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vn

Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn những các đáp án đúng để hoàn thiện các câu sau
Chọn 4 đáp án đúng - Skimming sẽ giúp người đọc

Trực tiếp tìm ra câu trả lời trong thời gian ngắn nhất.
Ngay lập tức tìm ra câu trả lời và vùng thông tin cần tìm kiếm.
Khoanh vùng thông tin cần tìm kiếm.
Thu hẹp phạm vi tìm kiếm thông tin.
Đọc chậm và đọc kỹ hơn toàn bài
Tìm ý chính của đoạn văn

Chọn 3 đáp án đúng - Khi thực hiện skimming, chúng ta hướng sự chú ý tới

Câu chủ đề
Câu dài nhất
Câu kết luận

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Động từ, danh từ và tính từ
Từ nối

Exercise 2: Nối các từ nối với mục đích sử dụng của chúng
firstly, secondly,... So sánh
similar to, just as,... Nguyên nhân - kết quả
but, however, although,... Tương phản
if - then, because, as,... Ví dụ
like, such as, for example,... Liệt kê
Exercise 3: Xác định đâu là câu chủ đề của mỗi đoạn văn sau
Lưu ý: Các chữ cái trong ngoặc tương ứng với câu liền kề trước nó

The main reasons why electric cars are not more popular at present are their price and their
relatively small range (A). Existing battery systems only allow electric cars to travel a distance
of between 100 and 160 km (B). However, this distance may not be a problem for urban drivers
(C). A recent Sydney study reported that 70 percent of journeys were 30km or less, and recent
data from the US suggests that 77 percent of trips taken there are 48 km or less (D).

A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C

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At first glance, honey badgers look like the common European badger (A). They are usually
between 75cm and 1 metre long, although males are about twice the size of females (B). They
are instantly recognisable by grey and white stripes that extend from the top of the head to the
tail (C). Closer inspection, which is probably not a wise thing to do, reveals pointed teeth, and
sharp front claws which can be four centimetres in length (D).

A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C
D. Sentence D

What is a bad habit (A)? The most common definition is that it is something that we do
regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence
(B). This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally (C). Those
who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human
(D).

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A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C
D. Sentence D

Some people are concerned, however, that altering the weather can have negative
consequences (A). Leonard Barrie, director of the research department at the World
Meteorological Organization in Geneva, explains why (B). “All areas of weather modification are
still very controversial. Some people think that diverting water for irrigation benefits some
people, but is a disadvantage to others (C). Someone in one area will get more water, but as a
result, someone somewhere else could get less (D).

A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C
D. Sentence D

Farmers often sell direct to the consumer, without all the packaging, shipping and advertising
that increases cost in shops and supermarkets. (A) For that reason, the food in the
countrysides is at its cheapest and freshest in markets. (B) You can often find unusual
products and those that are not mass-produced with amazing bargains. (C)

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A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C

There are many disadvantages to shopping online. (A) Sometimes you have to wait for delivery
for several days and sometimes the goods are not what you want. Supermarkets, too, have
their drawbacks. (B) The goods are all the same everywhere. For example, if you buy a coat
from a supermarket, you will probably meet other people with the exact same one. We cannot
deny the fact that either shopping online or offline, inconvenience still exists. (C)

A. Sentence A
B. Sentence B
C. Sentence C

Exercise 4: Xác định nội dung chính của mỗi đoạn văn sau dựa vào câu chủ đề
The main reasons why electric cars are not more popular at present are their price and their
relatively small range. Existing battery systems only allow electric cars to travel a distance of

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between 100 and 160 km. However, this distance may not be a problem for urban drivers. A
recent Sydney study reported that 70 percent of journeys were 30km or less, and recent data
from the US suggests that 77 percent of trips taken there are 48 km or less.

A. Comparing prices of electric cars in the past to that now.

B. Reasons for the unpopularity of electric cars currently.
C. How electric cars change from the past till now.

At first glance, honey badgers look like the common European badger. They are usually
between 75cm and 1 metre long, although males are about twice the size of females. They are
instantly recognisable by grey and white stripes that extend from the top of the head to the tail.
Closer inspection, which is probably not a wise thing to do, reveals pointed teeth, and sharp
front claws which can be four centimetres in length.

A. The appearance of honey badgers.

B. Comparing honey badgers with European badgers.
C. Comparing the shape of males and females.

What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,
almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This
consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny
having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.

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A. What makes a bad habit

B. Why people have bad habits
C. The definition of bad habits

Some people are concerned, however, that altering the weather can have negative
consequences. Leonard Barrie, director of the research department at the World
Meteorological Organization in Geneva, explains why. “All areas of weather modification are
still very controversial. Some people think that diverting water for irrigation benefits some
people, but is a disadvantage to others. Someone in one area will get more water, but as a
result, someone somewhere else could get less. “His fears may be justified. Recently, the town
of Zhoukou in China’s Henan province accused neighbouring town Pingdingshang of “stealing”
rain from clouds that were due to pass over its own farms, prompting what may be the world’s
very first documented incident of “rain rage”.

A. Potential negative influences of changing the weather

B. Some heated argument about changing the weather
C. Local people don’t like the idea of transporting rain from one place to another.

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Bài tập thực hành 1

(A) Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens
of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the US, commuters spend an
average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas
Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people
still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort, and privacy.

(B) The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby
cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of the day. In theory, if the toll
is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it
seems to work: Singapore, London, and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city
centres thanks to congestion pricing.

(C) Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets
employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who
have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow

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more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

(D) Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build
more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or overcrowded city streets. But such
techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

(E) Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking
to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when
public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the
American government has decided to spend some S7 billion on helping to increase capacity on
public transport systems and upgrade them with more. But environmentalists complain that
such funding is tiny compared to the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges

Đọc và nối các Headings sau đây với các đoạn văn từ A-E
Paragraph A A solution which is no solution
Paragraph B Changing working practices
Paragraph C Closing city centres to traffic
Paragraph D Not doing enough
Paragraph E Paying to get in

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Bài tập thực hành 3

The rainmakers
Science and technology work with nature to bring rain when and where it is needed

A Wheat farmer Gang Liu is a worried man. The annual rains have not arrived, and there is a
danger that unless there is substantial rainfall soon, his annual wheat crop will fail. As he looks
anxiously at the clouds which promise rain but are failing to deliver it, there is a sudden loud
roar, and from fields for miles around, hundreds of small rockets are fired into the clouds.
Within twenty minutes, the farms around the eastern Chinese city of Luohe are experiencing
their first rain for many weeks. Gang Liu's valuable wheat has been saved, thanks to a
technique known as 'cloud seeding', in which the chemical silver iodide (Agl) is introduced into
clouds. This causes the tiny drops of moisture in the clouds to turn to ice. These tiny ice
particles join until they become heavy enough to fall from the sky, turning into rain as they melt.

B But did cloud seeding really cause the rain in Luohe to fall, or was it just a coincidence?

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Experts often question whether cloud seeding actually works. It is hard to tell how effective
cloud seeding actually is, they say, as it might have rained anyway, without human intervention.
But this has not stopped many governments and organisations from trying. There are currently
150 weather- modifying projects taking place in more than 40 countries. Not all of them are
aimed at creating rain. The Eastlund Scientific Enterprises Corporation in the USA, for example,
is experimenting with firing microwaves into clouds to prevent the tornadoes which cause
enormous damage to the country every year. In Russia, experiments have been carried out to
make sure the sun shines during important national events.

C However, it is rainmaking that dominates the research programmes. In many of these,

researchers are using trials in which some clouds are 'seeded' while others are not, and both
groups are monitored. Arlen Huggins of the Desert Research Institute is leading a research
project in Australia. Weather-monitoring technology is so good nowadays, he says, that we can
measure clouds much more effectively, even from the inside. As a result, we now know much
more about the effect humans can have on the weather. What Huggins' team has discovered
so far is promising. They believe that cloud seeding does work, although there are still two
years of the six-year project left to go.

D In China, where the majority of cloud-seeding operations take place, weather-modification

authorities use army rockets to fire silver-iodide particles into the clouds. 39,000 staff working
for the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) are equipped with 7,113 army cannons
which, in 2006, were used to fire a million silver-iodide rockets into the atmosphere. This costs
over $100 million a year, although the CMA claims the results are worth the expense. Between
1999 and 2006, they say, cloud seeding produced 250 billion metric tonnes of rain and
prevented thousands of farmers from losing their crops.

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E "We want to understand what makes clouds rain," says Philip Brown of the UK
Meteorological office, explaining why so much time, effort and money are being invested. "But
there is a more powerful economic reason. A lot of countries around the world are at risk from
drought, and governments will try anything to make sure that doesn't happen, even if the
scientific evidence is weak. The potential economic value is greater than the scientific value.
Making it rain might allow you to keep agriculture going where, without human intervention, it
might fail."

F Some people are concerned, however, that altering the weather can have negative
consequences. Leonard Barrie, director of the research department at the World
Meteorological Organisation in Geneva, explains why. "All areas of weather modification are
still very controversial. Some people think that diverting water for irrigation benefits some
people, but is a disadvantage to others. Someone in one area will get more water, but as a
result, someone somewhere else could get less." His fears may be justified. Recently, the town
of Zhoukou in China's Henan province accused neighbouring town Pingdingshan of 'stealing'
rain from clouds that were due to pass over its own farms, prompting what may be the world's
very first documented incident of 'rain rage'.

Đọc và nối các heading sau đây với các đoạn văn từ A-F
Paragraph A I. Making peaceful use of a military weapon

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Paragraph B II. How modifying the weather has changed
the world
Paragraph C III. What is prompting this research?
Paragraph D IV. A period of drought comes to an end
Paragraph E V. An old solution to a new problem
Paragraph F VI. Winners and losers

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Bài tập thực hành 4

The burden of thirst

Millions of women carry water long distances. If they had a tap by their door, whole societies
would be transformed.

A Aylito Binayo’s feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning, she can run down the
rocks to the river by starlight alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with a
container of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day since she was a
small child.

So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of south-western Ethiopia
in Africa. Binayo left school when she was eight years old, in part because she had to help her
mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is unsafe to drink; every year that the
drought continues, the river carries less water, and its flow is reduced. But it is the only water
Foro has ever had.

B In developed parts of the world, people turn on a tap and out pours abundant, clean water.
Yet nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5
billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of proper

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hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually, most of them
children. In southern Ethiopia and in northern Kenya, a lack of rain over the past few years has
made even dirty water hard to find. But soon, for the first time, things are going to change.

C Bringing clean water close to villagers’ homes is the key to the problem. Communities
where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All the hours previously
spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise more animals or even start a
business. Families spend less time sick or caring for family members who are unwell. Most
important, not having to collect water means girls can go to school and get jobs. The need to
fetch water for the family, or to take care of younger siblings while their mother goes, usually
prevents them from ever having this experience.

D But the challenges of bringing water to remote villages like those in Konso are
overwhelming. Locating water underground and then reaching it by means of deep wells
requires geological expertise and expensive, heavy machines. Abandoned wells and water
projects litter the villages of Konso. In similar villages around the developing world, the biggest
problem with water schemes is that about half of them break down soon after the groups that
built them move on. Sometimes technology is used that can’t be repaired locally, or spare parts
are available only in the capital.

E Today, a UK-based international non-profit organisation called WaterAid is tackling the job
of bringing water to the most remote villages of Konso. Their approach combines technologies
proven to last - such as building a sand dam to capture and filter rainwater that would
otherwise drain away. But the real innovation is that WaterAid believes technology is only part
of the solution. Just as important is involving the local community in designing, building and

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maintaining new water projects. Before beginning any project, WaterAid asks the community to
create a WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene) committee of seven people. The committee works
with WaterAid to plan projects and involve the village in construction. Then it maintains and
runs the project.

F The people of Konso, who grow their crops on terraces they have dug into the sides of
mountains, are famous for hard work. In the village of Orbesho, residents even constructed a
road themselves so that drilling machinery could come in. Last summer, their pump, installed
by the river, was being motorised to push its water to a newly built reservoir on top of a nearby
mountain. From there, gravity will carry it down in pipes to villages on the other side of the
mountain. Residents of those villages have each given some money to help fund the project.
They have made concrete and collected stones for the structures. Now they are digging
trenches to lay pipes. If all goes well, Aylito Binayo will have a tap with safe water just a three-
minute walk from her front door.

adapted from National Geographic magazine

Đọc và nối các heading sau đây với các đoạn văn từ A-F
Paragraph A I. Why some plans have failed
Paragraph B II. A rural and urban problem

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Paragraph C III. A possible success
Paragraph D IV. Explaining a new management style
Paragraph E V. Some relevant statistics
Paragraph F VI. A regular trip for some people

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn CÁC đáp án đúng cho câu hỏi dưới đây:
Scanning là

Đọc nhanh
Đọc chậm
Đọc lướt
Đọc kĩ
Để tìm thông tin chi tiết cụ thể
Để nắm được ý chính toàn đoạn

Exercise 2: Nối các loại thông tin sau với những tín hiệu đặc trưng của loại thông tin đó
Số có 4 chữ số (năm), tên tháng (January, Tên người, con vật, địa điểm,...
February,...), kí hiệu số thứ tự ‘th’ ‘nd’
‘rd’ (ngày)
Số đếm; các từ liệt kê như: firstly, secondly, Mốc thời gian
and, finally

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Từ có chữ cái đầu in hoa Nguyên nhân, lý do
Dấu ngoặc kép thể hiện lời trích dẫn Nhiều đặc điểm
Why, because, the reason,... Ý kiến của một người
Kí hiệu m hay km Khoảng cách
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng cho câu hỏi sau
Đâu là thứ tự đúng của quá trình scanning?

