National University – Manila

College of Architecture
M. F. Jhocson St., Sampaloc, Manila

CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR
CASA CRISTOBAL LEGAZPI

Submitted to the faculty of

College of Architecture
In partial fulfillment for the
requirements for
Specialization 1: Heritage Resources Studies

Alcalde, Louie Jay

Barbin, Marhixcen
Herrera, Ivhy
Martin, Gabriel Angelo
Paras, Rhindel John
Ramirez, Fatima
Villavicencio, Rave
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Table of Contents: Page number

I. Introduction 3

II. Review of Related Literature 4

a. Local Literature 4

b. International Literature 7

III. The Study 9

a. Physical Evidence 9

a.1. Physical Survey 9

a.2. Photographic Survey 9

a.3. Description 11

b. Oral Evidence 11

c. Documentary Evidence 14

d. Historical Summary 16

e. Discussion of Significance 17

f. Significance Arising from the Historical Development of the Place 17

g. Social Significance 19

h. Architectural and Aesthetical Significance 20

i. Townscape Significance 20

j. Technological Significance 21

k. Interior Spaces of Significance 22

IV. Micro and Macro Site Analysis 24

a. General Site Profile 24

b. Site Profile 25

b.1. Site Plan 25

b.2. Streetscape 26

V. Translation 30

a. Floor Plans 30
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b. Elevation 31

c. Perspectives 32

d. Morphology (Conditions Assessment) 32

e. Fabric Survey 33

VI. Recommendations 35

a. Group’s Recommendation 35

VII. Appendices 36

Appendix A: Photographs

Appendix B: Maps and Streets

Appendix C: Survey Table and Chart

Appendix D: Plans
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I. Introduction

Casa Cristobal Legazpi, located on San Sebastian Street in Manila, is an important heritage house in

the Philippines that highlights colonial architecture. This impressive home reflects the artistic style of the

colonial period, connecting us to the Philippines’ rich cultural and historical background. Built in 1920, it

combines Filipino and Spanish design elements, showing the unique architectural style of that time. With its

large rooms, traditional Machuca tiles, and well-ventilated spaces, Casa Cristobal Legazpi reflects the

lifestyle and status of wealthy Filipino families from the early 1900s. Its location near San Sebastian Church

also shows its place in a once-affluent neighborhood.

This heritage site is essential for understanding the development of Filipino identity, highlighting

both the impact of colonial architecture and the lasting strength of Filipino craftsmanship. Casa Cristobal

Legazpi serves as a symbol of the elevated lifestyle and social status of the Filipino elite during the colonial

era, providing a glimpse into how architecture conveyed wealth, status, and cultural ties in the past.

However, in today’s rapidly modernizing city of Manila, heritage sites such as Casa Cristobal

Legazpi face numerous challenges. Urbanization, environmental degradation, and the expansion of

infrastructure threaten their preservation. This study is a comprehensive examination of Casa Cristobal

Legazpi’s historical, architectural, and cultural significance. It aims to contribute to the field of heritage

conservation by thoroughly documenting and analyzing this heritage house, thereby emphasizing the need

for protective measures.

This study highlights why preserving Casa Cristobal Legazpi is essential—not just as a piece of

history, but as a cultural landmark for future generations. It explores the deep history within the house, the

social and cultural context of its early residents, and the urgent reasons to protect it today. By increasing

awareness of the importance of heritage conservation, this paper emphasizes keeping a strong connection to

the Philippines’ past, building pride in architectural achievements, and advocating for the preservation of

cultural heritage amid modern urban development.

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II. Review of Related Literature

Local Literature

The Status of Islamic Heritage Preservation in The Philippines: The Sheikh Karimul Makhdum

Mosque Case

Sheik Karimul Makhdum is the oldest mosque in Southeast Asia and in the Philippines. The mosque

was declared by National Historical Institute as a National Historical Landmark, a National Cultural

Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines, and a National Shrine by the Senate. The site, which

was the entryway to Islam in the pre-Hispanic Philippines, has played a crucial role in the cultural

advancement of the country and has held great significance in the construction of the Islamic legacy there.

The mosque had gone in several rehabilitations over the years from being a four cornered single-storey

wooden structure to a white cubic hall surrounded by outer pillars and arcades. Rehabilitations took place to

replace organic and temporary materials that is inevitable from deterioration, because of influence of designs

from other countries, and destruction due to invasions. Though the mosque underwent several

reconstructions, its pillars that was discovered to be made in the 17 th century is still preserved inside the

mosque.

Conservation initiatives were carried out towards the Sheik Karimul Makhdum using the country’s

protocol for heritage preservation. By the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2019, the mosque has been

protected from various threats of demolition and improper rehabilitation. The national government of the

Philippines and the local government of Tawi-Tawi played a significant role in preserving and protecting the

heritage site by recognizing the rich history of the site and by using laws.

The study discussed the challenges in the preservation of Sheik Karimul Makhdum and other

heritage of Islam in the Philippines. First is Lack of Unity whereas Muslims have never really shared a

meaningful historical experience, and Islam did not practice a systematic means to spread their doctrines

unlike the Roman Catholicism. Next is Political Issues which leads to a battle and causes the destructions of

structures and other important cultural artifacts of the community. Lastly is the Islamic Ethics which set
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them apart from other people by determining what is acceptable (Halal) or not. Conflicts occur when their

concept of sacred encounters western values.

