syai24, 12201 PM {50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers -Team VLSI Menu Q 50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers November 21, 2020 by Team VLSI Linux is an open-source operating system which is the first choice of every technocrat. For VLSI Design Engineers also most of the EDA tools are only compatible with Linux. In Linux, we interact with OS majorly with Command-Line Interface (CLI). In beginning, it might look a bit tedious as you have to remember lots of commands and we are addicted to GUI interface but later you will definitely love it. In this article, we will learn some of basic Linux commands with examples. I would request to my reader don't just read this article but, practice these commands parallelly for best understanding and clarity. If you wish you can also make a small cheat sheet for your use. In this article, we will learn 4 categories of 50 most useful basic commands. For advance level commands we are going to publish another article later. Category-1: File System Management 1. 1s : list files and directories https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-most-usefubnux-commands-fr-visi-engineers hm! a2ize, 1201 PM {5 Most Useful Linux Commands fr VSI Engineers Team VLSI Use: Is-1_; indicates file/directory type, permissions, owner, size, last modified —normal, d- directory, s-socket file, Link file Is -a ; shows hidden files/directories Is-t_; lists the files/directory on basis of modification time Is-lart_; lists all the files and directories in order of last modified. clear ar the terminal (but keep the history of commands intact) 3. man /—help : Show a manual of command and switches written in details. 4. pwd : Print Working Directory, The directory where you are currently. 5. ed : Change Directory, to move to another directory. Use: cd .. ; back to parent directory cd — ; back to previous directory ed ~ ; go to home directory ed../.././ ; back to n steps ed ‘abe xyz’ ; go to a directory whose name contain white space 6. mkdir : create a directory Use: mkdir directory_name ; To create a new directory with the given name. mkdir dirt dir2 dirg ; To create multiple directories in a single step. 7. touch create a file https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm! 2122syai24, 12201 PM {50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers -Team VLSI Use: touch file_name ; create a new file touch filet file2 fileg ; To create multiple files touch -a file_name ; to change file access time touch -m file_name ; to change the file modification time 8. gedit file_name & : ereate and edit a file in GUI mode Use: gedit /path/to/file_name ; create and edit a file in specified location ; word count, line no. , language 9. vifile_name : create and edit a file using command-line interface Use: i ; Switch to edit mode ESc_ ; Exit from edit mode and Switch to command mode /string ; find the string Ese + :q ;exit without saving Ese +:s_; Save only not exit Ese + :wq ; save and exit 10. ep source destination : copy command Use: ep souree_file destination_dir _; To copya file epsource_file. ; To copy a file to current directory (“.” means current dir) cp fsource_file destination_dir ; To copy forcefully a regular file cp -R source_file destination_dir ; To coppy recursive a directory 11. my source destination : move command, like cut+paste Use: mvfif2 _; rename fi by f2 mv -rf; recursive and force moving of a directory ‘ips Reals comy202011150 text2 ; redirection of text, overwrite cat textt >> text2 ; appending the text 14. whieh, : Path of the command Use: which virtuoso ; Display the path of the executable file for virtuoso which vi ; Will show the vi command path which python ; Will show the installation path of the python program 15. find : searching a file/directory Use: find / -name “dir_name’” ; to find a file/dir find /home/user_name -name “file_name” ; to find a file/dir only in user's home area man find ; to get more details on find command 16. history : Get the list of executed commands https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm! a2suu26, 1201 Pm {5 Most Useful Linux Commands fr VSI Engineers Team VLSI Use: history ; the history of all command history n_ list of last n command executed In ; repeat any command in the history i export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T’; setting history command with timestamp format unset export HISTTIMEFORMAT ; unsetting the time format. history -c ; clear all the history ~/-bash_history ; location of stored command history 17. chmod : Change mode, change the permis ion of file/directory Use: Is-1 filename _; To see the current permissions of the file/dir Let's understand the permissions through this ecample. file 1: file or directory (- or d) 2. Permission for owner d :directory 3. Permissin for Group 4, Permissions for Others read 5. Ower w write es 6. Group x Fexecute/search rwWwx7 7°77 5 4 4 2 1TWX TWxTWxIWx PX oT Numeric and Symbolic permissions chmod 777 filename _ ; set all the permis chmod 754 filename __; set rwx for owner, r-x