A. Đọc lướt bài đọc để tìm keywords > Tìm từ giống/liên quan đến keywords trong bài
câu hỏi > Đọc câu chứa từ giống/liên quan đến keywords
B. Dịch câu hỏi sang tiếng Việt > Đọc lướt bài đọc để tìm câu mang nội dung tương tự >
Đọc kỹ lại câu vừa tìm được để xác định đáp án
C. Xác định keywords trong câu hỏi > Tìm từ giống/liên quan đến keywords trong bài đọc
> Đọc câu chứa từ giống/liên quan đến keywords

Exercise 4: Đọc các câu hỏi trong đề ielts reading sau và chọn các đáp án chứa keywords của
từng câu
Lưu ý: Có thể chọn NHIỀU HƠN 1 ĐÁP ÁN

It is thanks to Marcel Bich that most people today are able to ________ a ballpoint pen.

Marcel Bich; able to; a ballpoint pen.

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most people; thanks to

thanks; that; most people; pen.
Marcel Bich; most; able to; ballpoint.

It was the bad quality and ______ of the pens which were available at the time that inspired him
to design a ______ ballpoint pen

quality; pens; at the time; design

bad; available; time; ballpoint
the bad quality; pens
design; available; inspired

His company, Bic, now makes a variety of cheap _____, such as lighters and razors.

company; such as; lighters; razors

his company; Bic; makes; cheap

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variety; lighters; razors; now
his company; variety; of; cheap

Exercise 5: Tìm trong bài đọc sau các keywords giống/ có liên quan tới các từ IN HOA trong
những câu sau đây và viết CHÍNH XÁC chúng vào ô trống
Lưu ý: Điền KHÔNG QUÁ 3 TỪ cho mỗi ô trống

Chú thích nghĩa:

appalled: kinh hãi

a firmly established invention: phát minh có giá trị vững chắc

commercially successful: thành công về mặt thương mại

Marcel Bich, a French manufacturer of traditional ink pens, was the man who turned the
ballpoint pen into an item that today almost anyone can afford. Bich was appalled at the poor
quality of the ballpoint pens that were available and was also shocked at their high cost.
However, he recognised that the ballpoint was a firmly established invention, and he decided to
design a cheap pen that worked well and would be commercially successful.
[...]
Bich became extremely wealthy thanks to his invention, which had worldwide appeal. Over the
next 60 years his company, Bic, opened factories all over the world and expanded its range of
inexpensive products. Today, Bic is as famous for its lighters and razors as it is for its pen, and

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you can even buy a Bic mobile phone.

It is thanks to Marcel Bich that MOST PEOPLE today are able to ________ a ballpoint pen.
___________

It was THE BAD QUALITY and ______ of the pens which were available at the time that inspired
him to design a ______ ballpoint pen ___________

His company, Bic, now makes a VARIETY OF CHEAP _____, such as lighters and razors.
___________

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Bài tập thực hành

Paragraph A

Marcel Bich, a French manufacturer of traditional ink pens, was the man who turned the
ballpoint pen into an item that today almost anyone can afford. Bich was appalled at the poor
quality of the ballpoint pens that were available and was also shocked at their high cost.
However, he recognised that the ballpoint was a firmly established invention, and he decided to
design a cheap pen that worked well and would be commercially successful.

Paragraph B
Bich went to the Biro brothers and asked them if he could use the design of their original
invention in one of his own pens. In return, he offered to pay them every time he sold a pen.
Then, for two years, Bich studied the detailed construction of every ballpoint pen that was
being sold, often working with a microscope.

Paragraph C
By 1950, he was ready to introduce his new wonder: a plastic pen with a clear barrel that wrote
smoothly did not leak and only cost a few cents. He called it the “Bic Cristal”. The ballpoint pen
had finally become a practical writing instrument. The public liked it immediately, and today it is
as common as the pencil. In Britain, they are still called Biros, and many Bic models also say

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“Biro” on the side of the pen, to remind people of their original inventors.

Paragraph D
Bich became extremely wealthy thanks to his invention, which had worldwide appeal. Over the
next 60 years his company, Bic, opened factories all over the world and expanded its range of
inexpensive products. Today, Bic is as famous for its lighters and razors as it is for its pen, and
you can even buy a Bic mobile phone.

Đọc bài văn và hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt sau với KHÔNG NHIỀU HƠN 2 TỪ cho mỗi chỗ trống.
Lưu ý: Các bạn hãy thực hiện đủ các bước scanning đã học để tìm ra đáp án chính xác nhất
nhé!

It is thanks to Marcel Bich that most people today are able to ___________ a ballpoint pen. It was
the bad quality and ___________ of the pens which were available at the time that inspired him
to design a ___________ ballpoint pen that would be both inexpensive and reliable. After getting
permission from the Biro brothers to base his pen on their ___________, he carefully ___________
other ballpoints that were sold in the shops, and in 1950 introduced his own version, the “Bic
Cristal”. It was popular with the ___________, and Bich became very rich. His company, Bic, now
makes a variety of cheap ___________, such as lighters and razors.

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án chứa các keywords của mỗi phát biểu sau
Lưu ý: Ngoài danh từ, động từ, tính từ thì các lượng từ (VD: many, some, ...) và các trạng từ hội
tụ (VD: only, just, mostly…) cũng là các keywords cần lưu ý

We can only break bad habits if people tell us to do so.

A. We/ only/ break/ bad habits/ tell

B. We/ can/ bad habits / tell/ to
C. only/ habits/ people/ so

Bad habits may return when we are under pressure

A. bad/ return/ when/ we/ pressure

B. habits/ may/ return/ are/ pressure
C. bad habits/ may/ return/ under pressure

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Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test

A. Researchers/ were surprised/ the answers/ the volunteers/ gave/ first test
B. Researchers/ surprised/ by/ that/ answers/ gave in the first test
C. Researchers/ surprised/ answers/ the/ test

Exercise 2: Tìm trong đoạn văn từ/ cụm từ đồng nghĩa (synonym) hoặc trái nghĩa (antonym)
với các từ được IN HOA trong những câu văn sau.
Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either
told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others
do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or
unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a
problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes
“programmed” into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our
habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed
or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. [...]

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,
and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as
no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two
weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set

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of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

We can only BREAK bad habits if people tell us to do so. (Synonym)

A. Stop
B. Change
C. Split
D. Pick up

Bad habits may return when we are UNDER PRESSURE. (Synonym)

A. rushed
B. stressed
C. overworked
D. rushed, stressed or overworked

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Researchers were SURPRISED by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
(Antonym)

A. programmed
B. no surprise
C. completely forgotten
D. broken

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Bài tập thực hành 1

What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,
almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This
consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny
having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either
told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others
do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or
unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a
problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes
“programmed” into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our
habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed
or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the
study programme, the research showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them
words to associate with them (for example, see a picture of tea, and associate it with
“breakfast"). They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new
words to associate with them (see a picture of tea, and say “afternoon”).

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A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,
and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as
no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two
weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set
of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.
We may try to change our ways. but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is
usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it
becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned
behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now
want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice,
those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of
memory.

Read the following passage and answer the questions

Chú thích nghĩa:

associate with: liên quan tới

unconscious: vô thức

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We can only break bad habits if people tell us to do so A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

Bad habits may return when we are under pressure A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

Researchers were surprised by the answers that the A. Yes

volunteers gave in the first test B. No
C. Not Given

People find it more difficult to remember things they A. Yes

learnt when they were young B. No
C. Not Given

If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to A. Yes

get rid of B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 2

The nature of success

We live in a world where success is highly valued in all fields of endeavour. However, is it really
possible to compare success in business or sports with success in the academic world of
studies? Success at school comes from a certain amount of application and certainly is not
given to everyone, although nobody actually aims to do badly in exams. But what does it lead
to? The correlation between good exam results as a teenager and a good degree and success
beyond one's studies is hard to measure. This is perhaps because school and university are
seen as steps towards something further and not a goal in their own right. Success in exams,
you might say, is like winning part of a race, but not the race itself. Despite the high
expectations that they might have had, the reality is that millions of graduates across the world
are in jobs that do not stretch them, or are not particularly well- rewarded; many recent
graduates are unable to even find a job of any sort in these times of economic uncertainty. In
other words, academic success seems to be an unreliable indicator of actual potential.

Sporting success brings local, national or international acclaim, and, in the case of the most
popular professional sports, financial rewards that are beyond the reach of most of us. What
do most successful sports men and women have in common? Natural ability and a great deal
of training, for sure. Many will have decided to turn their backs on the parties and socializing of

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their peers in order to do more lengths in the pool or more hours in the gym, to work on their
sprint or serving or cycling or passing techniques. Another sad fact of sporting life is that
careers are short and often plagued by injury.

In business, success is generally measured by salary rather than specific achievements,

records or popularity. When asked, most people who have fulfilled their ambitions in business
will attribute their success to putting in long hours in the early stages of their career, and
determination. In addition, however, they will almost always mention something that is all too
often overlooked by those for whom business is simply a way of paying the bills, and that's
innovation. Business success does not come to those who simply do their jobs or follow their
leaders. It is creative.

Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Đọc toàn bộ đoạn văn sau và chọn Yes hoặc No cho mỗi statement dưới đây

Yes - Statement đồng tình với quan điểm của tác giả
No - Statement trái ngược với quan điểm của tác giả
NOT GIVEN - Không thể biết được quan điểm của tác giả là gì

According to the writer ...

anyone can be successful at school if they set the right targets.

A. Yes
B. No

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C. Not given

all forms of success depend on hard work.

A. Yes
B. No
C. Not given

everyone has some sort of ambition.

A. Yes
B. No
C. Not given

success in sport often depends on making sacrifices.

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A. Yes
B. No
C. Not given

the financial rewards compensate for the fact that sporting careers are short.

A. Yes
B. No
C. Not given

many people fail to understand one of the key elements of business success.

A. Yes
B. No
C. Not given

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Bài tập thực hành 3

Some children moan about having to get a bus to school. Six teenagers on a remote Scottish
island, however, have the rather more exciting prospect of going to school by plane on what is
believed to be the world's shortest domestic flight.

The journey from Papa Westray to Westray in the Orkney Islands takes 96 seconds, covering a
distance of just over a mile. With a tail wind, it can take as little as 47 seconds. Normally the
teenagers go by ferry but when the vessel was taken out of service for refurbishment, Loganair.
an airline company, stepped in and offered to fly them to Westray Junior High.

Six students, all aged 13-14, will be flown to and from school until the end of the year when the
ferry, the Golden Mariana, is scheduled to return, Loganair said.

Papa Westray has a population of 70 and no secondary school. Westray, home to more than
600 residents, has about 70 pupils enrolled at the junior high and nine full-time teachers. The
school provides education to Standard Grade level. The six teenagers from Papa Westray take
the flight every Tuesday morning, stay with host families for two nights and then catch a return
flight on Thursday after school. Pupils from either island choosing to study for their Highers
must travel to Kirkwall, the capital of Orkney.

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Loganair, which operates the eight- seater service in an Islander plane, has changed its
schedule to ensure that the children get to school on time. The company said that the flight
was the shortest in the world and with favourable tail winds could be over in less than a
minute. The distance is shorter than the length of the main runway at Edinburgh Airport.
Jonathan Hinkles, the commercial director of the airline, said: While it is a popular tourist route
for many visitors to Scotland, it is also a vital lifeline for those residents who live, work or do
business in the Orkneys and it will make all the difference to ensure that those children who live
on Papa Westray can continue their schooling throughout the winter months.

Willie McEwen, acting head teacher at Westray Junior High, said: We're delighted that Loganair
has come forward with this solution. Our children will enjoy the flying especially as, at this time
of the year, it can be quite rough on the boat. This kind of flexibility is an essential part of island
life and the youngsters take it all in their stride.

The Islander air service, which carries around 20,000 passengers each year, is critical for local
residents during the winter months. It delivers food, mail and newspapers, and provides a
lifeline between the islands and Kirkwall on mainland Orkney. In addition, Laganair regularly
carries visiting teachers out to the islands to lead lessons in subjects including music, art, craft,
physical education and home economics.

The Guinness World Records said that it did not recognise the world's shortest scheduled
domestic flight. The category is currently under research," a spokesman said.

Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Đọc toàn bộ đoạn văn sau và chọn Yes hoặc No cho mỗi statement dưới đây

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Yes - Statement đồng tình với quan điểm của tác giả
No - Statement trái ngược với quan điểm của tác giả
NOT GIVEN - Không thể biết được quan điểm của tác giả là gì

The route between Papa Westray and Westray is A. Yes

officially the shortest scheduled domestic flight in the B. No
world. C. Not Given

There is more than a mile between Papa Westray and A. Yes

Westray. B. No
C. Not Given

Loganair does not charge to fly Westray Junior High A. Yes

pupils to school. B. No
C. Not Given

Pupils from Papa Westray and from Westray go to A. Yes

Orkney to study for their Highers. B. No
C. Not Given

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The airline claims that the flight is useful for tourists as A. Yes
well as residents. B. No
C. Not Given

Music, art, craft, physical education and home A. Yes

economics are rarely taught on the islands. B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 4

Is this the end of the High Street?

Take a walk down any 'High Street', normally places full of shops, and you'll notice signs that all
is not well: they will say 'To Let'.

The High Street faces real competition from out-of-town retail parks and the steady growth of
supermarkets, both in number and in size. There is also the growing trend for people to shop
online, combined with a reduction in many families' finances which has affected customer
confidence.

Retailing (the sale of goods from a fixed location) is changing too: shopping is becoming a
leisure activity as much as a necessity, along with the rise of home delivery services saving
time and journeys. Convenience is a powerful motivator for shoppers' behaviour. Is the
traditional High Street dying out?

During the last two years, independent retailers have struggled more than the chain stores.
Research suggests over 12,000 independent stores closed in 2009. Economies of scale (it is
cheaper to buy stock in bulk, so big shops can charge lower prices) are one part of the issue.

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Supermarkets have a stronger control over the supply chain and can manipulate prices more
effectively. As a result of the decline in smaller stores, there are now many empty shops in
most town centres, some of which have been vacant for some time, and have whitewashed
windows. What impact do they have on the overall 'feel' of the town for visitors and residents?

More importantly, how does the loss of a familiar shop which has perhaps served decades of
local residents affect people at a time when so many other familiar aspects of daily life are
under threat? When a shopping mall is being planned, it is very important to secure the key
'anchor’ tenants: the big names that can guarantee customers through the doors. Is the
disappearance of these familiar local shops and small department stores like losing a link with
the past?