The Heritage District of Malolos; Conserving Kamestizuhan Amidst the Threat of

Commercialization

Pariancillo was the original name of Kamestizuhan District in Malolos. It is the neighborhood

designed for the Chinese citizens of Malolos in the eighteenth century. It all began in 1755 when the

governor general issued an order for the Chinese to be expelled from the Philippines because they had taken

part in some conflict and revolt against the Spanish government. To be away from the Spanish Government

in Manila, some of them were moved to Malolos, which at the time was already a center for some Chinese.

The Malolos Pariancillo was created after the governor general ordered that municipalities outside of Manila

should create a distinct area for the migrants. (Estacio D. L., 2022)

President Joseph Estrada offered Malolos LGU a large budget in 1998 and assigned the Department

of Tourism, led by Gemma Cruz-Araneta, to restore Malolos Town Proper, including all the historic homes

and buildings in the town center. Historic ancestral homes that served as the first offices during the First

Republic are to be preserved by this offer. During the tragic and chaotic period, Malolos was plagued by

turmoil over politics, distrust issues between governing parties, the Cityhood issue, and everyone's attention

was on the impending election. Because the council failed to reach a consensus, the DOT returned the

budget to the National Government for the 1999 year-end audit. In the subsequent year (2000), Vigan's

municipal council and mayor approved the DOT's diversion through a municipal resolution. Vigan has

succeeded where Malolos failed. Thus, the Heritage City of Vigan was created. With the help of the

government, the love of history, and the combined efforts of the people, the stunning heritage buildings and

structures have been restored, leading to their inclusion in UNESCO and, eventually, their designation as a

World Heritage City. (Estacio D. L., 2022)

According to the comparative research by Estacio D. L., Malolos has issued three ordinances since it

was designated as a heritage zone in 2001, but unlike Vigan and Iloilo, it has no IRR. In the Kamestizuhan

Heritage District, there are also only two heritage structures with the Markers of the Philippine National
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Historical Commission and only eleven heritage structures with municipal markers erected. This is because,

in the past, officials from local governments turned 50% of the property into commercial use because they

believed that heritage conservation was not profitable, leaving the historic buildings in risk of being

destroyed.

The study also found that the strategy of Silay giving 100% tax exemption and of Iloilo giving 50%

for heritage structures owners who properly maintain and adaptively reuse their property is effective and

beneficial for the conservation of heritage structures. The Triple Helix approach was also proven to be

effective in preserving a cultural heritage. The study says that community alone is not enough for the

protection of tangible heritage properties. Instead, direct assistance from the local government in creating

ordinances for heritage protection is a greater help as well as the academe that plays an important role in

providing scholastic research for heritage conservation.

Maintenance Plan for The Heritage Houses of Batanes, Philippines

Homes constructed in the tropics must deal with the local and contextual factors. This is the situation

with Batanes, Philippines' heritage houses. The homes are nevertheless vulnerable to natural disasters like

earthquakes and powerful typhoons, which can destroy some of the existing homes. The constructed legacy

of Batanes is constantly deteriorating due to a variety of factors, including weathering and the entrance of

modern amenities from the mainland. In the previous two years, there was a strong sense of patrimony in the

area, and the Ivatans have been working to save the houses. (Ar. Jose Ignacio, 2008)

The primary principle of conservation efforts in Batanes may be preventive maintenance. Less

intervention and maximum retention are thus expected. Restoring a historic building's structural, cultural,

and aesthetic characteristics requires minimal effort. As a preventative measure, maintenance can be used as

the process of keeping a home in livable condition. This can be done methodically based on thorough

analyses of the current situation. Old buildings eventually get to the point where they are modified when

regular maintenance is not carried out, or it is not carried out correctly or at all. The quality of

implementation relies on effective education campaigns that address the extent of deterioration and stop it
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from happening frequently. Preventive maintenance, therefore, if carried out on a regular basis, guarantees

the preservation and future deterioration of Batanes' historic homes. (Ar. Jose Ignacio, 2008)

International Literature

Assessing Conservation Approaches for Sustaining Heritage Buildings: A Case Study of Ipoh Old

Town, Perak, Malaysia

This case study offers insights into the effectiveness of conservation strategies using Ipoh Old Town,

a historic town with many heritage buildings. Over time, some of these structures run the risk of losing their

identity and authenticity because they have been altered or are still abandoned despite conservation efforts.

Maintaining the aesthetic value of heritage buildings depends critically on the sustainability of conservation

strategies. Only five heritage buildings in Ipoh Old Town were chosen and studied in this research due to

accessibility and openness for data collection. The structures are St. Michael Institution, Masjid India

Muslim, Pa Lo Ku Miao, Masjid Panglima Kinta, and Masjid Kampung Paloh. (Hashim, N. H. N., et. al.,

2024)

Thus, to preserve these valuable structures, the research study focuses on heritage building

conservation initiatives. The purpose of the research is to investigate conservation strategies for heritage

building preservation. Conservation initiatives show a dedication to extending the life of historic structures

while adhering to environmental standards. Restoration, preservation, rehabilitation, adaptive re-use,

rebuilding, and any combination of these are all included in conservation approaches. Historical and cultural

aspects now play a major role in determining conservation strategies for heritage buildings because of the

architectural distinctiveness of these structures. (Hashim, N. H. N., et. al., 2024)

In conclusion, the paper discusses the different techniques, materials, and building procedures that

are employed in conservation projects that consider the distinctive architectural design of historic structures.