for the group and r- for others chmod -R 777 dir_name_; Set all permission recursively inside the dir ion for all users titps:hearvsi.com/2020/11/50-most-usefulinux-commande-forslsi-engineers.html 5122syai24, 12201 PM {50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers -Team VLSI Category-2: Text processing commands 18. touch : create a new file Use: touch filer ; create an empty file touch filer file2 fileg ; create multiple files in one command touch ~am file2 ; change access and modification time 19. gedit : AGUI based Linux text editor Use: gedit & ; open gedit text editor and release the CLI gedit filer ; create/open a file in geditor 20. head : To read the first 10 lines of a file in CLI Use: head file_name_ ; To read the first 10 lines of a file head -n 8 file_name_ ; To read first 8 lines of a file OR head -8 file head-4*log _; Read first 4 lines of all log files in PWD 21. tail :'To read the last 10 lines in the command line Use: tail file_name_; To read last 10 lines of a file tail -n 12 filename ; To read last 12 lines of a file OR tail -2 file 22. sort : To sort the list Use: sort file_name ; sort the content of file https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm!syai24, 12201 PM sort —n file_name ; sorting a file which has numbers sort -rfile_name _; sorting the file in reverse order sort -o outputfile inputfile ; redirection of sorted output sort =n -k2 file_name ; sorting the file on basis of the nth column 23. unique : An utility for filtering the repeated lines in a file Use: unique file_name_; will display only unique lines unique -c file_name _; will tell no. of times a line has repeated 24. more : Display text one screen at a time Use: more file_name ; display the text in command line next screen, back to previous screen, next line more -10 file_name ; will display 10 lines at a time dmesg | more ; more with pipe. 25. less : to read the text file in the command line Use: less file_name ; To view the content of a file ‘50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers - Team VLSI similar to more command with some advance features less -N file_name ; Will show the content with line number or Down Arrow: To move next line Up Arrow: to move up a line : To move down one page : To move up one page https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm!syai24, 12201 PM {50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers -Team VLSI 26. grep : global regular expression print Use: grep i words file_name ; display the line contains searched word dmesg | grep sda_; filtered the output and show only line having sda dmesg | grep sda ~A 5 ; Display 5 lines after the matching word sda 27. diff or vimdiff : find the difference between two files/dir Use: diff file1 file2 ; To check the difference between two files diff dirt dir2 ; To check the difference between contains of two dir Asimilar GUI tool is “meld” vimdiff fi f2 , gvimdiff fi f2 28. we : word count of a file Use: we file_name ; Newline, word and byte count in the file we-I file_name ; To count total new lines in the file ‘we -w file_name ; T count total words only we -c file_name ; T count total characters only Category-3: Process management commands 29, top or htop : It will show the status of various resources and tasks Use: top ; you can see the utilization statics for resoure htop ; Similar to the top command but an improved version. and get PID of all running process https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm! azzsyai24, 12201 PM {50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers -Team VLSI 30. ps : Known as Process Status Use: ps rocess for the current shell ps-e _; Display all active process ps-ef —_; Display all active process in full format ps -ef | grep virtuoso; If the list is too big we can grep it to a specific command 31. kill : To terminate a process Use: kill PID _; Killing a process by PID, PID is a numeric value. kill PID1 PID2 PID3 _; Kill multiple processes together. You can specify the signal name in between Kill and PID. If no signal has been specified, by default TERM signal will be sent. 32. who : Display the users who are currently logged in your Linux machine Use: who; Without any argument who command will display user’s login name, terminal, login time and host who -q_ ;Display the name of all users and total no. of users logged in 33. W information about current logged user and what they are doing, 34. users : Display the all current users name in a single line 35. last 1 it display the list of user who logged the system Use: last ; If no options provided the last command displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since /var/log/wtmp file was created last user_name _ ;Will display the activities of a particular user only 36. free : Used to check available physical memory and swap memory ips Reals comy202011160 Synthesis and Physical Design Interview Questions: Question Set -5. 3 thoughts on “50 Most Useful Linux Commands for VLSI Engineers” https: /Reamis.com/2020/11150-mest-usefubnux-commands-for-visi-engineers hm! rane