The growth of CCTV cameras, use of private security firms and blurring of public and private
land has also been an issue in cities such as Exeter. This can result in young people feeling that
they are being victimized and forced out of city centres.

Another feature of many city centres is that they are beginning to look very similar to each
other. The New Economics Foundation introduced the term 'clone town' in a report published in
2004. This suggests that many High Streets have few individual characteristics - the same
shops can be seen in most towns. This was also followed up by a report in 2010, which
identified Cambridge as the most 'cloned' city in the UK: one with very few independent stores
in the centre.

Vacant shops are another issue for town centres. These can end up as charity shops, 'pop-up
shops (especially around Christmas) or attract vandals and graffiti. Some cities such as

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Portsmouth have made an effort to revamp empty store-fronts to improve those areas where
they are found. This is important for cities which attract large numbers of tourists, such as
Bath, York and Chester.

Services are perhaps more resilient to these changes, particularly those that offer something
that is not available online. As one person commented: "You can't have your hair cut online..
well, not yet anyway. This partly explains the growth of coffee shops and nail bars in some
town centres, which are going against the general trend.

Finally, out on the edges of our towns, the supermarkets continue to grow - they've got the town
centre surrounded. A report published in late 2010 said that around 55p of every £1 that we
spend is spent in supermarkets, and there have been a large number of planning applications
for further stores.

Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Đọc toàn bộ đoạn văn sau và chọn Yes, No hoặc Not Given cho mỗi statement dưới đây

Yes - Statement đồng tình với quan điểm của tác giả
No - Statement trái ngược với quan điểm của tác giả
NOT GIVEN - Không thể biết được quan điểm của tác giả là gì

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Not only are supermarkets getting bigger, there are more A. Yes
of them than ever. B. No
C. Not Given

People shop because they have to, but also because it is A. Yes
fun. B. No
C. Not Given

The younger generation may feel unwelcome in certain A. Yes

towns. B. No
C. Not Given

Although most towns have the same shops, there are A. Yes
many features that make them unique. B. No
C. Not Given

Although a large number of stores are closing, the A. Yes

number of shops that offer services is increasing. B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 5

Famous animals

Like people, animals each have their own personality and talents. And like some people, some
animals achieve fame. Some of them become famous through films, TV or advertisements,
and others through their work, for example rescuing people or playing a role in a war. Still
others have done something special or been the first to do something.

There have been many famous dogs in history. One of them is Hachiko, a dog remembered for
his loyalty to his owner. Hachiko was born in Japan in 1923 and was owned by Hidesaburo
Ueno, a professor at Tokyo University. Every day, Hachiko waited for Ueno at Shibuya station
and the pair walked home together. One day in May 1925, Ueno died suddenly while he was at
work. For the next nine years, nine months and 15 days, his faithful dog continued to meet the
train his owner used to take every day. At first the station staff did not welcome him, but
gradually people understood his loyalty and began giving him food and treats. Hachiko did not
stop waiting for Ueno until his own death in 1935. There have been films and books about
Hachiko, and every year there is a ceremony to commemorate him at the railway station in
Tokyo, where he waited so faithfully.

One animal that achieved fame in the twenty-first century is Knut the polar bear. Knut was born

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in Berlin Zoo in December 2006. Sadly, Knut was rejected by his mother, Tosca, and was raised
by zookeepers. Knut was extremely popular with the public, not only in Germany, but across the
world. Knut's story increased attendance at the zoo by about 30% and increased the zoo's
revenue by five million euros. The zoo made substantial amounts of money by selling Knut
toys, candy and other products. There were even songs written about him. By the time he was a
year old, Knut weighed almost 100 kg and it was too dangerous for him to be handled by
humans. Poor Knut missed his favourite keeper. Knut suffered in his short life without his
mother, and later without human contact. He died of a virus at the age of four.

Even some wild animals have become famous. One of them is Elsa the lioness, born in 1956.
Elsa's mother was killed by a game warden, a person whose job was to protect wild animals.
The warden, George Adamson, had killed the lioness to defend himself, but he felt guilty about
the orphaned cubs. He and his wife, Joy, took them home and brought them up. They trained
Elsa, one of the cubs, to live in the wild. During her adult life in the wild, she had three cubs and
took them to visit her human foster parents. Joy Adamson told Elsa's story in a book called
Born Free. Born Free was made into a film, which was popular with both adults and children. In
1984, the actors who had starred in the film started the Born Free Foundation, an organisation
that protects wildlife in many ways. The Foundation's important work includes improving
conditions in zoos and circuses, stopping hunting for 'sport' and working against the killing of
elephants for ivory.

Many of us enjoy learning about famous animals. They can inspire us with their characters and
stories, just as human celebrities can. Some of them are remembered for years through books,
films, toys and other items created in their memory. But in the end, it is humans and not the
animals themselves who benefit from that fame.

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Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Đọc toàn bộ đoạn văn sau và chọn Yes hoặc No cho mỗi statement dưới đây

Yes - Statement đồng tình với quan điểm của tác giả
No - Statement trái ngược với quan điểm của tác giả
NOT GIVEN - Không thể biết được quan điểm của tác giả là gì

All animals are very much the same. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

There are many different reasons why animals might be A. Yes

remembered. B. No
C. Not Given

Ueno died after a long illness. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

After some time, the people who worked at the railway A. Yes
B. No

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station were kind to Hachiko.
C. Not Given

Knut had a happy life because of his fame. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

The Born Free Foundation does useful work. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 1

Air conditioning
The history of an invention that makes life more pleasant

A Willis Carrier designed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902, just a year after graduating
from Cornell University with a Masters in Engineering. At a Brooklyn printing plant, fluctuations
in heat and moisture were causing the size of the printing paper to keep changing slightly,
making it hard to align different colours. Carrier’s invention made it possible to control
temperature and humidity levels and so align the colours. The invention also allowed industries
such as film, processed food, textiles and pharmaceuticals to improve the quality of their
products.

B In 1914, the first air-conditioning device was installed in a private house. However, its size,
similar to that of an early computer, meant it took up too much space to come into widespread
use, and later models, such as the Weathermaker, which Carrier brought out in the 1920s, cost
too much for most people. Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, really took
off when three air conditioners were installed in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit,
Michigan. People crowded into the shop to experience the new invention. The fashion spread
from department stores to cinemas, whose income rose steeply as a result of the comfort they

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provided

C To start with, money- conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury. They
considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying them to be
comfortable as well. So in the 1940s and ‘50s, the industry started putting out a different
message about its product: according to their research, installing air conditioning increased
productivity amongst employees. They found that typists increased their output by 24% when
transferred from a regular office to a cooled one. Another study into office working conditions,
which was carried out in the late ‘50s, showed that the majority of companies cited air
conditioning as the single most important contributor to efficiency in offices

D However, air conditioning has its critics. Jed Brown, an environmentalist, complains that
air conditioning is a factor in global warming. Unfortunately, he adds, because air conditioning
leads to higher temperatures, people have to use it even more. However, he admits that it
provides a healthier environment for many people in the heat of summer.

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Exercise 1: Đọc bài đọc sau và nối các nội dung chính của đoạn văn với A, B, C hoặc D tương
ứng với từng đoạn.
Paragraph A (i) The potential negative influences of air
conditioning

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Paragraph B (ii) Unexpected advantages
Paragraph C (iii) The contributions to different industries
Paragraph D (iv) The positive impact on the productivity of
employees
Exercise 2: Đọc bài đọc và chọn đáp đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi dưới đây
When Willis Carrier invented air conditioning, his aim was to

A. make workers feel cooler

B. produce more attractive paper
C. set up a new business
D. solve problems in a factory

Home air conditioners were not popular at first because they were

A. Too big and expensive

B. Not considered necessary
C. Too inefficient
D. Complicated to use

Employers refused to put air conditioning in workplaces at first because they

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A. Could not afford to pay for it

B. Thought it was more suitable for cinemas
C. Did not want to spend money improving working conditions
D. Thought people would not work so hard in comfortable conditions

What was the purpose of the research done in the 1940s and ‘50s?

A. To make office workers produce more

B. To compare different types of air conditioner
C. To persuade business to buy air conditioners
D. To encourage employees to change offices

What does Jed Brown say about air conditioning?

A. In the future, everyone will need it

B. Turning it off will not reduce global warming

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C. It can seriously damage people’s health
D. It is good for people, but bad for the environment

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Bài tập thực hành 2

A BRIEF HISTORY OF FOOTBALL
There is no clear evidence stating where and when football was actually invented, but most
historians agree that some type of ball game had been played centuries before the modern
game developed in England. Football has a long and interesting history and origins of the game
are present in sports played thousands of years ago in China, Egypt, Japan, and Greece.
Aspects of the game can be traced as early as the second and third centuries BC in China.
Their game, originally named 'Tsu Chu', involved kicking a leather ball into a small hole.

The first football games played in Britain were in the 700s and the English equivalent of a
football was made using an animal bladder. Games were violent and injury and death were
common. Despite the violence, however, they were still very popular. The game had become so
popular that in the 1300s Edward II banned the sport because people were playing football
rather than practising archery. This was especially important to this king, as he was preparing
to go to war with Scotland. This was to be the first of many bans imposed by the kings and
queens of England.

In 1605 football became legal and once again the sport grew in popularity.

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In the 1800s it became particularly common in private schools such as Eton, and it was only
then that a set of rules was established. Until then, the game had continued to be violent, as it
had had limited rules and no referees. Before the 1800s, for example, it was considered normal
to hit players on the opposite team and to damage their possessions. In 1848, on Parker's
Piece in Cambridge, these rules were developed further and a new version called the
'Cambridge Rules' was used by all schools, colleges and universities.

Though football could be considered a male sport, women also play it.

An increase in women playing the sport began during the First World War when women did
jobs traditionally done by men. Those working in places like factories regularly met to play.
Unfortunately, a ban was imposed when the war ended, but it was eventually lifted in the UK in
1971. In 1991 China hosted the first Women's World Cup and in 1996 the first- ever women's
football event was held at the Olympics

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Where can the first traces of football be found?

A. Egypt
B. China
C. England

Why did Edward II ban football in the 1300s?

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A. because it was too violent and death was common

B. because he was preparing to go to war with China
C. because people weren't practising archery

Before rules were established in the 1800s, which of these activities was considered normal?

A. stealing from opponents

B. destroying players' property
C. being violent towards the referee

Women started playing football because

A. the ban was lifted in 1971.

B. they started to work during the First World War.
C. in 1991 there was the first Women's World Cup.

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Bài tập thực hành 3

GLOBALISATION OF EDUCATION AND THE WORKPLACE
A. Globalisation has affected most aspects of our lives. One area which has changed is
education. More and more people move to different countries for their studies. At the same
time, more people stay at home and study by distance learning. It is now easy to learn without
attending a college or university, or attending less often. 'Blended learning' means studying
partly in a traditional way in the classroom and partly online or via email. These changes also
mean that there is now more interest in 'lifelong learning', the idea that we go on learning
throughout our working lives and even into retirement. It is easy to attend 'webinars' or online
seminars without being away from our offices. Many adults go back to college later in life
because it is so easy to get a qualification without giving up work or disrupting family life.

B. Different countries have benefitted from the globalisation of education in different ways.
Many British, Australian and American universities run their degree programmes in countries
throughout Asia, and many students, parents and employers feel this is a valuable opportunity.
Students can get an internationally recognised degree at a much cheaper price than going
abroad and so can improve their chances of getting a good job. At the same time, those in the
countries providing world- class degrees also benefit. They have greater access to ideas and
knowledge from all over the world and having international students enriches their universities.

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C. However, it is not good news for everyone in some developing countries. It is usually the elite
- or the richest people in the large cities - who have access to international education. Many
people in rural areas have not even had a primary education. Also, those areas usually do not
have reliable internet connections and most people do not own a computer. It will take a bit
more time for international opportunities to reach everyone in developing countries.

D. One concern people have about globalisation is that it can start to mean 'westernisation'. In
other words, local knowledge can be lost and money seen as more important than culture.
Education should treat every culture with respect; it should not be just learning about the West,
but should include di erentways of teaching and approaches from around the world. The aim
is to enrich and share; the flow of ideas and information should go from East to West as well as
from West to East.

E. Educational institutions have changed their focus due to globalisation. There are so many
benefits of having overseas students that universities are competing for them, using strategies
from the world of business. For example, they visit Education Fairs all over the world and spend
time and money creating publicity material and advertisements. There is also more emphasis
on the student experience. There is more focus on customer care, especially helping
international students to settle in, improve their English and understand the academic culture
of the host country.

F. There are many advantages to the globalisation of education and the workplace. More
people get benefits that were only available to those in the developed countries before. There is
more understanding between different nations as people learn about each other's cultures.

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However, it is important to make sure the benefits reach everyone and don't leave many
citizens of the developing world behind.

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Who benefits from globalised education in developing countries?

A. almost everyone in those countries

B. mainly well-off people in big towns
C. only those in developed countries
D. only those who own a computer

What is the meaning of 'westernisation'?

A. learning only about the West

B. learning local knowledge
C. not learning about culture
D. treating culture with respect

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How has the focus of educational institutions changed?

A. They have become poor value for money.

B. Staff are not committed to their students.
C. They are focused on attracting students.
D. They only want foreign students.

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Bài tập thực hành 4

EDUCATION AND THE WORKPLACE IN THE UK
A. There has been a trend towards creating a closer connection between education/ training
and the workplace. This is because many employers felt that school leavers were not prepared
well enough and didn't have the skills they would need to do well at work. Having a dose
relationship between training and work is not new: apprenticeships were a common way of
learning in the past. Young people learnt by working with an expert, but this was most common
in trades such as builders or electricians. The trend now is for a closer connection between
education and the workplace at all levels and in many different types of job.

B. In 1944, the UK government created a new system of education. Education was divided into
three parts. Children who passed an exam at 11 went to grammar schools. Pupils who didn't do
well in the exam went to 'secondary modern' schools or technical schools. At technical schools
they studied work- based subjects. In practice, however, only 0.5% of pupils went to technical
schools, and this system divided students at a very young age into academic and
nonacademic. The system did not produce good results, and changed to a more equal system
in the 1970s.