The chosen heritage buildings in Ipoh Old Town exhibit four (4) of the six (6) conservation approaches:

preservation, restoration, reconstruction, and rehabilitation. However, the adaptive reuse strategy is thought

to be inappropriate. Building owners are not aware of the significance and purpose of conservation rules,
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according to the assessment of guideline compliance. The study emphasizes that, mostly due to present

demands, all the chosen heritage buildings in Ipoh Old Town have had extensions and changes made to

increase their capacity. Implementing conservation measures has been found to be challenging for the

following reasons: (i) lack of experience; (ii) difficulties locating original materials for replacement; and (iii)

budgetary limits, with the latter being the biggest obstacle. (Hashim, N. H. N., et. al., 2024)

Conservation of Historical Cultural Buildings in Indonesia and Vietnam

The purpose of the research is to examine the Dutch colonial era historical heritage structures in

Vietnam and Indonesia, which were originally French colonies and need to be preserved due to their

historical, scientific, educational, religious, and cultural significance. The problems are (1) The preservation

of historical and cultural heritage structures in Indonesia; and (2) the preservation of cultural heritage

structures in the Kota Lama Semarang region. In this study, a qualitative method is employed. Classifying

the data for each aspect, compiling and organizing it, and then qualitatively interpreting and explaining it are

the steps of the researchers in the analytical process. (Mashari, et. al., 2021)

According to the study's findings, the protection of historical buildings and cultural treasures in the

former Dutch colony is comparable to that which took place in the former French colony of Vietnam. To

prevent damage and alter the original use of buildings, the preservation process involves protecting,

developing, and maintaining these historic cultural heritage structures. The goal is to preserve and promote

historical cultural heritage buildings in Indonesia, particularly in Central Java, which is situated in the city of

Semarang and the Kota Lama Semarang area. The street names and the buildings have been restored to what

they were in Dutch era. French cultural heritage structures are preserved and developed via constant care,

maintenance, and repair; the Thien Mu Pagoda, for instance, is now renowned for its distinctive Vietnamese

cultural features. Cultural heritage buildings in the Kota Lama Semarang region are being conserved as part

of the country's cultural heritage. Cultural heritage buildings should be managed responsibly and

sustainably; thus, it is important to assess their significance to choose the best course of action. To create

cultural heritage building products with values and advantages for the community and to create a model for
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the preservation of community-based cultural heritage buildings, the preservation of cultural heritage

buildings is done in phases. (Mashari, et. al., 2021)

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III. The Study

a. Physical Evidence

a.1. Physical Survey

Casa Cristobal in Quiapo, Manila, is a historical building with significant architectural and cultural

importance. It features a blend of colonial and modern influences, characterized by:

Facade: The exterior typically displays traditional Filipino design elements, with wooden windows and

intricate detailing. they put some iron sheets in the gate just to add some privacy and it has lot of plants

outside,

Interior: Inside, the floor is made of Yakal wood which add more durability and sustainable in ang climate.

you can find spacious rooms, high ceilings, and wooden floors, reflecting its historical roots. and some it's

interior are adaptive reuse. they put some small cafeteria. it has lot of paintings and vintage stuffs that help

to add value of itself.

Structure: The building is often noted for its durability and use of local materials, showcasing Filipino

craftsmanship. the roof was made in Belgium. it has durability that can sustain in any climate with just

proper treatment and proper maintenance.

Surroundings: Located in a Quiapo area, it’s surrounded by various shops and cultural sites, contributing to

its vibrant atmosphere. like of the famous structure which is the San Sebastian church that serves as a

landmark.

a.2. Photographic Survey

Facade: Captures the unique architectural details, including windows, doors, and the overall structure.
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Interior Spaces: Photos of rooms, hallways, and any preserved historical elements like furniture and decor.
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Architectural Details: Close-ups of decorative elements, moldings, and materials used in construction.

a.3. Description

Casa Cristobal Legazpi in Quiapo, Manila, shows off traditional Filipino architecture that mixes Spanish

colonial and local styles. The building has strong concrete walls and sturdy wooden beams for support. The

floors are detailed with Yakal wood, and some steps are made of durable granolithic stones. Machuca tiles

are used for the interior floor of Casa Cristobal. The roof is usually made of iron sheets from Belgium. The
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windows were replaced with jalousies to improve airflow and let in more light. Casa Cristobal is regularly

restored using materials and methods from its original time period to preserve its heritage. By focusing on

keeping the ancestral home in good condition, its strong structure is maintained, and its beauty is preserved,

showing Manila's cultural history. Skilled workers and regular upkeep have played a key role in ensuring

that the home's historical charm remains for generations to come.

b. Oral Evidence

The researcher’s visits to Casa Cristobal Legazpi yielded significant oral evidence, mostly from Mr.

