MAT237 Multivariable Calculus with Proofs

Term Test 2
T. Janisse, C. Jonker, and A. Zaman
Released Friday January 14, 2022 at 13:00 ET
Submit Saturday January 15, 2022 by 13:00 ET

Instructions
Please read the Term Test 2 FAQ for details on submission policies, authorized resources, rules of conduct, how to
ask a question, test announcements, and more. You were expected to read them in detail in advance of the test.
• Submissions are only accepted by Gradescope. Do not send anything by email. Late submissions are not
accepted under any circumstance. Remember you can resubmit anytime before the deadline.
• Submit your solutions using only this template PDF. You will submit a single PDF with your full written
solutions. If your solution is not written using this template PDF (scanned, print, or digital) then you will
receive zero. Organize your work neatly in the space provided.
• Show your work and justify your steps on every question, unless otherwise indicated. Put your final
answer in the box provided, if necessary.
You must fill out and sign the academic integrity statement below; otherwise, you will receive zero.

Academic integrity statement

Full Name:

Student number:

I confirm that:
• I have not communicated with any person about the test other than a MAT237 teaching team member.
• I have not used any unauthorized aids at any point during the test.
• I have not viewed, participated in, or enabled any MAT237 group chat during the test.
• I have not viewed the answers, solutions, term work, or notes of anyone.
• I have read and followed all of the rules described in the Term Test 2 FAQ.
• I have read and understand the rules of conduct. I have not violated these rules while writing this term test.
• I understand the consequences of violating the University’s academic integrity policies as outlined in the
Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters. I have not violated any of them while writing this assessment.
By signing this document, I agree that all of the statements above are true.

Signature:

Question: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Points: 4 5 3 7 4 6 6 5 40
Score:
1. (4 points) The parts of this question are unrelated. No justification is necessary for any part.
Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )
(1a) Let F : !n → !m be a C 1 map. Fix a ∈ !n . Which statement is FALSE?
F (a + h) − F (a) − L(h)
There exists a linear map L : !n → !m such that lim = 0.
h→0 $h$
F (a + h) − F (a)
The limit lim exists.
h→0 $h$
The Jacobian of F at a exists and is an m × n matrix.
For v ∈ !n , Dv F (a) = d Fa (v).
None of the above statements are false.

(1b) Let A ⊆ !n be a set and let f : A → ! be differentiable on the interior of A. Fix a ∈ A.

Which statement is TRUE?
If ' f (a) = 0, then f has a local extremum at a.
If ' f (a) = 0 and a is an interior point of A, then f has a local extremum at a.
If f has a local extremum at a, then ' f (a) = 0.
If f has a global extremum at a, then ' f (a) = 0.
None of the above statements are true.

(1c) Let A ⊆ !n be a set and let f : A → ! be a C ∞ real-valued function. Fix a ∈ A.

Which statement is EQUIVALENT to “ f has a local maximum at a”?
∀x ∈ A, f (x) ≤ f (a).
∃! > 0 s.t. ∀x ∈ !n , $x − a$ ≤ ! =⇒ f (x) ≤ f (a).
∃! > 0 s.t. ∀x ∈ A, $x − a$ ≤ ! =⇒ f (x) < f (a).
' f (a) = 0.
' f (a) = 0 and H f (a) has only negative eigenvalues.
None of the above statements are equivalent.