C. In the 1980s the British government introduced NVQs or National Vocational Qualifications

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so that young people could get certificates to show their practical skills. It helps employers
understand what workers can do. In 1994, the government started a programme which aimed
to provide 'quality training on a work- based (educational) route'. These 'modern
apprenticeships' are available at three different levels.

D. At the higher levels of education, too, there has been more emphasis on work- based
learning, which links academic study closely to practical experience. At degree level,
companies have linked with universities to create specialised qualifications, such as the BA in
Distribution run between Middlesex University and Asda Supermarket. Such partnerships also
exist at Masters and even doctorate level

E. The development of technology has helped work- based learning to develop. Blended
learning means part of the course can be delivered online, so people don't have to miss work to
go to classes. Older or recently retired employees have been given the opportunity to develop
new skills as tutors, mentors and coaches for the work-based part of these courses. This kind
of work- based training was common in fields such as nursing and teaching, but has now
spread to careers which were traditionally not closely linked to education.

F. There are some challenges involved in work- based learning. Some lecturers might find it
difficult to teach students with a lot of work experience. It may also be difficult to find teachers
who can teach in different places and at different times. However, it is a positive trend as there
are more ways to learn and people can study at different stages of their lives.

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Apprenticeships

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A. are a new way of learning.

B. were common in the past.
C. only existed in the past.
D. did not help people do well at work.

The education system introduced in 1944

A. only affected 0.5% of students.

B. taught only technical subjects.
C. was not a great success.
D. was for academically gifted students.

Blended learning

A. mainly benefits older or retired people.

B. involves mainly face to face classes.

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C. is mainly for teaching and nursing.
D. is convenient for working people.

The challenges of work-based learning include

A. practical issues like when classes are held.

B. students who are not very experienced.
C. more types of learning are acceptable.
D. older people can't use computers well.

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Bài tập thực hành 5

I can put my cash card into an ATM anywhere in the world and take out a fistful of local
currency, while the corresponding amount is debited from my bank account at home. I don 't
even think twice: regardless of the country, I trust that the system will work.

The whole world runs on trust. We trust that people on the street won't rob us, that the bank we
deposited money in last month returns it this month, that the justice system punishes the guilty
and exonerates the innocent. We trust the food we buy won't poison us, and the people we let
in to fix our boiler won't murder us.

[...] Society is an interdependent system that requires widespread co- operation to function.
People need to act in ways that are expected of them, to be consistent and compliant. And not
just individuals, but organizations and systems.

But in any cooperative system, there is an alternative, parasitic strategy available - cheating . A
parasite obtains the benefits of widespread co- operation while at the same time taking
advantage of it. There are - and always will be - robbers, crooked banks and judges who take
bribes. So how do we ensure that the parasites are kept to a small enough minority to not ruin
everything for everyone?

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[....] The paradox is that it is in our collective interest to be trustworthy and to co-operate, while
it is in our individual self- interest to be parasitic and defect, or cheat. If too many defects,
society stops functioning, the crime rate soars, international banking collapses and judicial
rulings become available for sale to the highest bidder. No one would trust anyone because
there wouldn't be enough trust to go around.

[...] If we can increase the benefits of co- operation or the costs of defection, we can induce
people to act in the group interest because it is also in their self interest. These mechanisms
have been called societal pressures. A bank's reputation in the community is a societal
pressure. So is the lock on the ATM that keeps criminals out.

[...] In reality, there is a complex interplay of societal pressures. The most basic are moral
systems regulating our own behaviour. Most of us try not to treat others unfairly because it
makes us feel bad and we know they will treat us badly in return. Most don 't steal because we
feel guilty - and there are consequences when we are caught. We recognize it is in our long -
term self-interest not to act in our immediate self-interest.

Morals and reputation worked well enough for primitive lifestyles, but these began to fail as
society grew too large. Trust is personal and intimate among people who know each other, and
morals and reputation are easily limited to an ingroup. Institutional systems - laws - formalized
reputational systems, and security technologies allowed societal pressures to scale up as we
expanded into ever-larger groups.

[...] This trust isn't absolute, of course. Not every societal pressure affects everyone equally.
Some care more about their reputations, others are naturally law- abiding and still others are

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better at picking locks. But the goal isn't total compliance, just to limit the scope for defection.
Criminals still target ATMs, and the occasional rogue bank employee steals money from
accounts. But for the most part, societal pressures keep defector damage small enough to
keep the system intact.

But sometimes the scope is too great, and underlying systems come crashing down.
Overfishing has destroyed breeding stocks in many places. Crime and corruption have
devastated some countries. The international banking system almost collapsed in 2008. But in
general, societal pressures work as a delicate balance between co-operation and defection.

[....] The balance isn't static - technological changes disrupt it all the time. The changes can be
related to defecting, so ATM- based 'card- skimmers' make it easier for criminals to steal my
codes and empty my bank account. Or they may be related to security, with computerized
auditing technology making it more difficult for fraudulent transactions to go through the
system unnoticed.

[...] Life becomes dangerous and insecure when new technologies, innovations and ideas
increase the scope of defection. Defectors innovate. New attacks become possible. Existing
attacks become easier, cheaper, more reliable or more devastating. More people may defect,
simply because it's easier to. In response, society must also innovate, to reduce the scope of
defection and restore the balance. This dynamic is as old as civilization.

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Global banking, terrorists with nuclear weapons, genetic engineering, bio-weapons, pandemics:
we now have such dangerous systems that a few defectors can wreak havoc so great that
reactive rebalancing might not be enough. Worse still, by the time that society realizes the
gravity of the situation, irreversible damage may already have been done.

To add to the complexity, not all defectors are bad. Neither co-operation nor defection relate to
any absolute standard of morality. It is defectors who are in the vanguard for change, such as
those who helped escaped slaves in the US before the civil war. It is defectors who agitate to
overthrow the repressive regimes they live under.

[...] How to achieve the balance is at the core of many of our debates about introducing laws to
police the Internet. Anonymity is essential to freedom and liberty and saves the lives of
dissidents everywhere. Yet it also protects criminals. Copyright both protects and stifles
innovation. [...] The big challenge will be to understand how to simultaneously provide both
more societal pressure to deal with the threats of technology, and less pressure to ensure an
open, free and evolving society.

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

We tend to act in a trusting and co-operative way because

A. the collective interest is greater than our individual interest.

B. group and individual interest are generally equal.
C. the consequences of cheating are too great.

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D. it is in our nature to act in a moral manner.

The writer says that trust is limited because

A. it does not include our opinions of the law.

B. we only trust those we are familiar with.
C. it is linked to our personal reputation.
D. it is likely that cheats do not trust anyone.

The examples of overfishing and the problem of the banking system show that

A. problems affect both society and the natural world.

B. the system of trust is not reliable.
C. the balance between co-operation and cheating is always at risk.
D. people who cheat the system will sometimes have an advantage.

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn các đặc điểm đúng của dạng câu hỏi MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
Lưu ý: Có thể chọn NHIỀU HƠN 1 ĐÁP ÁN

Mỗi câu hỏi sẽ có 3 tới 4 đáp án để lựa chọn

Mỗi câu hỏi sẽ có nhiều hơn 1 đáp án đúng
Thứ tự các câu hỏi được thiết kế theo trình tự thời gian
Thứ tự các câu hỏi được thiết kế theo trình tự bài đọc
Chúng ta sẽ tìm thấy chính xác các từ khóa của câu hỏi ở trong bài đọc
Nội dung câu hỏi có thể được diễn đạt bằng các từ đồng nghĩa / trái nghĩa với bài đọc
Chỉ cần dựa vào danh từ, động từ, tính từ để hiểu nội dung câu hỏi

Exercise 2: Chọn chu trình đúng để xử lý dạng câu hỏi MCQs

Chọn 1 đáp án

A. Xác định keywords trong câu hỏi > Đọc lướt bài đọc để xác định nội dung chính từng

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đoạn > Khoanh vùng thông tin cần tìm > So sánh vùng thông tin với từng đáp án > Chọn
đáp án đúng
B. Xác định keywords trong câu hỏi và đáp án > Đọc lướt bài đọc để xác định nội dung
chính từng đoạn > Khoanh vùng thông tin cần tìm > Đọc kĩ vùng thông tin để tìm từ khóa
> Chọn đáp án đúng
C. Đọc quét bài đọc để xác định nội dung chính từng đoạn > Xác định keywords trong
câu hỏi và đáp án > Chọn đáp án đúng > So sánh đáp án với nội dung chính của từng
đoạn xem có khớp không > Scan lại đáp án lần nữa nếu không khớp

Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án chứa keywords của các câu hỏi sau
When Willis Carrier invented air conditioning, his aim was to_____

A. when/ Willis Carrier/ invented/ air conditioning

B. Willis Carrier/ invented/ air conditioning/ his aim
C. when/ Willis Carrier/ invented/ air/ his/ aim/ to

Home air conditioners were not popular at first because they were_____

A. Home air conditioners/ not popular/ because/ were

B. air conditioners/ not popular/ because/ they
C. Home air conditioners/ not popular/ at first/ because

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Employers refused to put air conditioning in workplace at first because they _____

A. Employers/ refused/ air conditioning/ workplace/ at first/ because

B. Employers/ refused/ to/ conditioning/ workplace/ because/ they
C. Employers/ refused/ put/ air/ conditioning/ in/ workplace/ at first

Exercise 4: Đọc bài đọc sau và tìm trong đoạn văn từ đồng nghĩa (synonym) hoặc trái nghĩa
(antonym) với các từ IN HOA ở các câu sau
Lưu ý: Đáp án cần viết lại CHÍNH XÁC những từ trong đoạn văn với số lượng từ được gợi ý ở
mỗi câu

Air conditioning
The history of an invention that makes life more pleasant

Willis Carrier designed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902, just a year after graduating from
Cornell University with a Masters in Engineering. At a Brooklyn printing plant, fluctuations in
heat and moisture were causing the size of the printing paper to keep changing slightly, making
it hard to align different colours. Carrier’s invention made it possible to control temperature and

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humidity levels and so align the colours. The invention also allowed industries such as film,
processed food, textiles and pharmaceuticals to improve the quality of their products.

In 1914, the first air- conditioning device was installed in a private house. However, its size,
similar to that of an early computer, meant it took up too much space to come into widespread
use, and later models, such as the Weathermaker, which Carrier brought out in the 1920s, cost
too much for most people. Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, really took
off when three air conditioners were installed in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit,
Michigan. People crowded into the shop to experience the new invention. The fashion spread
from department stores to cinemas, whose income rose steeply as a result of the comfort they
provided

To start with, money- conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury. They
considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying them to be
comfortable as well. So in the 1940s and ‘50s, the industry started putting out a different
message about its product: according to their research, installing air conditioning increased
productivity amongst employees. They found that typists increased their output by 24% when
transferred from a regular office to a cooled one. Another study into office working conditions,
which was carried out in the late ‘50s, showed that the majority of companies cited air
conditioning as the single most important contributor to efficiency in offices

However, air conditioning has its critics. Jed Brown, an environmentalist, complains that air
conditioning is a factor in global warming. Unfortunately, he adds, because air conditioning
leads to higher temperatures, people have to use it even more. However, he admits that it
provides a healthier environment for many people in the heat of summer.

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Will Carrier’s invention of air conditioning ENABLE US to... (Synomym)

A. took up
B. took off
C. made it possible

Home air conditioners WERE NOT POPULAR at first because they were… (Antonym)

A. come into widespread use

B. were installed
C. crowded into

The purpose of the RESEARCH done in the 1940s and ‘50s … (Synonym)

A. invention
B. study

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C. models

What Jed Brown does not SPEAK HIGHLY of air conditioning was ... (Antonym)

A. complains
B. adds
C. admits

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Bài tập thực hành 1

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN’S PLAY

Brick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. Imagining fairy-tale turrets and
fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she’s creating an enchanting world.
Although she isn’t aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her
capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger
brother. When she bosses him around as his ‘teacher’, she’s practising how to regulate her
emotions through pretence. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game,
she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’ says
Dr.David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. ‘It
underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success
as a highly adaptable species.’

Recognizing the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher

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Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-
based learning have been developing since the 19th century.

But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play,
pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. ‘The opportunities for free
play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,’
he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents’
increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis
on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop
policies concerned with children’s right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities
and educational programmes. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on. ‘The
type of play we are interested in is child- initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable – but, as
soon as you ask a five-year-old “to play”, then you as the researcher have intervened,’ explains
Dr. Sara Baker. ‘And we want to know what the long- term impact of the play is. It’s a real
challenge.’

Dr. Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and
why play is important to have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the
child’s later life.

Read the following passage and complete the note using NO MORE THAN 1 WORD for each
answer

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Chú thích nghĩa:

child-initiated: do trẻ em khởi xướng

spontaneous: tự phát

unpredictable: không thể đoán trước

Children’s play
Uses of children’s play
• building a ‘magical kingdom’ may help develop ___________
• board games involve ___________ and turn-taking

Recent changes affecting children’s play

• population of ___________ have grown
• opportunities for free play are limited due to
– fear of ___________
– fear of ___________
– increased ___________ in schools

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International policies on children’s play
• it is difficult to find ___________ to support new policies
• research needs to study the impact of play on the rest of the child’s ___________

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Bài tập thực hành 3

A. Mukesh Ambani is one of the richest men in the world, and the first man to own a private
residence costing more than one billion dollars to build. The home is on Altamout Road in
Mumbai, one of the most expensive addresses in the world. Named after the mythical island
Antilia, the property has 27 floors.

B. The interior of the home is very glamorous and each floor is made from different materials
to give an individual look. Marble floors, rare wood and fine rugs are just some of the design
features used to create this extravagant home. The lotus flower and the sun are common
symbols used throughout. Many of the rooms have floor- to- ceiling glass windows, offering
spectacular views of Mumbai and the Arabian Sea.

C. The skyscraper has a multiple-storey garage with space for 168 cars. Alternatively, there are
also three helipads on the roof of the building. The lobby has numerous reception areas and
nine lifts. There are also several floors for dining, vast libraries and a health spa, including a
gym, several swimming pools and yoga facilities. There is even an 'ice- room' which creates
man-made snow, a Hindu prayer room and several floors of gardens.