Legazpi has interesting information about the history of the family village, which is more than 100 years

old. He emphasized that 90% of the raw materials of this building, only 10% were modified for maintenance

purposes. When Mr. Legazpi went on a journey of constant cleaning, he recommended a YouTube video

showing the inside of his home, giving us an additional source for our documentary. The exterior of the

building is white and has a corrugated metal roof. There are three decorative panels on the wall, with carved

patterns of vines and scrolling leaves. The panels are made of light wood and attached to the wall with white

paint. The window frame is made of white wood, black iron with a rotating design. The iron bars are a

symbol of the home's heritage and reflect a time when security was a priority. A corrugated roof is one of the

characteristics of old houses, which is a sign of the age and history of the building. This photo shows a

building with a rich history and a unique architectural style. Decorative panels, although innovative in

design, reflect the homeowner's desire to blend past and present and create an elegant and comfortable

space. The exterior of the building evokes nostalgia and a connection to the past. The grill has a circular

design and is decorated in the middle with two letters "E" and "M" inside. The letters may be initials and

may stand for "Emilia Maglalim" indicating that these initials are the owner or person of the traditional

house. All of them are beautiful and unpretentious and show a house with a rich history and fascinating story

behind it. The door is made of black wrought iron, with a geometric design and flowing lines. The design of

the door is reminiscent of the Art Deco style that was popular in the early 20th century. The door is

decorated with ornaments. The gate is an important cultural heritage because it shows the art of the period

and gives an insight into the history of the area. This door may be part of a larger or larger building, and its
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presence adds value and importance to the heritage of the area. This photo shows the underside of a wooden

roof, possibly part of the "entresuelo" or second floor built above the first floor. The type of wood is a

combination of Narra and Yakal, both of which are known for their length and rich color. The roof is of

wooden planks, probably on supporting beams. The floors show signs of age and wear, as does a solid, well-

constructed roof. The image reflects the past and shows the remains of the beautiful tile floor. The intricate

patterns and vibrant colors of the tiles indicate a period of craftsmanship and attention to detail. The fact that

these tiles were recovered and reused in a new floor shows respect for the past and a desire to preserve a

piece of history. It's likely that the original floor was damaged, perhaps due to a typhoon as mentioned, and

the owner chose to elevate the floor while incorporating these beautiful tiles as a tribute to the past. The

position of the old tiles with the more modern surroundings creates a fascinating contrast, highlighting the

enduring legacy of these intricate designs and the resilience of the owner in preserving a piece of their

heritage. The image captures a scene of a beautifully set table, showcasing a blend of antique and modern

elements, reflecting the owner's appreciation for both the past and present. The centerpiece of the table is a

stunning silver teapot, likely an heirloom passed down through generations. The intricate details and

craftsmanship of the set speak to a bygone era of quality and artistry. The gleam of the silver, despite the

passage of time, is a testament to its enduring beauty and the care it has received. Glass plates and glasses,

their simple design and shiny surfaces that reflect the light, add elegance to the table, complement the silver

collection and create a sense of flavors and traditions. The existence of these ancient objects in a modern

environment shows the efforts of the rulers to preserve their heritage and appreciate the art of the past. It's a

beautiful reminder that even in a world of throwaways, things that have stood the test of time are worth

cherishing.

Survey Results

Questions Yes No

Do you think there are enough opportunities for people to learn about our
6 3
community's history?

Do you feel connected to the history of this community? 8 1

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If you were given the chance to decide whether to renovate this structure,
8 1
would you agree?

Are you familiar with the background or history of this heritage building? 5 4

Do you think removing this heritage structure would have a significant impact
9 0
on your community?

Did you grow up seeing the heritage differently? 3 6

Do you know any stories or legends about this community's history? 2 7

What do you think we can make to become the heritage better?

Participant 1: “Yung pag educate natin sa mga kagaya niyo na students tungkol sa heritage natin dahil hindi

lang ito ang yaman ng Manila, yaman din ng Pilipinas.”

Participant 2: “Hindi ko alam eh, ayusin siguro yung mga nasira para mapreserved.”

Participant 3: “Education about our Heritage.”

Participant 4: “Mas ok kung mas maraming oras ang ilalaan sa pagtuturo ng kultura at kasaysayan ng bansa

sa mga paaralan”

Participant 5: “Mas kakalat ang gantong infomations tungkol sa heritage natin kung maglalabas ang mga

media networks ng content na nakafocus sa kultura at kasaysayan natin.”

Participant 6: “Ingatan ang ating heritage, wag basta basta ipagiba.”

Participant 7: “Iba padin talaga ang nagagawa ng kaalaman tungkol sa heritage na ito.”

Participant 8: “Pagtuturo sa mga bata tungkol sa heritage ng Manila.”

Participant 9: “Mahalin ang ating mga heritage buildings. Ipaayos kung kailangan at wag pabayaan”.

c. Documentary Evidence
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Front View (Photo by Louie Jay Alcalde)

This photograph captures the exterior of Casa Cristobal Legazpi, a heritage house located in Quiapo,

Manila. The image showcases the house's architectural features, including its white facade, distinctive

roofline, and the lush greenery surrounding the property. This photograph serves as visual documentation of

the researchers’ visit to Casa Cristobal Legazpi and contributes to the overall collection of evidence for the

documentary project.

Right Side View (Photo by Louie Jay Alcalde)

The second photograph provides a closer view of the house, highlighting the details of its facade and the

lush greenery that grows along its walls. This image further emphasizes the house's architectural beauty and

the integration of nature into its design. It captures a different perspective of the house, showcasing its

unique roofline and the surrounding neighborhood. This image provides a broader context for the house and

its place within the community.

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The Researchers and the Owner (Photo by Louie Jay Alcalde)

The third photograph captures the researchers standing in front of Casa Cristobal Legazpi, providing a

sense of scale and context to the house. This image also serves as a visual record of the team's visit and their

interaction with the heritage house, highlighting the vibrant pink bougainvillea flowers that add a splash of

color to the scene.