(1d) The SOCK-O company sells two styles of socks: Artemis Anklets and Luna Low-Cuts. They are trying to
maximize their profit. They have determined that if they spend A hundreds of thousands of dollars on
Artemis Anklets, spend L hundreds of thousands of dollars on Luna Low-Cuts, and sell all of the socks
they produce, then they will achieve a profit of P hundreds of thousands of dollars. They know the
following facts about P:
• P is differentiable on {(A, L) ∈ !2 : A > 0, L > 0} and continuous on {(A, L) ∈ !2 : A ≥ 0, L ≥ 0}.
• The only critical points of P are (A, L) = (40, 15) and (A, L) = (12, 98).
• If A + L ≥ 100, then P ≤ 0. Moreover, P(40, 15) > 0.
What is the strongest possible conclusion that SOCK-O can make about the maximum profit?
They maximize profit by spending $4.0 million on anklets and $1.5 million on low-cuts.
They maximize profit by spending $1.2 million on anklets and $9.8 million on low-cuts.
They maximize profit by spending either $4.0 million on anklets and $1.5 million on low-cuts,
or $1.2 million on anklets and $9.8 million on low-cuts.
They can maximize profit, but there is not enough information to decide how.
They cannot maximize profit.
Nothing can be concluded since a maximum profit may or may not exist.

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 2 of 9 January 14, 2022

2. (5 points) The parts of this question are unrelated. No justification is necessary for any part.
(2a) Let f : !2 → ! and g : !2 → ! be C 1 real-valued functions. The graph below shows the gradient vector
field ' f (x, y) and the constraint curve g(x, y) = 237.

Label approximately where are the possible local extrema of f on the curve.

(2b) You are optimizing a function f : !3 → ! on the closed ball B = {(x, y, z) ∈ !3 : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 81}.
You have done many calculations and determined all of the following.
• f is C 1 on !3 .
• ' f (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0) if and only if (x, y, z) = (2, 3, 5), and (6, 6, 6).
• f (2, 3, 5) = 2022, and f (6, 6, 6) = −π.
• The only solutions to the system

' f (x, y, z) = (2λx, 2λ y, 2λz) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 81

are (x, y, z) = (9, 0, 0) with λ = −2 and (0, 9, 0) with λ = 3.

• f (9, 0, 0) = 137 and f (0, 9, 0) = 224
What is the maximum of f on B? Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )

2022 224 137 −π Not enough information to decide

What is the minimum of f on B? Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )

2022 224 137 −π Not enough information to decide

(2c) Let F : !3 → !3 be a C 1 map. Fix a, b, c ∈ !3 . You have computed that

! # ! # ! #
1 2 3 1 0 1 1 3 7
DF (a) = "0 4 5$ , DF (b) = "0 1 1$ , DF (c) = "2 3 7$ .
0 0 6 1 1 2 3 3 7

At which points is F a local diffeomorphism?

Fill in ALL boxes that apply. If none apply, leave it blank. (unfilled □ filled #)

□ a □ b □ c

Which statement is TRUE?

Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )
F is a diffeomorphism.
F is not a diffeomorphism.
There is not enough information to decide whether F is a diffeomorphism.

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 3 of 9 January 14, 2022

3. (3 points) The parts of this question are unrelated. No justification is necessary.
Fill in ALL boxes that apply. If none apply, leave it blank. (unfilled □ filled #)
% &
1 2 3 7
(3a) Let G : !4 → !2 be a C 1 function. Fix p ∈ !4 . Assume d G p (x) = x.
0 0 1 2

Based on this information, which of these four statements must be TRUE?

□ G locally defines (x 1 , x 2 ) as a C 1 function of (x 3 , x 4 ) near p.
□ G locally defines (x 1 , x 3 ) as a C 1 function of (x 2 , x 4 ) near p.
□ G locally defines (x 2 , x 3 ) as a C 1 function of (x 1 , x 4 ) near p.
□ G locally defines (x 3 , x 4 ) as a C 1 function of (x 1 , x 2 ) near p.

(3b) Let g : !2 → !. The curve below is defined by the equation g(x, y) = 0.

Four points A, B, C, D ∈ !2 are labelled on the curve.

At which of these points can x be described locally as a C 1 function of y?

□ A □ B □ C □ D

(3c) Eseosa wishes to prove that curve x 3 + y 3 = 1 is a regular curve. She gives the following argument:

1. Let S = {(x, y) ∈ !2 : x 3 + y 3 = 1} and let (x, y) ∈ S.

1
2. Let f : ! → ! be the C 1 function given by f (x) = (1 − x 3 ) 3 .