D. The Ambani residence is clearly designed to entertain guests. It has a theatre which seats
50, several guest bedrooms and a grand ballroom filled with chandeliers.

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E. The living quarters are on the top floors, because the family wanted as much sunlight as
possible. The 400,000 ft2 residence requires 600 staff, but all three Ambani children are
required to clean their own rooms when they are at home.

F. Several experts have criticised the architecture of this very expensive home, comparing it to
an 'unstable pile of books'. Mrs Ambani, however, describes her home as 'an elevated house on
top of a garden' and 'a modern home with an Indian heart'.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer
The name Antilia comes from a ___________.
There are many facilities to accommodate a large number of ___________.
Opinions on the ___________ of the house vary.

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Bài tập thực hành 3

A. Mukesh Ambani is one of the richest men in the world, and the first man to own a private
residence costing more than one billion dollars to build. The home is on Altamout Road in
Mumbai, one of the most expensive addresses in the world. Named after the mythical island
Antilia, the property has 27 floors.

B. The interior of the home is very glamorous and each floor is made from different materials
to give an individual look. Marble floors, rare wood and fine rugs are just some of the design
features used to create this extravagant home. The lotus flower and the sun are common
symbols used throughout. Many of the rooms have floor- to- ceiling glass windows, offering
spectacular views of Mumbai and the Arabian Sea.

C. The skyscraper has a multiple-storey garage with space for 168 cars. Alternatively, there are
also three helipads on the roof of the building. The lobby has numerous reception areas and
nine lifts. There are also several floors for dining, vast libraries and a health spa, including a
gym, several swimming pools and yoga facilities. There is even an 'ice- room' which creates
man-made snow, a Hindu prayer room and several floors of gardens.

D. The Ambani residence is clearly designed to entertain guests. It has a theatre which seats
50, several guest bedrooms and a grand ballroom filled with chandeliers.

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E. The living quarters are on the top floors, because the family wanted as much sunlight as
possible. The 400,000 ft2 residence requires 600 staff, but all three Ambani children are
required to clean their own rooms when they are at home.

F. Several experts have criticised the architecture of this very expensive home, comparing it to
an 'unstable pile of books'. Mrs Ambani, however, describes her home as 'an elevated house on
top of a garden' and 'a modern home with an Indian heart'.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer
The name Antilia comes from a ___________.
There are many facilities to accommodate a large number of ___________.
Opinions on the ___________ of the house vary.

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Bài tập thực hành 2

AMAZING HOMES
A. One unusual place to live is a houseboat. Amsterdam in Holland is famous for its
houseboats - there are about 2,500 of them. They have everything that a normal house has: a
living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom and even sometimes a terrace on the roof. They are
cheaper than houses and people who live on houseboats enjoy being close to nature. Some
houseboats can be moved to other parts of the river, while others are permanently in one place.

B. In Tokyo, Japan, there is a see-through house. It is like a normal Japanese house but all the
walls are made of glass. There is plenty of daylight but no privacy. Architect Sou Fujimoto
designed it for a couple to make their home. He based his ideas on early man living in trees. It
wouldn't suit everyone but the couple who live there love the feeling of being surrounded by the
natural world.

C. All around the world, people live in homes made from shipping containers. Some use only
one container, while others are made from several containers joined together. One house in
Chile was built from 12 containers. They are cheap to buy and eco-friendly. They can also be
placed in the garden or drive as guest rooms, studies or utility rooms.

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D. In Germany, you can stay in a one- metre- square house, the smallest house in the world,
called the House NA. Van Bo Le-Mentzel, a refugee from Laos, built it to draw attention to the
world housing shortage. It is a wooden structure on wheels and weighs 40 kg. It has a locking
door and a window. You can turn it onto its side when you want to lie down. Franz from Munich
spent the night in one recently 'just to see what it was like'. He found it a bit uncomfortable!

E. For an unusual holiday you can stay in an igloo, a house made of ice. These can be found in
several countries including Sweden, Norway and Finland. They are built new every winter. Jenny
and Callum, visitors from Australia, told us, 'We slept in an igloo last night. It's so cold here -
minus 5 degrees centigrade. We used reindeer skins to keep warm!'

F. Another couple, Shaun and Rachel from Manchester, enjoyed a recent holiday in a treehouse
in Sussex, England. They said, 'It was right up in the trees and had everything we needed, even
wifi! It had a small kitchen and we did our own cooking. It was the perfect place to get away
from our busy lives.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The two people who live in the transparent house love it, but it wouldn't ___________.
The designer of the smallest house hopes to ___________ to the lack of houses all over the
world.
People who stay in igloos sometimes protect themselves from the cold by making use of
___________.
People who have ___________ would find a holiday in a treehouse ideal.

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Bài tập thực hành 4

HOME FROM HOME
A. I remember feeling the first time I left home that I would never be able to feel at home
anywhere but in my home. No other place would have my mum and dad, my annoying little
brother and my cat, Tilly. Nowhere would smell like my home - my mum's roast chicken in the
oven and the salty, seaweed smell that drifted in from the nearby beach. The sound of seagulls
squawking was the sound of home. Nowhere else would I feel comfortable enough to put my
feet up under me and gaze into the log fire dreaming of the future.

B. I was 15 when I first went away from home on a school trip to Germany. My friends were
going too, but we would all stay with different families. I was nervous about this. I knew the
home I was going to would not be as comfortable as mine, the family would not be as kind, and
who knew what the German food would be like? I knew I would spend three weeks, homesick
and sad, missing my family back home.

C. We arrived in Germany late at night after a long journey by coach and boat. I was tired and
hungry. We went into the school hall, where the host families were waiting to meet us. I
wondered which one would be mine. Would they give me dinner at this time and would I be able
to eat the unfamiliar food? Suddenly I heard my name called and the name of my exchange

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partner, Brigitte Schmitt. A pretty, blonde girl stepped forward, smiling widely. Behind her stood
her parents, a pleasant looking couple who were also smiling. They held out their hands and
said, 'Wilkommen in Deutschland. Welcome to Germany.'

D. I spent three happy weeks with the Schmitt family. Brigitte had an elder brother, Hendrik, and
a younger sister, Lisa. They had two cats, Ping and Pong, who sat on my lap as I looked into the
fire in the evenings. The whole family were kind and welcoming. My room was cosy and warm
and looked out onto a forest. The fresh clean smell of the trees and of apples baking in the
oven became familiar and comforting, like the smells of home. I learnt in those three weeks
that you can feel at home anywhere that people are kind to you.

E. Later that year, Brigitte came to stay with me in the UK. I gave her my room and moved in
with my brother. I cleared space for her clothes and put fresh flowers in a vase by the bed. I
asked my mum to make her famous roast chicken and an apple pie to make our guest feel at
home. We made a welcome banner and put it up on the front door. I did everything I could to
help Brigitte feel at home with us. I now understood the importance of a warm welcome.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer
The writer's mother often cooks ___________.
She thought the visit to Germany would make her feel ___________.
Brigitte came to pick up the girl with ___________.
The Schmitt family's pets' names are ___________.
From her bedroom the girl could see a ___________.
The girl and her family tried hard to make Brigitte ___________.

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Bài tập thực hành 5

HEARST CASTLE
A. William Randolph Hearst was a successful American newspaper publisher who received
over 1,000 km2 of land when his mother died in 1919. Initially, he had planned to build just a
small bungalow, so he hired Julia Morgan, the first female architect in California. Together,
however, they designed a magnificent castle which cost 10 million dollars and took 28 years to
build. The property, named La Cuesta Encantada (The Enchanted Mountain), has 56 bedrooms,
61 bathrooms, 19 sitting rooms and about 52,000 m2 of garden.

B. Hearst loved travelling to Europe when he was a child and we can see this in the overall
design of the house. He even included cathedral ceilings and Roman columns in his home.
Hearst was also a keen art collector and, during his lifetime, spent $3.5 million on his
collection, which is displayed in the rooms at Hearst Castle. Today, his collection is worth much
more, with one piece alone valued at $10 million.

C. One of the highlights of the estate is the Neptune Pool. It took 15 years to build and includes
the front of an ancient Roman temple. It is on top of a hill and has wonderful views of the
mountains, ocean and main house. The pool was rebuilt three times until he was satisfied.

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D. Although the inside of the house is very European, the outside is very Californian, with palm
trees and water. Hearst loved trees and 70,000 were planted on the property during his lifetime.
The castle was also home to the world's largest private zoo, holding animals from every
continent. Although the zoo is now closed, zebras can still be seen on the hillside.

E. As well as the Casa Grande (the main house), there are also three guest houses on the
property: Caso Del Monte, Caso Del Sol and Caso Del Mor Hearst entertained a great number
of Hollywood stars and political leaders at the castle and many used his private airfield. Guests
had to attend formal dinners every evening, but were free to do what they liked during the day.
They were invited to stay as long as they wanted, but the longer they stayed, the further away
they sat from Hearst at the dinner table.

F. When Hearst died in 1951, his family learnt how expensive maintenance would be, and the
mansion was donated to the State of California. Since then, it has been open for public tours
and the site attracts millions of tourists every year. However, the Hearst family is still allowed to
use it when they wish. The castle was never completed and remains unfinished.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer
As a child, Hearst enjoyed his holidays in ___________.
Hearst inherited the land from his ___________.
Builders spent ___________ creating the magnificent Neptune Pool.
Hearst took animals from ___________ for his private zoo.
Although the zoo is now closed, ___________ still walk about the hillside.
The family donated the property because of ___________.

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn 3 đáp án đúng
Đâu là những đặc điểm của dạng câu hỏi điền từ?

Không giới hạn số từ cần điền

Xuất hiện dưới dạng đoạn văn, sơ đồ,... bị khuyết thông tin
Chỉ được điền 1 từ duy nhất vào mỗi chỗ trống
Các keywords trong câu hỏi sẽ không giống hoàn toàn với dạng từ trong bài đọc
Các từ cần điền sẽ chính xác là từ trong bài đọc

Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng

Đâu là trình tự đúng của các bước giải quyết dạng câu hỏi điền từ

A. Đọc lướt bài đọc để xác định nội dung chính từng đoạn > Đọc và tìm từ khóa trong câu
hỏi > Dự đoán nội dung thông tin cần điền > Đọc kĩ bài đọc tìm và câu trả lời
B. Đọc yêu cầu về số lượng từ của đáp án > Dự đoán nội dung thông tin bị khuyết > Đọc
và tìm từ khóa trong câu hỏi > Đọc lướt bài đọc để xác định nội dung chính từng đoạn >

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Đọc kĩ bài đọc và tìm câu trả lời
C. Dự đoán nội dung thông tin bị khuyết > Đọc và tìm từ khóa trong câu hỏi > Đọc lướt bài
đọc để xác định nội dung chính từng đoạn > Đọc yêu cầu về số lượng từ của đáp án >
Đọc kĩ bài đọc và tìm câu trả lời

Exercise 3: Nối các đề bài sau đây với các đáp án hợp lệ
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for 1 từ
each answer
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for 1 từ, 1 số, 1 từ 1 số
each answer
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer 1 từ, 1 số, 1 từ 1 số, 2 từ, 2 từ 1 số
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR 1, 2, 3 từ
A NUMBER for each answer
Exercise 4: Nối các câu hỏi với dự đoán về câu trả lời tương ứng
Worked as a _____ in Italy Địa điểm
Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a Công việc, nghề nghiệp
_______
In 1934, won a ______ for a book Phương tiện
First formal education at _____ Khoảng thời gian
Travelled to the Lebanon, where she learned Thông tin khác
______

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Spent a further ______ in the Middle East undefined

Exercise 5: Chọn đáp án chứa những keywords của các câu hỏi sau
Travelled to the Lebanon, where she learned ______

A. travelled/ to/ Lebanon/ learned

B. travelled/ Lebanon/ where/ learned
C. travelled/ Lebanon/ she/ learned

Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a _______

A. made/ journey/ to/ Syrian

B. made/ journey/ Syrian mountains/ on
C. made/ to/ mountains/ on

Spent a further ______ in the Middle East

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A. spent/ further/ Middle East
B. spent/ in/ Middle East
C. spent/ further/ East

Exercise 6: Đọc và nối từng đoạn văn với ý chính tương ứng của chúng
Freya Stark, explorer and writer
Freya Stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone.

A Freya Stark was an explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as
heroes. She travelled to distant areas of the Middle East, where few Europeans - especially
women - had travelled before. She also travelled extensively in Turkey, Greece, Italy, Nepal and
Afghanistan.

B Stark was born in Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she
moved about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian. She entered
London University in 1912, but at the start of World War 1, she joined the nurse corps and was
sent to Italy. After the war,she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.
Her studies there led to extensive travel in the middle east, enabling her to eventually become
fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish.

C Stark became well known as a traveller and explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to
the Lebanon in 1977 at the age of 33 when she had saved enough money, and while there, she
studied Arabic. In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in

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Syria. During another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran,
where she made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect
known as the Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934). a classic for
which she was awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Geographic Society. For the next 12 years,
she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an
account of her journeys with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and
politics of the Middle East.

Paragraph A (i) Who is Freya Stark?

Paragraph B (ii) Freya Stark’s career ladder step-by-step
Paragraph C (iii) The journey of becoming a professional
writer
Exercise 7: Đọc bài đọc và hoàn thành sơ đồ sau với KHÔNG NHIỀU HƠN 2 TỪ VÀ/HOẶC 1 SỐ
Freya Stark, explorer and writer
Freya Stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone.

A Freya Stark was an explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as
heroes. She travelled to distant areas of the Middle East, where few Europeans - especially

PREP.VN
women - had travelled before. She also travelled extensively in Turkey, Greece, Italy, Nepal and
Afghanistan.

B Stark was born in Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she
moved about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian. She entered
London University in 1912, but at the start of World War 1, she joined the nurse corps and was
sent to Italy. After the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.
Her studies there led to extensive travel in the middle east, enabling her to eventually become
fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish.