Interview Proper (Photo by Louie Jay Alcalde)

The fourth photograph captures the team inside Casa Cristobal Legazpi, engaging in a conversation with

the owner, Mr. Nicanor Legazpi. This image provides a glimpse into the team's research process and the

valuable insights gained from their interaction with the house's owner.

d. Historical Summary

Casa Cristobal Legazpi, a dwelling within the crowded streets of Quiapo, Manila, is more than just a

house because it is a living legacy of the rich history of the district and its vibrant spirit. The architectural
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gem is something more than a mere physical structure and has become a lively archive of what happened in

this community: the past, the present, and the future.

The house tells stories of yesteryears, connecting the present residents to their ancestors' lives, traditions,

and values. Its walls hold memories of family gatherings, community celebrations, and the spirit of a time

when traditions were deeply woven into the fabric of daily life. This connection to the past fosters a deep

sense of community identity and belonging, reminding residents of their shared heritage and the values that

have shaped their neighborhood.

The architecture of Casa Legazpi is a fascinating mix of Spanish colonial design and local adaptations,

testifying to the ingenuity of its builders in creating a structure that is beautiful and functional. Its elevated

structure, large windows, and gabled roof enhance its aesthetic appeal but provide practical solutions to the

challenges of the tropical climate. Indeed, the house bears a concrete base of some modern sophistication

that gives enough proof about the adaptation needed in passing through the changing world of things, but

basically, retaining its old value.

This makes it more interesting since, despite the very industrialized backdrop of Quiapo, the facade,

pecked by foliage, bespeaks of romanticism found at this place for so many years. Further adorning it are

religious iconography and traditional elements reflecting the area's cultural and religious heritage. The use of

the ground floor in a carinderia has revitalized this space because heritage structures could easily coexist

with the modern lives of the people, sustaining their economic value and relevancy while still retaining

historical character. This adaptive reuse is thus both contributing to the vibrancy of the neighborhood and

assuring that Casa Legazpi stays part of the shifting urban fabric of Quiapo.

e. Discussion of Significance

Casa Legazpi stands as a prominent visual landmark in Quiapo, a beacon of the area's rich history and

culture. Its presence serves as a constant reminder of Quiapo's past and its ongoing evolution, demonstrating

the neighborhood's ability to embrace change while preserving its cultural heritage. The house's

preservation not only protects its architectural and aesthetic beauty but also ensures that the stories and
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memories it holds continue to inspire and connect future generations to their heritage, ensuring that the past

remains alive in the present. Casa Cristobal Legazpi is a testament to the enduring spirit of Quiapo, a

neighborhood that has embraced change while preserving its cultural heritage. The house's preservation is

crucial for safeguarding Quiapo's cultural identity and providing a sense of continuity in a rapidly changing

city. Casa Legazpi stands as a vibrant symbol of Quiapo's heritage, demonstrating the importance of

preserving our history for future generations.

f. Significance Arising from the Historical Development of the Place

Casa Cristobal Legazpi, a heritage house located in Quiapo, Manila, stands as a landmark of the area's

history and resilient spirit. Importance comes from the historical development of this heritage house that

shows how the architectural styles of Quiapo, the cultural influences it went through, and how these heritage

houses adapt and evolve through time.

Blending of Architectural Style:

Casa Legazpi is a stylistic representation of the harmony in architectural styles and local adaptations

depicting diverse influences shaping the district into what it is today. This adaptation epitomizes the ability

of Quiapo to embrace change while retaining its special cultural identity.

Adaptive Reuse:

The conversion of the ground floor into a carinderia or small eatery is a great example of how the

house can easily fit into modern life. This innovative approach makes sure that the house becomes

economically viable while retaining its historical character, contributing to the vibrancy of the neighborhood

and ensuring that it remains an integral part of Quiapo's evolving urban fabric.

Visual Landmark:

This is one of the most impressive visual landmarks in Quiapo. It stands as an iconic symbol of the

area, showing the richness of the place's history and culture. Its presence reminds one of the pasts of Quiapo

and how it changes while still maintaining its essence of culture.

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Cultural Identity Preservation:

The preservation of houses in Quiapo is important to the retention of its cultural identity and to

provide continuity in the fast-changing city. It makes sure that stories and memories continue to be passed

on, inspiring new generations to connect themselves with the heritage of the place. It also makes sure that

the past lives through the present.

Historical Development:

The Casa Cristobal Legazpi says much about Quiapo's changing architectural landscape. Its Spanish

colonial influences of design include its elevation and big windows as well as gabled roofs. Being under the

rule of Spain in Philippines leaves an impression. Adding a concrete base reveals modernity to this

otherwise time-warped abode. This combination of traditional and modern architectural influences has given

the district a unique capacity to embrace change while it continues to represent the uniqueness of its cultural

identity. Ground floors have been appropriately transformed to be used as a carinderia, making the whole

house relevant to the modern use. This could keep the house economically and historically relevant; hence,

that is the vital contribution it might make towards keeping the neighborhood alive and a part of what

Quiapo is today with its essence of current urban fabric.

Casa Legazpi stands out as the most prominent visual landmark within Quiapo, a testament to the rich

history and culture that pervades that place. It is constant evidence of the past life of Quiapo and is an

expression of how change has come and is yet to continue to evolve and take hold of this neighborhood but

never forgetting its cultural values.

Conclusion:

The historic development of Casa Cristobal Legazpi symbolizes the transformation of Quiapo as the

district shows flexibility in changing but retaining its rich cultural values.

