Rein), Bewrement,
brooke chreuit :
[$0 Unie. bo ole
Lote Oe uth principle | te iH erent ; logte: dunchions
e A] he othovincanbe created From corkistnatton ob tree
(on) ou Bence 3 |, 4 or em
8 ef 8) ocateti ||! Add woltheamy
1 eps Ata! Subbbvat with bor
' Bo pense'ti| subbrak
£Ou8 ° 9 l pea Transfera
Fe oee ae Bantee! Encvement! 4
| ia Reais oiertt Pecement A
\ si wif I . Tranter A’
Bray operations on the Strdngs of bib
fm veqrent ! |
toyfe Miororoperations ane bit-wlie operations,
fren Whey! work on the tndividual bit of dda.
that can be dened oven tuo Bhinamy Up var
Bir A Peck Gi Fy he 1919
0 Q20-4—1h Lit
1
oO
\
tPF
se oto 2S
°
°
oO
°
orl
+ Hoon moi Syitems enby Implement dour ck thine
AND (A) OR CY), XOK CB): tomplenend | Nov.
Aidt of logical Mloro-peations with otha» i
16 At erent lope operadtons ustth 2 bhany ven
Ln Ube} vant > 2 Richa
Truth tants He te uncon of 2 verbls ¢
the cove ponding Ww logie mwo-epecadtion,
ak Mlere OPEN Co irge oat saa pe
an ee tO oe eee
[jx oor] eodean | ter | tame | eee
\\ YO10L | Rmetion” | operation a
| | ;
\\ 0000 Reo clear ! oR
\| 0001 fexY ap xo
doto | fe xy! an she Complement
| mort: | Rye x! © | Manor | ——— eee
|| coro! | oes? | i. u _opeatons: :
|| olor liege y | FEB | resittes Frere He 3 4ypea, of hits
\; ono Fé= x®Y | F2 AGB | Encluvive or | loges! hid re
\} ot Fags ety le Ove ook [| |— ctvewtan shift
|| 100 at Nok | | mbthmelte stilt ;
\| 1ool txduriversme) TH | pat clfflerenHates them b the Iabthat ges
| Gompleiner | fete the seal ypu
I oT La chith “oferad f
covplerniaba:j | “ARE i Sods od
s SORES L
ue koan | Lp Deep [+
ears ‘i Peal ts sek dealt a4] | [+ 8 Jet UNH operation: ses
; y
Hordusosie Implementation bogie lew epoca D+-O44]44 a
a Tegel ah
. fo byicad shill the sen j sd athe st & 90.)
f i r x ‘OP:
a ete bw eal aH steve =
rilt
epevadion ®
D-L-FJ-F°D-a=
lo lelt oe IRL opevation + 5
sail, “O44 ee
Ae a gil Dt anitel language the fel
| | wolation bh ered
fm shh dav a. legfea ahath el
— shy hv toyfeal shih wight
|e
jo sya 7
}. > wy
+ Racchrey
Rs ees
— Spe
bal eaulest abst t
*) a0 a lela sh the sertal “put b the i dab
ie CF Be
jw "Re ‘
1 hae aL es
- yAlbmetis A ith ara
*
an lelk axdthenetic Sh. Operation. must le chad
7 the. overtlosw fi
bev
a0 4 RTL he Frlowirg. notation ty ‘oil vemt 5
ash! fv an arithmetic shift left
aBhY Foy an arithmetic. seit right
AS + Rae athy Ra
Ra