C Stark became well known as a traveller and explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to
the Lebanon in 1977 at the age of 33 when she had saved enough money, and while there, she
studied Arabic. In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in
Syria. During another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran,
where she made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect
known as the Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934). a classic for
which she was awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Geographic Society. For the next 12 years,
she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an
account of her journeys with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and
politics of the Middle East.

___________
___________
___________
___________
___________

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___________

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Nối dạng câu hỏi với đặc điểm tương ứng
Được cung cấp một số phát biểu và nhiệm vụ TRUE - FALSE
là xác định xem chúng có phù hợp với quan
điểm (Opinions) của tác giả trong bài đọc hay
không
Được cung cấp một số phát biểu dựa trên sự YES - NO
thật khách quan (Facts) trong bài đọc, và
nhiệm vụ là quyết định những phát biểu ấy là
đúng hay sai
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án có thứ tự chính xác về phương pháp làm bài IELTS Reading dạng câu
hỏi xác định đúng sai (True/False) - (Yes/No)
Đâu là quy trình đúng để giải quyết dạng bài TRUE - FALSE hoặc YES - NO

A. Đọc và tìm từ khóa câu hỏi > Tìm từ khóa trong đoạn văn > Đọc kĩ đoạn văn và tìm câu
trả lời
B. Đọc yêu cầu đề bài là TRUE/FALSE hay YES/NO > Đọc và tìm từ khóa câu hỏi > Đọc và
tìm nội dung chính từng đoạn văn > Đọc kĩ bài đọc và tìm câu trả lời

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C. Đọc yêu cầu đề bài là TRUE/FALSE hay YES/NO > Đọc và tìm nội dung chính từng
đoạn văn > Đọc và tìm từ khóa câu hỏi > Đọc kĩ bài đọc và tìm câu trả lời

Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án chứa các keywords của mỗi mệnh đề (câu hỏi) sau
At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.

A. At/ time/ voyage/ unique/ skills

B. At the time/ his voyage/ had/ unique/ skills
C. At the time/ his voyage/ Mau/ unique navigational skills

Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti

A. Mau/ familiar/ sea/ Tahiti

B. Mau/ was/ familiar/ around Tahiti
C. Mau/ familiar/ with/ the

Mau secretly used compass to follow the right direction

A. Mau/ used/ compass/ to/ follow/ direction

B. Mau/ secretly used compass/ follow / right direction

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C. Mau/ used/ compass/ right direction

Mau’s grandfather was his teacher

A. grandfather/ was/ his/ teacher

B. Mau/ was/ his/ teacher
C. Mau’s grandfather/ his/ teacher

Exercise 4: Hãy đọc lướt và nối các đoạn văn sau với nội dung chính tương ứng
Bài tập này sẽ hỗ trợ các bạn khoanh vùng thông tin để dễ dàng làm bước tiếp theo: Đọc kỹ và
tìm câu trả lời

Mau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional

methods.

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A. In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional
Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging
Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers in the distant past
could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or
whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive
who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind, and the sea. He had never
before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the
wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage
took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without a compass or charts.

B. His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby.
He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behavior of the waves and
wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions
of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.

C. The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by
reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional
secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the
positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he
knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.

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Paragraph A (i) Mau Piailug and his crew explore the

ocean
Paragraph B (ii) Transfering the special skills to next
generations
Paragraph C (iii) Ocean exploration without specialized
equipment
Exercise 5: Đọc bài đọc và chọn True hoặc False
Mau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methods.

A In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional
Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging
Society had organised the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers in the distant
past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments,
or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man
alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea. He had never
before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the
wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage

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took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without a compass or charts.

B His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby.
He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and
wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorise the positions
of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.

C The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by
reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional
secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the
positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he
knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.

At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills

A. True
B. False

Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti

A. True
B. False

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Mau secretly used compass to follow the right direction

A. True
B. False

Mau’s grandfather was his teacher

A. True
B. False

Mau used stones to learn where each star was situated in the sky

A. True
B. False

Mau expected his students to memorise the positions of the stars

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A. True
B. False

Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án chứa các keywords của mỗi mệnh đề sau
Teenagers are more ready to have new experiences than young adults

A. teenagers/ are/ more ready/have/ experiences/ adults

B. teenagers/ more ready/ new experiences/ young adults
C. teenagers/ ready/ have/ new/ experiences/ than/ young

Life demands are different depending on which country you live in

A. life demands/ different/ depending/ country

B. life demands/ are/ depending/ on/ live / in
C. demands/ are different/ depending/ which/ country

Children who dislike new experiences become more adventurous than others as adults

A. children/ dislike/ experiences/ become/ adventurous/ than/ others

B. children/ who/ dislike/ new/ more adventurous/ than/ as/ adults

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C. children/ dislike/ new experiences/ become/ more adventurous/ adults

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Bài tập thực hành 1

In 1990, a young American named Christopher McCandless gave up his career plans, left
behind everyone he knew, including his family, and went off on an adventure. He was 22 at the
time. In an act of kindness, he donated all his savings to the famous charity, Oxfam
International, and hitchhiked his way through America to Alaska. His decisions were so unusual
for his age that Jon Krakauer wrote a book about them called Into the Wild , and Sean Penn
directed a film that had the same title.

Of course, this is an unusual story. Most college graduates would not do quite the same thing.
However, studies do show that in the teenage years, people are more likely to try out new
experiences. Instead of following the family career path, for example, and working his way up
the same organisation like his grandfather did, a.15- year- old may dream about becoming a
traveller - only to find in his early 20s that this fascination with new places is declining and
change is less attractive. This age-related trend can be observed in all cultures.

The reason why people all over the world become less keen to change as they get older maybe
because people's lives generally follow similar patterns and involve similar demands. Most
people, wherever they are, aim to find a job and a partner. As they get older, they may have
young children to look after and possibly elderly family members. These responsibilities cannot
be achieved without some degree of consistency, which means that new experiences and

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ideas may not have a place in the person's life. New experiences may bring excitement but also
insecurity, and so most people prefer to stay with the familiar.

However, not every individual is the same. One toddler may want to play a different game every
day and get fed up if nothing changes at the nursery. Another may seek out and play with the
same children and toys on every visit. Young children who avoid new experiences will grow up
to be more conventional than others. Psychologists argue that those who have more open
personalities as children are more open than others might be when they are older. They also
suggest that young men have a greater interest in novelty than women, although, as they age,
this desire for new experiences fades more quickly than it does in women.

The truth is that, as we get older, we prefer the things we know. We tend to order the same
meals in restaurants, sit on the same side of the train when we commute to work, go on holiday
to the same places and construct our day in the same way. If you are older than 20, remember
that your openness to new experiences is slowly declining. So you are better off making a new
start today than postponing it until later.

Exercise 7: Đọc đoạn trích sau và quyết định mỗi mệnh đề sau là Yes hoặc No
YES - đồng ý với ý kiến của tác giả

NO - không đồng ý với ý kiến của tác giả

Teenagers are more ready to have new experiences than young adults

A. Yes

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B. No

Life demands are different depending on which country you live in

A. Yes
B. No

Some toddlers find repetitive activities boring

A. Yes
B. No

Children who dislike new experiences become more adventurous than others as adults

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes
B. No
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If you want to change something in your life, you should avoid delay

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Bài tập thực hành 2

Parkour
A. Parkour was developed in France in the 1980s by Raymond Belle and later by his son David
Belle and his friends. It is based on military obstacle course training. The aim is to get from one
point to another in any way you can, and express yourself while doing so. There are no limits on
how you move in parkour: running, climbing, swinging, jumping, rolling and any other types of
movement are possible. Parkour is more of a philosophy or set of ideas than a sport. It is a
new way of seeing the environment and finding ways to go over, under, around, across or
through obstacles.

B. Parkour can be done alone or in groups. The most famous group of traceurs (people who do
parkour) were the Yamakasi, a group made up of David Belle and his friends and cousins. They
formed in the late 1980s and became popular during the 1990s and 2000s after appearing in
several films, documentaries and advertisements. In the Yamakasi, there were strict rules.
Members had to arrive on time and they were not allowed to complain or make excuses. They
valued humility, so they were not allowed to show off or compete with other members.

C. Parkour is a 'state of mind'. It is about getting over mental as well as physical barriers. It
teaches people to touch the world and interact with it. It is about understanding what it means

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to be human. The organisation Parkour.net believes that parkour can never be a competitive
sport. It is an art and is concerned with self-development. They say you can't ask, 'Who is the
best at parkour?' Raymond Belle's advice is: 'If two roads open up before you, always take the
more difficult one. Because you know you can travel the easy one.

D. There are some gyms and camps where you can practise and learn parkour. However, many
traceurs do not like the idea of special places for their activity. The idea behind parkour is to
adapt to any environment and be creative about how you get through it. It is about freedom and
self expression. The founder of parkour refused to teach people how to do moves or get over
obstacles. The whole point is to learn your own technique and way of moving. So the idea of
having classes or a limited space to practise in conflicts with the values of parkour.

E. Parkour is also known as freerunning. Sometimes freerunning refers to another form of

parkour developed by Sebastien Foucan, which has more focus on the individual. The term
freerunning came out of the film Jump London (2003). It told the story of three French traceurs
practising parkour around the famous monuments of London. Freerunning was the English
translation of parkour. There are more similarities than differences between the two activities,
and the Parkour UK website uses the two terms to refer to the same activity.

Do the following statements agree with the information in the text?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

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You have to use a limited number of moves in parkour. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

Parkour is mainly done in the countryside. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

Parkour began in the twentieth century. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

The Yamakasi did not allow latecomers. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

When doing parkour, Raymond Belle recommends that A. True

you always choose the easy route. B. False
C. Not Given

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There are many gyms in France where you can do A. True
parkour. B. False
C. Not Given

The founder of parkour was a very good teacher of A. True

parkour. B. False
C. Not Given

Freerunning and parkour are similar. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 3

Famous animals
A. Like people, animals each have their own personality and talents. And like some people,
some animals achieve fame. Some of them become famous through films, TV or
advertisements, and others through their work, for example rescuing people or playing a role in
a war. Still others have done something special or been the first to do something.

B. There have been many famous dogs in history. One of them is Hachiko, a dog remembered
for his loyalty to his owner. Hachiko was born in Japan in 1923 and was owned by Hidesaburo
Ueno, a professor at Tokyo University. Every day, Hachiko waited for Ueno at Shibuya station
and the pair walked home together. One day in May 1925, Ueno died suddenly while he was at
work. For the next nine years, nine months and 15

days, his faithful dog continued to meet the train his owner used to take every day. At first the
station staff did not welcome him, but gradually people understood his loyalty and began giving
him food and treats. Hachiko did not stop waiting for Ueno until his own death in 1935. There
have been films and books about Hachiko, and every year there is a ceremony to
commemorate him at the railway station in Tokyo, where he waited so faithfully.

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C. One animal that achieved fame in the twenty-first century is Knut the polar bear. Knut was
born in Berlin Zoo in December 2006. Sadly, Knut was rejected by his mother, Tosca, and was
raised by zookeepers. Knut was extremely popular with the public, not only in Germany, but
across the world. Knut's story increased attendance at the zoo by about 30% and increased the
zoo's revenue by five million euros. The zoo made substantial amounts of money by selling
Knut toys, candy and other products. There were even songs written about him. By the time he
was a year old, Knut weighed almost 100 kg and it was too dangerous for him to be handled by
humans. Poor Knut missed his favourite keeper. Knut suffered in his short life without his
mother, and later without human contact. He died of a virus at the age of four.

D. Even some wild animals have become famous. One of them is Elsa the lioness, born in 1956.
Elsa's mother was killed by a game warden, a person whose job it was to protect wild animals.
The warden, George Adamson, had killed the lioness to defend himself, but he felt guilty about
the orphaned cubs. He and his wife, Joy, took them home and brought them up. They trained
Elsa, one of the cubs, to live in the wild. During her adult life in the wild, she had three cubs and
took them to visit her human foster parents. Joy Adamson told Elsa's story in a book called
Born Free. Born Free was made into a film, which was popular with both adults and children. In
1984, the actors who had starred in the film started the Born Free Foundation, an organisation
that protects wildlife in many ways. The Foundation's important work includes improving
conditions in zoos and circuses, stopping hunting for 'sport' and working against the killing of
elephants for ivory.

E. Many of us enjoy learning about famous animals. They can inspire us with their characters
and stories, just as human celebrities can. Some of them are remembered for years through
books, films, toys and other items created in their memory. But in the end, it is humans and not

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the animals themselves who benefit from that fame.

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the reading passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

All animals are very much the same. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

There are many different reasons why animals might be A. Yes

remembered. B. No
C. Not Given

Ueno died after a long illness. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

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After some time, the people who worked at the railway A. Yes
station were kind to Hachiko. B. No
C. Not Given

The songs written about Knut were very popular. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

Knut had a happy life because of his fame. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

The Adamsons made money from Elsa. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

The Born Free Foundation does useful work. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

Famous animals get many advantages from their fame. A. Yes

B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 4

How effective are conservation efforts?
While many organisations put a considerable amount of effort into conservation projects, it is
just not enough. Many of these efforts are effective short term, but in the long term they simply
do not work, due to a number of factors.

A. Whilst there remains a demand for exotic animals in society, endangered species will always
be at risk of being hunted and poached. Poachers often target larger animals - animals which
take a long time to repopulate, such as rhinos and elephants. The poachers are clever and use
methods which are sometimes completely undetectable. A recent case involved 300 elephants
being killed in Zimbabwe's largest nature reserve. Poachers put poison in the water holes,
killing hundreds of elephants and destroying an entire ecosystem*.

B. Captive breeding is perhaps the most effective method of protecting animals from
extinction, but this also has its problems. First, releasing animals from captive environments
could introduce disease into wild populations. Secondly, after several generations in captivity,
species could become less able to survive in the wild. Would they know how to hunt for food?
Or how not to be killed by other animals?

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C. Perhaps the biggest problem facing endangered species, however, is the increasing
population of the human race. Although conservation measures have helped to prevent
humans from completely destroying all natural habitats, human invasion will always be one of
the greatest risks to threatened species.