The architectural mixture, adaptive reuse, and ageless presence of the house as a visual icon makes it

more significant as an actual living testament to the resilience and indomitable spirit of Quiapo. Heritage
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structures such as these shall forever continue to protect the identity of Quiapo's culture while keeping its

rich history as inspiring as ever for generations and generations of its residents to come.

g. Social Significance

The Casa Legazpi heritage house serves as a reminder of the community's origins, offering a tangible

link to the collective memory of San Sebastian Street, Barangay 390. It contributes to Quiapo's pride,

promoting a sense of identity and belonging among residents. As shared by Mr. Nick Legazpi, the house is

imbued with stories of the past that reflect the lifestyles, values, and customs of earlier generations,

particularly his grandparents. Their lives, etched into the very walls and foundations of the house, are

preserved as a living narrative that speaks of a time when traditions were closely followed, and community

bonds were stronger. These stories are not just for those who lived there because they reach out to the wider

community, offering everyone a chance to experience and appreciate their history.

h. Architectural and Aesthetical Significance

The house blends Spanish colonial design with local adaptations, making it well-suited to the tropical

climate. Features like elevated structures, large windows with metal grills, and a gabled roof enhance

ventilation and offer protection from floods. The concrete base adds modern sturdiness, while the overall

design retains colonial-era charm.

Aesthetically, the house exudes a nostalgic charm, with its weathered facade and greenery contrasting

against the urban landscape of Quiapo. The religious iconography and traditional elements reflect the area’s

cultural and religious heritage, symbolizing Manila's rich history. Beyond its architectural qualities, the

house serves as a living testament to Quiapo’s cultural identity, preserving a link to the city's layered past

amid rapid modernization.

Adaptive reuse has also played a role in preserving the house’s relevance. Part of the ground floor has

been converted into a carinderia, a small eatery, blending heritage with everyday community life. This use

breathes new life into the space, allowing the building to remain economically viable while maintaining its
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historic character. The carinderia adds to the vibrancy of the neighborhood, ensuring that the house stays

integrated into Quiapo’s evolving urban fabric. It exemplifies how old structures can adapt to modern needs

while preserving their cultural and architectural significance.

i. Townscape Significance

The Casa Legazpi heritage house is an important part of Quiapo’s landscape. It serves as a visual

landmark that showcases the area’s rich history and culture. Its colonial-style architecture, along with local

design features, reflects how the neighborhood has developed over time and adds to its unique character.

The Burra Charter provides guidelines for preserving cultural heritage, stating that significant places

hold historical, aesthetic, and social value. Casa Legazpi follows these principles by keeping its original

architecture intact and helping the community connect with its past.

By preserving the house, Quiapo maintains its cultural identity and provides a sense of continuity in a

rapidly changing city. Casa Legazpi not only enhances the community’s visual identity and shared history

but also encourages people to engage with their culture. In this way, it acts as a lively symbol of Quiapo's

heritage, showing how important it is to keep our history alive for future generations.

j. Technological Significance

Building Techniques:

Traditional construction methods like post-and-lintel and timber framing can be seen in heritage

houses, showing us how people used to build homes in the past. These techniques were considered

innovative at that time. Learning about these methods helps us understand how early builders solved

problems like making houses strong, keeping them warm, and making them last a long time.

Material Usage:

Heritage houses usually use materials that are found nearby, such as wood, stone, and lime plaster.

By using these local materials, builders were able to show respect for the environment and make sure the

houses were built in a sustainable way. Studying these items helps us learn about how people in the past took
 23

care of resources and materials. In the past, some old homes used smart designs like tall ceilings, big

windows, and open layouts to stay cool without air conditioning. This shows how people used clever

building techniques to deal with the weather, even before modern technology.

Architectural Innovations:

Certain old houses have smart ways to stay cool, like tall ceilings, big windows, and open floor

plans. These were used to control the temperature way before air conditioning was invented. This shows

how people used building design to keep comfortable in different weather conditions.

Craftsmanship and Design:

The fancy woodwork, ironwork, or colorful glass found in old homes demonstrate the skills and tools

that craftsmen had back then. It shows how they made detailed designs without fancy machines.

Historical Tech Changes:

These homes were often changed over the years. They might show how people went from using oil

lamps to having electricity, adding indoor bathrooms, or early heating systems. These updates show how

technology slowly improved over time. am an expert in creating engaging content and will rewrite the

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k. Interior Spaces of Significance

Architectural Heritage:

The residence showcases traditional Filipino architecture, especially the Bahay Na Bato, merging

local and colonial Spanish elements. Its structure provides a glimpse into Filipino life and aesthetic values

from the 19th century. The incorporation of local materials and traditional Filipino design elements like
 24

capiz windows and wooden floors underscores the adaptation of architecture to the local environment and

lifestyle.

Cultural Identity:

As a family ancestral home, it encapsulates their lineage, history, values, and traditions that have

been transmitted through the generations. Its design highlights a fusion of indigenous and Spanish colonial

styles, showcasing the unique Filipino way of blending cultural influences—an essential aspect of Filipino

identity the house functions as a venue for cultural ceremonies, family reunions, and celebrations,

emphasizing the significance of community and family in Filipino life. The traditional Filipino art, furniture,

and artifacts present in the house highlight the region's rich artistic heritage, contributing to a collective

cultural story. The house serves as a storehouse of narratives and experiences, linking present and future

generations to their heritage and nurturing a sense of belonging and identity.