3. Notice that (x, y) ∈ S if and only if f (x) = y.

4. Therefore, S is the graph of a C 1 function and hence is regular.

Select all valid critiques of this argument. If none apply, do not select any.

□ Line 1 is flawed since the set S is empty.

□ Line 2 is flawed since f is not C 1 .
□ Line 3 is flawed since there exists at least one point (x, y) ∈ S which does not satisfy f (x) = y.
□ Line 4 is flawed since a regular curve does not need to be a graph.

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 4 of 9 January 14, 2022

4. (7 points) Find the global extrema of the function f (x, y) = x 2 + 3x y + y 2 − 6x + 6 y on the right halfdisk
A = {(x, y) ∈ !2 : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 16, x ≥ 0}. As always, remember to justify your argument.

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 5 of 9 January 14, 2022

5. (4 points) You are classifying the local extrema of a C 3 real-valued function f on !3 . You find it has exactly
three critical points a, b, c ∈ !3 . You compute the Hessian matrices
! # ! #
5 0 0 2 0 0
H f (a) = "0 −π 0$ , H f (b) = "0 1 0$ .
0 0 7 0 0 1

You compute the second Taylor polynomial of f at c to be

P(x, y, z) = 237 − 2x 2 − z 2 .

For each part below, no justification necessary. Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )
(5a) Classify the critical point a.
local max
local min
saddle point
not enough information to decide
none of these

(5b) Classify the critical point b.

local max
local min
saddle point
not enough information to decide
none of these

(5c) Classify the critical point c.

local max
local min
saddle point
not enough information to decide
none of these

(5d) You verify that f (a) = 2022 and f (b) = 244. At which point does f achieve a global minimum?
a
b
c
not enough information to decide

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 6 of 9 January 14, 2022

6. (6 points) Below is a contour plot of the C 2 function f : !2 → ! and the origin a = (0, 0) ∈ !2 .
Determine whether each quantity is positive, negative, or zero. Select the most plausible answer.
No justification is necessary. Fill in EXACTLY ONE circle. (unfilled filled )

(6a) f (a) positive negative zero

∂f
(6b) (a) positive negative zero
∂y

∂f
(6c) (a) positive negative zero
∂x

∂2f
(6d) (a) positive negative zero
∂ y2

∂2f
(6e) (a) positive negative zero
∂ y∂ x

∂2f
(6f) (a) positive negative zero
∂ x∂ y

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 7 of 9 January 14, 2022

7. (6 points) No justification is necessary for any part below. Let f : !2 → ! be C ∞ and fix a = (2, 0) ∈ !2 .
% &
0 2
Suppose f (a) = 5, ' f (a) = (−1, 2), and H f (a) = . Let PN be the N th Taylor polynomial of f at a.
2 −4
(7a) Give a formula for P1 .

P1 (x, y) =

(7b) Evaluate P2 (2, −0.2).

P2 (2, −0.2) =

(7c) Estimate f (2, −0.2) using a quadratic approximation.

f (2, −0.2) ≈

(7d) If possible, evaluate ∂ (1,1) P3 (2, 0). Otherwise, write “N/A”.

∂ (1,1) P3 (2, 0) =

(7e) Evaluate the limits. If it does not exist, write “DNE”. If it is not possible, write “N/A”.

f (x, y) − P2 (x, y)
lim =
(x, y)→(2,0) (x − 2)2 + y 2

f (x, y) − P3 (x, y)
lim =
(x, y)→(2,0) (x − 2)2 + y 2

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 8 of 9 January 14, 2022

 f (h)
8. (5 points) Let f : !n → ! be a C ∞ real-valued function. Assume for every integer N ∈ $+ that lim = 0.
h→0 ||h||N
n
Prove that ∂ f (0) = 0 for every multi-index α ∈ $ . Hint: What is the N th Taylor polynomial for every N ?
α

MAT237 Term Test 2 - Page 9 of 9 January 14, 2022