* ecosystem - all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the
environment

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the reading passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Captive breeding programmes ensure that animals can A. Yes

cope in their natural habitat. B. No
C. Not Given

Poachers are good at hiding the way in which they kill A. Yes
animals. B. No
C. Not Given

Releasing animals into the wild after captive breeding A. Yes

B. No

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has led to infections spreading. C. Not Given

Conservation projects have not made any impact on A. Yes

saving natural habitats. B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 5

In January or February, Venice plays host to the most magical of carnivals. During the carnival,
the city is filled with a mass of masked partygoers, posing and dancing, in an attempt to reinvent
one of the great traditions of the city.

A. Naturally, it is very crowded and hotels and restaurants are expensive, but it is a unique
occasion and a great time to experience this beautiful city. The carnival was first held in Venice
in the 11th century and lasted for over two months. Activities involved a series of formal
parties in St Mark's Square and playing games for money. Regardless of social status,
participants wore costumes and masks. Images of the time and occasion are still displayed
throughout the city today. During the 18th century, however, this period of festivities came to an
end, and the carnival did not return until 1979. Today, the carnival is extremely popular with
people eager to dress up and parade around the city in their masks and costumes.

B. The weekends are the busiest times at the carnival - the final weekend in particular. During
the festivities, you can enjoy live music and take part in a large open-air festival. Costumes are
also a major feature of the occasion and there is even a competition to judge the best one. The
best ones are usually displayed at the centre of carnival festivities, in the breathtaking St
Mark's Square. Numerous shops in Venice sell these costumes and masks in preparation for
this great event.

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C. Perhaps the most attractive aspect of the Venice carnival, though, is the variety of masked
balls and parties there are to attend. You do have to pay for these, however, and they can be
quite costly. One of the most expensive parties is the Valentine's Grand Masquerade Ball, held
on February 14th at the Palazzo Flangini

Do these statements agree with the information given in the text?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Before the 20th century, only the rich participated in the A. True
carnival. B. False
C. Not Given

The Venice carnival was banned in the 18th century. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

The most popular days at the carnival are during the A. True
week. B. False
C. Not Given

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None of the festivities take place outside. A. True

B. False
C. Not Given

There are few places in Venice where you can purchase A. True
your costume and mask. B. False
C. Not Given

In order to take part in the costume competition you A. True

need to be Italian. B. False
C. Not Given

The tickets for the Valentine's Grand Masquerade Ball A. True

are worth a lot of money. B. False
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 1

Exercise 2: Read the article about Food TV. Which paragraphs contain the following
information?
Match the correct paragraph, A-G

[NB You may use any option more than once]

FOOD TV: Education or entertainment

A Shows about cookery have become more and more popular all over the world. But what are
the reasons for this, and does it make us cook more? In the UK, BBC viewers complained to the
programme Points of View that there were too many cookery shows on TV. In one week, the
BBC showed 21 hours of cookery. When shows on other channels were included, this came to
an amazing 434.5 hours of food TV.

B In the past, TV cookery shows were there to teach people how to cook. One of the first
famous TV cooks, Julia Child, was American. She began her career as a cook when, in 1948,
she moved to Paris and learnt to cook sophisticated French cuisine because her husband loved
good food. On her return home, she published a collection of French recipes made simple, for
ordinary American housewives to use, which was an instant success. She was invited to do a

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TV show, where her humour and strong personality soon won her great fame.

C Nowadays TV chefs are famous for all sorts of different reasons. Gordon Ramsay, for
example, is an interesting TV chef. He is famous for having a bad temper and using foul
language. In his TV show, Hell's Kitchen, he shouts at his staff when they make mistakes
because he wants all the food at his restaurants to be perfect. He has many restaurants in
different countries. Jamie Oliver is a good-looking, working-class boy who made healthy eating
fashionable. He believes children should eat healthy food and he worked with the government
to make school meals healthier. His style of cooking is quick, easy and fun,

D There are some famous pairs of TV cooks as well. The Hairy Bikers are a pair of chefs who
have beards and ride motorbikes. They travel around to different places and cook there. They
were both fat but then did a series of shows on how to cook diet food and both lost weight.
Another famous pair was the Two Fat Ladies. They cooked unhealthy food using lots of fat and
they didn't care about healthy eating. They also rode a motorbike.

E The introduction of a competitive element to many cookery shows reminds us that food TV is
more entertainment than education these days. Many of us love shows like Masterchef, where
a contestant is eliminated on every show. The personalities of both the contestants and the
judges are far more important than the cookery. In a popular competitive show called The Great
British Bake-Off, there was a “nice judge”, Mary Berry, and a “nasty judge”, Paul Hollywood.

F We know that cooking at home is better for us than eating ready-made or takeaway meals.
However, the fact that there is more cookery on TV doesn't necessarily mean people cook
more. Different studies have produced different results, but most agree that people generally

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spend less time cooking than they did in the past. Certain cookery shows influence viewers
more than others. One study found that the most influential show was Jamie Oliver's 15 Minute
Meals, which influenced 21% of viewers. This may be because his method is to cook quick,
simple, healthy meals rather than 'restaurant-style' food.

G It seems, though, that teaching children to cook at home and at school has much more
influence on healthy eating than watching TV programmes on cooking. Grandparents have an
important role to play because they may have more time - and experience - than parents.
Cooking with family members on a regular basis and making food preparation part of the
school curriculum is likely to ensure that children become adults who can and do cook.

The cooking show that affects people most Paragraph A

A TV chef who was first famous as an author Paragraph B
The number of food shows on TV Paragraph C
The role of cookery shows for enjoyment Paragraph D
rather than learning
Why children should be taught to cook at Paragraph E
school
Research about the amount of time people Paragraph F

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cook
Examples of famous cookery partners Paragraph G
Exercise 3: Look at the following descriptions (1-7) and the list of famous chefs. Match each
description with the correct chef.
[NB You may use any letter more than once.}

FOOD TV: Education or entertainment

A Shows about cookery have become more and more popular all over the world. But what are
the reasons for this, and does it make us cook more? In the UK, BBC viewers complained to the
programme Points of View that there were too many cookery shows on TV. In one week, the
BBC showed 21 hours of cookery. When shows on other channels were included, this came to
an amazing 434.5 hours of food TV.

B In the past, TV cookery shows were there to teach people how to cook. One of the first
famous TV cooks, Julia Child, was American. She began her career as a cook when, in 1948,
she moved to Paris and learnt to cook sophisticated French cuisine because her husband loved
good food. On her return home, she published a collection of French recipes made simple, for
ordinary American housewives to use, which was an instant success. She was invited to do a
TV show, where her humour and strong personality soon won her great fame.

C Nowadays TV chefs are famous for all sorts of different reasons. Gordon Ramsay, for
example, is an interesting TV chef. He is famous for having a bad temper and using foul
language. In his TV show, Hell's Kitchen, he shouts at his staff when they make mistakes

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because he wants all the food at his restaurants to be perfect. He has many restaurants in
different countries. Jamie Oliver is a good-looking, working-class boy who made healthy eating
fashionable. He believes children should eat healthy food and he worked with the government
to make school meals healthier. His style of cooking is quick, easy and fun,

D There are some famous pairs of TV cooks as well. The Hairy Bikers are a pair of chefs who
have beards and ride motorbikes. They travel around to different places and cook there. They
were both fat but then did a series of shows on how to cook diet food and both lost weight.
Another famous pair was the Two Fat Ladies. They cooked unhealthy food using lots of fat and
they didn't care about healthy eating. They also rode a motorbike.

E The introduction of a competitive element to many cookery shows reminds us that food TV is
more entertainment than education these days. Many of us love shows like Masterchef, where
a contestant is eliminated on every show. The personalities of both the contestants and the
judges are far more important than the cookery. In a popular competitive show called The Great
British Bake-Off, there was a “nice judge”, Mary Berry, and a “nasty judge”, Paul Hollywood.

F We know that cooking at home is better for us than eating ready-made or takeaway meals.
However, the fact that there is more cookery on TV doesn't necessarily mean people cook
more. Different studies have produced different results, but most agree that people generally
spend less time cooking than they did in the past. Certain cookery shows influence viewers

PREP.VN
more than others. One study found that the most influential show was Jamie Oliver's 15 Minute
Meals, which influenced 21% of viewers. This may be because his method is to cook quick,
simple, healthy meals rather than 'restaurant-style' food.

G It seems, though, that teaching children to cook at home and at school has much more
influence on healthy eating than watching TV programmes on cooking. Grandparents have an
important role to play because they may have more time - and experience - than parents.
Cooking with family members on a regular basis and making food preparation part of the
school curriculum is likely to ensure that children become adults who can and do cook.

Changed the style of cooking on some of Mary Berry

their programmes
One of the first TV chefs Jamie Oliver
Helped to get children eating healthy food The Hairy Bikers
The kinder of two judges Gordon Ramsay
Cooked food that was not very good for you Julia Child
Is very rude to the kitchen workers Two Fat Ladies
Showed people that cooking foreign dishes undefined
need not be difficult
Exercise 4: The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs B-F from the list of headings (i-vii) below.
Match the correct number, i-vii. There are two headings you won't need.

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Markets around the world

A We have become so used to shopping in big supermarkets and chain stores, identical in
every town, that we have forgotten about one important way to shop - markets. Markets are
found in every country in the world, but wherever you go they are different and reveal the local
culture - and agriculture. From farmers' markets selling fresh produce to craft and antique
markets, they are the best place to find something unique at a great price.

B Food is at its cheapest and freshest in markets. Farmers often sell direct to the consumer,
without all the packaging, shipping and advertising that increases costs in shops and
supermarkets. You can often find unusual products and those that are not mass- produced.
Food markets vary hugely according to where they are in the world. For example the Kauppatori
market in Helsinki, Finland sells moose, reindeer and bear salami. Whether you are, food will be
locally produced and reasonably priced.

C Markets are also good places to buy clothes. Some sell cheap new and second-hand clothes,
while others specialise in vintage or ethically made clothes and original items. The markets of
London are some of the best in the world for those who want to create a unique look for
themselves. Many new designers start with a market stall, so if you are looking for a totally
original item of clothing, you could get something really special at a bargain price at Brick Lane,

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Spitalfields or Portobello Road markets.

D Another type of market is a flea market. This is a much more informal type of market, where
second-hand products can be sold by anyone. If you have unwanted items at home, you could
take them to a flea market and sell them yourself. There are also antiques and possibly local
crafts at this kind of market. In some parts of the world there may not even be stalls; rather,
vendors lay out their goods on a sheet on the ground. In other parts of the world, flea markets
have developed into car boot sales, where people sell their unwanted items from their cars.

E In some places, markets are directed at visitors and tend to sell handicrafts typical of the
region. For many tourists, a visit to a nearby market to buy souvenirs is an important part of
their holiday. Guadalajara in Mexico has a huge range of traditional textiles, glassware,
ceramics and art works and Seoul in Korea has some wonderful original designs of all kinds of
products at affordable prices. Countries in the Middle East usually have beautiful hand-made
rugs and carpets, and Indian markets sell colourful handloom fabrics and beautiful silk
scarves.

F In Europe, Christmas is the time when seasonal markets are held to sell decorations and gifts
for the festive season. One of the most famous of these is held in Wenceslas Square in Prague
in the Czech Republic. The market is made up of colourfully decorated wooden huts selling
traditional handicrafts, embroidered lace, wooden toys, scented candles, Christmas tree
ornaments, and puppets and dolls beautifully dressed in traditional costumes. This looks very
pretty, especially in the snow.

G. So, wherever you are in the world and whatever you are looking for, there is a market for you.
You can get all kinds of unusual things at great prices.

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Paragraph B (i) Local art and craft work to take home

Paragraph C (ii) Inexpensive things to eat straight from the
countryside
Paragraph D (iii) Toys for children of all ages
Paragraph E (iv) Invent a new style for yourself at bargain
prices
Paragraph F (v) London has the best markets
Exercise 1: Đọc các khẳng định sau đây và chọn đáp án chứa những từ khóa của khẳng định
đó
The risks agriculture faces in developing countries
A

On the question of mitigating the risks farmers face, most essayists called for greater state
intervention. In his essay, Kanayo F. Nwanze, President of the International Fund for Agricultural
Development, argued that governments can significantly reduce risks for farmers by providing
basic services like roads to get produce more efficiently to markets, or water and food storage
facilities to reduce losses. Sophia Murphy, senior advisor to the Institute for Agriculture and

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Trade Policy, suggested that the procurement and holding of stocks by governments can also
help mitigate wild swings in food prices by alleviating uncertainties about market supply.

Shenggen Fan, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute, helped build
social safety nets and public welfare programmes in Ethiopia, Brazil and Mexico as valuable
ways to address poverty among farming families and reduce their vulnerability to agricultural
shocks. However, some commentators responded that cash transfers to poor families do not
necessarily translate into increased food security, as these programmes do not always
strengthen food production or raise incomes. Regarding state subsidies for agriculture, Rokeya
Kabir, Executive Director of Bangladesh Nari Progati Sangha, commented in her essay that
these ‘have not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders. In fact, studies
show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but rich landowners and non-
farmer traders.’

Some participating authors and commentators argued in favour of community- based and
autonomous risk management strategies through collective action groups, co- operatives or
producers’ groups. Such groups enhance market opportunities for small- scale producers,
reduce marketing costs and synchronise buying and selling with seasonal price conditions.
According to Murphy, ‘collective action offers an important way for farmers to strengthen their
political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their business risks.’ One commentator,
Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not come as a free good. It takes time, effort and

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money to organise, build trust and to experiment. Others, like Marcel Vernooij and Marcel
Beukeboom, suggested that in order to ‘apply what we already know’, all stakeholders,
including business, government, scientists and civil society, must work together, starting at the
beginning of the value chain.