Preservation Efforts:

The continued preservation of Casa Cristobal underscores the significance of protecting heritage sites

from urban expansion and cultural erosion, highlighting the role of community initiatives in conserving

history.

Art and Artifacts:

The interior may include important artifacts, artworks, and heirlooms that create tangible links to

Filipino history and the personal narratives of its former inhabitants. It may also contain documents or

furnishings that shed light on the life and customs of that period, enhancing our understanding of Filipino

heritage and colonial experiences. and it may contain valuable heirlooms and artworks that symbolize the

family's past and the artistic heritage of the Philippines.

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IV. Micro and Macro Site Analysis

Casa Cristobal Legazpi, located in Manila behind the historic San Sebastian Church, is a notable

heritage building that has been converted for residential use. Originally built in the 1920s, the structure is

architecturally and historically significant, showcasing the Spanish colonial style that is common in the

Philippines. The two-story design is intended to blend with the existing architectural elements of the

neighborhood. Due to its historical importance, strict compliance with local heritage and zoning regulations

is enforced.

Because of its proximity to San Sebastian Church, a national historical landmark, it is essential to

adhere to heritage conservation standards to protect the cultural significance of the area. This profile aims to

document the key attributes of Casa Cristobal Legazpi, assisting stakeholders and researchers in recognizing

the site's importance in the realms of heritage preservation and urban planning.

a. General Site Profile

Casa Cristobal Legazpi is located in a lively area filled with interesting landmarks that show off

Manila's rich history and culture. One of the nearby places is the University of the East on Recto Avenue.

This popular school is not just about learning; it also brings a fun vibe to the neighborhood by attracting a

variety of students and visitors. The university really energizes the area and makes it feel more active and

exciting.

Not far from Casa Cristobal Legazpi is the famous San Sebastian Church, which stands out because

of its all-steel design and neo-Gothic style. This church is a major spiritual center for the local Catholic

community and also catches the eye of people who admire its unique architecture. Its historical importance

adds to the neighborhood's cultural character, making it an important place for both religious gatherings and

architecture enthusiasts.

Another important landmark in the area is the historic Nakpil-Bautista House on Bautista Street. This

house, dating back to the Philippine Revolution, offers a glimpse into the lives of families during a crucial
 26

time in the nation’s history. Visiting this site allows people to connect with the past and understand the

experiences that shaped Filipino culture.

Adding to the neighborhood’s appeal is the distinctive Ocampo Pagoda, which stands out among the

historical buildings. This pagoda reflects the eclectic history of the area and shows the variety of

architectural influences that have shaped Manila over the years. Its presence serves as a reminder of the

city’s diverse cultural background and the many stories that converge in this lively neighborhood.

Casa Cristobal Legazpi is also near several other heritage houses, some of which are either

abandoned or have been changed for modern use. This situation shows the ongoing discussion about how to

keep the past alive while also meeting today’s needs. These heritage homes, whether they need repairs or are

being creatively reused, highlight the challenges and opportunities of preserving Manila's cultural heritage.

By balancing urban development with respect for history, the area can grow while still showing off a mix of

the old and the new.

To sum up, Casa Cristobal Legazpi's location near these important landmarks not only adds to its

historical and cultural significance but also tells a bigger story about the area. It reminds us why it's

important to preserve our heritage, especially as cities modernize. Recognizing the connections between

these landmarks helps us appreciate our shared history and encourages us to protect it for future generations.

b. Site Profile

b.1. Site Plan/Analysis

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b.2. Streetscape
 28

San Sebastian Street

San Sebastian Street

 29

Bilibid Viejo Street

Bilibid Viejo Street

The street around Casa Cristobal Legazpi is mainly residential, giving it a calm and tight-knit

community vibe that stands out from the busier nearby areas. This quiet neighborhood comes to life with

local vendors who set up stalls along the street, offering a variety of tasty foods, from freshly cooked street
 30

snacks to traditional Filipino dishes. Their vibrant presence adds energy to daily life in the area, making it a

popular hangout for residents to enjoy the flavors of their community.

Also, the heritage house is conveniently located near a highway called Bilibid Viejo, which connects

to Recto Avenue. This good location makes it easy for residents and visitors to get around the neighborhood,

making it a great spot for community gatherings. The connection to Recto Avenue links Casa Cristobal

Legazpi to other important parts of Manila, allowing people to explore the rich culture and history of the city

beyond just this neighborhood.

The street is filled with heritage homes, each one showcasing a piece of Manila’s rich architectural

history and colonial past. These well-preserved houses, with their intricate designs and charming old-world

vibe, act like a living museum that tells the story of the area. One of the standout heritage houses nearby is

Casa Consulado, which beautifully highlights historical architecture. As a proud neighbor to Casa Cristobal

Legazpi, Casa Consulado is impressive with its elegant details and sturdy structure, reflecting the colonial

influences that have shaped the neighborhood.

All these heritage homes create a unique historical atmosphere, connecting people to Manila’s rich

past while adding to the neighborhood's character and importance. The combination of residential life, local

food vendors, and historic buildings, along with easy access to major roads, makes for a lively community

that values both tradition and everyday life. This setting not only celebrates the area's history but also

encourages people to engage with its cultural heritage, ensuring that both locals and visitors can appreciate

the richness of Manila’s past in today’s world.

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V. Translation

a. Floor Plans

b. Elevations
 32

c. Perspective
 33

d. Morphology (Condition Assessment)

Massing and Form

Casa Cristobal's multi-story, rectangular shape is typical of colonial Filipino-Spanish homes. This

small yet raised building was designed to optimize stability and airflow, taking into account the Philippines'

tropical heat and seismic terrain. Volada, or cantilevered balconies, are a design element that adds

equilibrium to the building's verticality while offering shade and extra space on the upper levels.

Roof Construction
 34

Typical of colonial design, the home has a steep, hipped roof with red clay tejas (tiles) on top. When

it rains a lot, this roof design effectively drains water and adds to the building's seeming symmetry. The wide

overhangs increase durability by shading the walls and shielding them from the sun and rain.

Layout of Space

The rooms are symmetrically situated on either side of a central hallway or open area, which is a

typical Spanish design element found in bahay na bato buildings. This arrangement makes it simple to get to

every area and promotes cross-ventilation, which is crucial in a tropical environment. The caida (reception

area) and semi-open hallways provide transitional areas between rooms, and windows and doors are oriented

along these axes to promote ventilation.

Ventilation and Openings

The upper levels include large, sliding capiz shell windows that are framed by latticework and calado

to improve light and ventilation. Diffuse light can enter the rooms through the capiz windows, lowering

glare while preserving privacy. The elaborate calado carvings on the transoms above doorways allow for

constant air circulation even when the doors are closed, which keeps the interior cool.

e. Fabric Survey

Framework for Structure

Local hardwoods, particularly Narra, and molave, which are valued for their longevity and inherent

resistance to pests, are used in the construction of Casa Cristobal. These materials, which provide a sturdy

framework ideal for the tropical climate, are typical of Spanish-era residences in the Philippines. Given that

tindalo wood is frequently used for beams and posts in historic buildings because of its strength and

beautiful grain, it might also be present.

Materials and Construction of Walls

 35

Traditional Filipino-Spanish building methods, particularly tabique pampango or bahareque, are

blended into the walls. These techniques create a flexible yet strong wall system that is resilient to seismic

activity by using bamboo slats covered with lime plaster. This construction method, which makes use of

locally produced bamboo and lime, exemplifies the adaptive and sustainable building techniques common in

Legazpi's traditional architecture.

Roofs

Like many heritage homes, the original roof was probably constructed using tejas, or clay tiles,

which were selected for their ability to withstand extreme weather conditions and their thermal qualities. In

order to maintain longevity and maintain the appearance, certain tiles may have been swapped out over time

for more contemporary alternatives. The Spanish influence on Philippine architecture is reflected in these

red clay tiles, which give the home a rustic, colonial character.

Flooring

The upper floors of Casa Cristobal have wide plank hardwood floors, which provide a cool, cozy

surface appropriate for the warm weather. In ground-level spaces, stone slabs are utilized to assist keep

interior temperatures steady. The combination of regional resources and Spanish colonial architectural tastes

is reflected in both materials.

Contemporary Interventions

Steel components and reinforced concrete may have been added to important structural points as part

of recent preservation efforts, particularly in reaction to local seismic activity. These renovations, which are

probably hidden to preserve the home's historic charm, increase structural stability while preserving the

building's original components.

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VI. Recommendations

Enhanced Heritage Preservation Efforts:

Given Casa Cristobal Legazpi’s architectural and historical significance, consider advocating for

local government policies that prioritize heritage preservation. Preservation efforts could focus on

maintaining original materials, such as yakal wood floors and Machuca tiles, which hold cultural and

architectural value.

Adaptive Reuse Development:

To ensure economic viability, adaptive reuse could be extended beyond the ground floor carinderia to

other areas, possibly incorporating spaces for cultural activities or small exhibitions that highlight Filipino-

Spanish architectural heritage.

Community Engagement:

Casa Cristobal Legazpi’s significance to the local community can be enhanced by developing

educational programs or guided tours in collaboration with nearby heritage sites like San Sebastian Church

and Nakpil-Bautista House. This could foster a stronger sense of local identity and increase public interest in

conservation.

Sustainable Urban Development Plan:

Due to its location within the rapidly urbanizing Quiapo district, recommend sustainable urban

planning that balances heritage conservation with urban development.

Promotion of Heritage Awareness:

Suggest partnerships with local schools, cultural organizations, and the tourism sector to develop

educational programs that showcase Casa Cristobal Legazpi’s history. This could help foster a broader

public understanding of the importance of preserving heritage sites.

These recommendations aim to balance preservation with modern needs, ensuring that Casa Cristobal

Legazpi remains a vibrant part of Quiapo’s cultural landscape.

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VII. Appendices

Appendix A: Photographs page

Façade Details ……………………………………………………………………………….9

Interior Spaces and Details…………………………………………………………………..10

Architectural Details…………………………………………………………………………11

Front View…………………………………………………………………………………...14

Right Side View……………………………………………………………………………...15

The Researchers and the Owner……………………………………………………………...15

Interview Proper……………………………………………………………………………...16

Appendix B: Maps and Streets

Site Analysis………………………………………………………………………………….25-26

San Sebastian Street………………………………………………………………………….26-27

Bilibid Viejo Street……………………………………………………………………………27-28

Appendix C: Survey Table and Chart

Survey Result…………………………………………………………………………………13-14

Appendix D: Plans

Ground Floor Plan……………………………………………………………………………30

Second Floor Plan……………………………………………………………………………30

Front Elevation………………………………………………………………………………31

Right Side Elevation…………………………………………………………………………31

Perspective…………………………………………………………………………………...32