Financial assistance from the government Kanayo F. Nwanze

does not always go to the farmers who most
need it
Farmers can benefit from collaborating as a Sophia Murphy
group
Financial assistance from the government Shenggen Fan
can improve the standard of living of farmers
Improvements to infrastructure can have a Rokeya Kabir
major impact on risks for farmers

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Bài tập thực hành 2

Market around the world
A. We have become so used to shopping in big supermarkets and chain stores, identical in
every town, that we have forgotten about one important way to shop - markets. Markets are
found in every country in the world, but wherever you go they are different and reveal the local
culture - and agriculture. From farmers' markets selling fresh produce to craft and antique
markets, they are the best place to find something unique at a great price.

B. Food is at its cheapest and freshest in markets. Farmers often sell direct to the consumer,
without all the packaging, shipping and advertising that increases costs in shops and
supermarkets. You can often find unusual products and those that are not mass- produced.
Food markets vary hugely according to where they are in the world. For example the Kauppatori
market in Helsinki, Finland sells moose, reindeer and bear salami. Wherever you are, food will
be locally produced and reasonably priced.

C. Markets are also good places to buy clothes. Some sell cheap new and second- hand
clothes, while others specialise in vintage or ethically made clothes and original items, The
markets of London are some of the best in the world for those who want to create a unique
look for themselves. Many new designers start with a market stall, so if you are looking for a

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totally original item of clothing, you could get something really special at a bargain price at
Brick Lane, Spitalfields or Portobello Road markets.

D. Another type of market is a flea market. This is a much more informal type of market, where
second-hand products can be sold by anyone. If you have unwanted items at home, you could
take them to a flea market and sell them yourself. There are also antiques and possibly local
crafts at this kind of market. In some parts of the world there may not even be stalls; rather,
vendors lay out their goods on a sheet on the ground. In other parts of the world, flea markets
have developed into car boot sales, where people sell their unwanted items from their cars.

E. In some places, markets are directed at visitors and tend to sell handicrafts typical of the
region. For many tourists, a visit to a nearby market to buy souvenirs is an important part of
their holiday. Guadalajara in Mexico has a huge range of traditional textiles, glassware,
ceramics and art works and Seoul in Korea has some wonderful original designs of all kinds of
products at affordable prices. Countries in the Middle East usually have beautiful hand-made
rugs and carpets, and Indian markets sell colourful handloom fabrics and beautiful silk
scarves.

F. In Europe, Christmas is the time when seasonal markets are held to sell decorations and
gifts for the festive season. One of the most famous of these is held in Wenceslas Square in
Prague in the Czech Republic. The market is made up of colourfully decorated wooden huts
selling traditional handicrafts, embroidered lace, wooden toys, scented candles, Christmas tree
ornaments, and puppets and dolls beautifully dressed in traditional costumes. This looks very
pretty, especially in the snow.

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G. So, wherever you are in the world and whatever you are looking for, there is a market for you.
You can get all kinds of unusual things at great prices.

The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs
B-F from the list of headings (i-vii) below.
Paragraph B (i) Local art and craft work to take home
Paragraph C (ii) Inexpensive things to eat straight from the
countryside
Paragraph D (iii) Toys for children of all ages
Paragraph E (iv) Invent a new style for yourself at bargain
prices
Paragraph F (v) London has the best markets

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Bài tập thực hành 3

Become rich and famous through the Internet
In the past, to become famous you needed a talent: singing, playing an instrument, dancing or
writing books. Nowadays, it is much easier to become famous. This is because of the internet.
All you need is a camera or webcam, computer, internet connection and a bit of creativity.

First of all, you need to decide what you are going to write or speak about: hair and makeup,
comedy, sport, news and current affairs, raising money for a charity or something specialist like
keeping tropical fish. Then choose a site to post on. Some sites are international and some
may be particular to one country, such as Weibo in China.

YouTube is a good site to choose if you make your own videos. It is easy to upload your short
films, and many people use it. If you want to become famous on YouTube, you should make
lots of videos and release one every day. YouTubers who become popular are often those who
present tips, advice, 'how to' guides and opinions on entertainment or stories in the news. If you
allow advertisements in your videos, you will make money when people view the adverts.
Facebook is a good platform for those who want to make money, but not for those who want to
be famous. To earn money through Facebook, you need a very original and/or funny page, with
interesting photos which can get you a few hundred thousand 'likes'. If you achieve fame on

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Facebook, it

probably won't last.

Twitter is a social media site where people can communicate through short messages. It
works well for those who want to be well-known but are not so interested in making money. If
you want to become known on Twitter, you will need to post lots of entertaining content.
Instagram is a site where people mainly put up photos and videos. It is a site which can make
you well-known, particularly if you want to become a famous photographer.

Creating your own blog is possibly the best way to become internet famous and make money,
through advertising, especially once you have become known on one of the sites above. You
need to be aware of the topics and issues that are 'trending' (that are popular right now) and
post about those ideas. Learn to create 'vines' (a series of short extracts from videos put
together in a creative way) and become an expert on photo editing. With these few easily learnt
skills and some imagination, you can achieve the fame you've always dreamed of - online at
least.

Read the instructions and statements (1-6) and the list of websites (A-E). Choose the correct
website (A-E) for each statement. You may choose any website more than once.
*NOTE: Bởi vì các câu hỏi (các statements) đều không bao gồm các từ khóa tên riêng hay các
từ khóa mà chúng ta có thể dễ dàng scan và khoanh vùng thông tin, vì vậy ở bài này ta không
nên làm theo thứ tự câu hỏi. Thay vào đó, vì mỗi đoạn văn đều đã chia ra để nói về từng nền
tảng mạng xã hội (tên nền tảng được nhắc đến ở đầu mỗi đoạn văn), vậy bài đọc này ta nên tìm
đáp án theo từng nền tảng mạng xã hội sẽ dễ hơn.

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Ví dụ: Ta đọc đoạn văn nói về Youtube và tìm xem nền tảng này sẽ có những đặc điểm gì, từ đó
nối được đáp án A - Youtube với từng statement chứa đặc điểm tương ứng được nhắc tới trong
đoạn văn.

You want to be rich and become famous. A. YouTube

You want to take photographs as a career. B. Facebook
You want people to know you but don't care C. Twitter
about money.
You want to make money but not be famous. D. Instagram
You can post a new film daily. E. Your own blog
You want to show people how to do undefined
something.

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Bài tập thực hành 4

How the younger generation consumes the news
A. In recent years, there has been growing concern by researchers and indeed the older
generation that the younger generation are somewhat disengaged from the news, and as a
result have a very narrow view of the world around them. This, however, couldn't be further
from the truth, as shown by a recent study carried out by the Media Insight Project (American
Press Institute & Associated Press). According to this research, 85% of youngsters say that
keeping up to date with the news is important to them, and 69% receive news on a daily basis.

B. Perhaps what some of the older generation fail to understand is that just because the
younger generation does not buy a daily newspaper, it doesn't mean that they don't follow the
news. Born into a digital age, or more specifically the age of the internet, the younger
generation simply accesses news through the digital devices they grew up using: laptops,
tablets, smartphones, etc. A recent study produced by Ofcom revealed that 60% of youngsters
in the UK use the internet or apps for news, compared to just 21% of those in the older age
range

C. Social media also plays an important part in consuming the news for the younger
generation. It was also revealed that most youngsters actually don't seek out news from social

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media but choose to follow it once they see it there. In other words, they encounter it
accidentally and therefore following the news is secondary. For example, when accessing
social media sites, news headlines automatically appear. These catch the user's eye and
consequently the news link is clicked and followed.

D. For the moment, social networks are being used selectively, however. For example, social
media is used for breaking news, but is not relied on in terms of accuracy. For hard news
topics, such as economics or local crime, youngsters continue to look to original sources. For
accuracy and reliability, television is still the preferred choice for both generations.

E. According to Alison Preston, Head of Media Literacy Research at Ofcom, motivations for
following the news also vary according to the generation. In her current report on the topic, she
states that, for the younger generation, news is largely about convenience and being social. For
the older generation, however, motivation is greatly linked to a sense of duty and habit.

F. Overall, it is fair to say that news plays an important part in all our everyday lives, regardless
of generation. However, what is different amongst the generations is why and how it is
accessed.

The reading passage 'How the younger generation consumes the news' has six paragraphs A-
F. Which paragraph contains the following information?
the reasons why the younger generation Paragraph A
seeks news
the opinion that news is important to the Paragraph B
younger generation

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the percentage of older adults in the UK who Paragraph C

access the news digitally
the idea that the younger generation largely Paragraph D
encounters the news by chance
the news is of great significance to both Paragraph E
young and old people
why the younger generation consumes the Paragraph F
news through modern technology

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Bài tập thực hành 5

Business ideas of the future
A. The most successful entrepreneurs are those who predict the needs of the future earlier
than the competition. No new business start- up is without risk, but the benefits can be
immeasurable. Inventions such as the automobile, the internet and the iPad were all initially
met with a high degree of criticism, so it is important to maintain the belief that anything is
possible! Below are just a few of the business ideas expected to be successful in the future

B. Travelling to space used to be possible only for governments or large aerospace companies.
This is no longer the case, however, and several private companies have planned tourist
missions into space which are going to take place in the next few years.

Consulting firm Futron Corporation predicts that the space tourism industry will be worth $1.3
billion and have more than 25,000 customers in the next five to ten years. Space tourism
pioneer Peter Diamandis also predicts that space hotels are going to be big business, with
companies from around the world already working on such projects. Not everyone, however, is
as convinced about the prospect of space tourism. Jeffrey Jones, a member of the Center for
Space Medicine at Baylor College, warns that even a short journey into space could cause
serious health problems for tourists of average or poor health.

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C. Another idea comes from a company in New Zealand called Martin Aircraft. They have
produced the first commercially available jetpack, which they plan to start selling next year.
Initially, they will be sold to shops and cost approximately $150,000. The craft will work for
short trips only, approximately 30 minutes, and manage speeds of up to 74 kph and an altitude
of 914 m. The CEO of the company, Peter Coker, notes that, as well as being used by the rich
for pleasure, they could also be useful in search-and-rescue operations.

D. Growing meat in a laboratory is an idea which, understandably, appeals greatly to animal

rights activists. Jason Matheny, founder of the not-for-profit company New Harvest, also feels
that producing meat in this way would satisfy a growing global demand for meat. It would also
be healthier, more energy- efficient and sustainable. The Dutch scientist Professor Post, who
served up the world's first laboratory-grown beef burger, predicts that 'cultured meat' will mean
the end of traditional cattle farming within decades. Tracey Hayes, the CEO of the Northern
Territory Cattlemen's Association in Australia, admits that although this technology could be
damaging to the worldwide beef industry, it would not affect Australia, as cattle farming is a
great Australian tradition.

E. According to a recent prediction made by the United Nations, in the future, 86% of people
living in developed countries will live in cities. With this in mind, an idea called 'vertical farming'
has emerged. Essentially, vertical farming comes from the belief that cities should not rely on
rural areas for food but should grow their own crops by creating multi- storey, high- tech
greenhouses. The idea for vertical farms came from the ecologist Dickson Despommier, who
turned his knowledge of parasites* into a way of looking at cities.

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F. Daniel Kluka of Green Spirit Farms predicts that software will be used to look after these
multiple farms remotely. For example, an app on a smartphone or tablet will be able to handle
the day-to-day care of crops. Kluka also believes that this use of technology will help to keep
costs to a minimum, allowing vertical farms to compete with traditional farms.

*parasite - a plant or animal that lives on or inside another plant or animal in order to get food.

Read the text below and complete sentences 1-5 with the correct endings A-G.
New ideas that are not always believed in is currently available only to the rich.
It has been predicted that accommodation in the majority of the population will be living in
space urban areas.
The invention which has been created to at first are still worth following.
enable people to fly
It has been predicted that in years to come will be kept to a minimum using technology.
The price of producing food in the city will be possible in the future, based on the
evidence of current projects.

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

A Nowadays, speed reading has become an essential skill in any environment where people
have to master a large volume of information. Professional workers need reading skills to help
them get through many documents every day, while students under pressure to deal with
assignments may feel they have to read more and read faster all the time.

B Although there are various methods to increase reading speed, the trick is deciding what
information you want first. For example, if you only want a rough outline of an issue, then you
can skim the material quickly and extract key facts. However, if you need to understand every
detail in a document, then you must read it slowly enough to understand this.

C A skilled reader will read a lot of words in each block. He or she will only look at each
block for an instant and will then move on. Only rarely will the reader’s eyes skip back to a
previous block of words. This reduces the amount of work that the reader’s eyes have to do. It
also increases the volume of information that can be taken in over a given period of time.

D On the other hand, a slow reader will spend a lot of time reading small blocks of words. He
or she will skip back often, losing the flow and structure of the text, and mudding their overall
understanding of the subject. This irregular eye movement quickly makes the reading because
they feel it is difficult to concentrate and comprehend written information.

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The best tip anyone can have to improve their reading speed is to practise. In order to do
this effectively, a person must be engaged in the material and want to know more. If you find
yourself constantly having to re-read the same paragraph, you may want to switch to reading
material that grabs your attention. If you enjoy what you are reading, you will make quicker
progress.

Exercise 1: Nối các đề bài với mô tả đề bài tương ứng

Ghép các dữ kiện với đoạn văn chứa dữ kiện Matching headings
đó
Ghép nửa đầu với nửa sau của một phát biểu Matching information
bị khuyết để tạo thành một phát biểu thể hiện
thông tin chính xác trong bài đọc
Ghép từng đoạn văn với đề mục miêu tả Matching features
chính xác nhất nội dung tổng quát của đoạn
văn đó.
Ghép nối từng đặc điểm với đúng người, vật Matching sentence endings
thể hoặc khoảng thời gian của nó
Exercise 2: Đọc các thông tin sau đây và chọn đáp án chứa các từ khóa của thông tin đó
The types of people who need to read more quickly

A. types/ people/ who/ need/ to/ read/ more quickly

B. types of people/ who/ need/ read/ quickly

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C. types of people/ need/ read/ more quickly

How a reader can become confused

A. how/ reader/ become/ confused

B. reader/ can/ become/ confused
C. how/ can/ become/ confused

Why reading material should be interesting

A. why/ material/ should/ interesting

B. why/ reading material/ interesting
C. reading/ material/ be/ interesting

Exercise 3: Đọc đoạn trích sau và nối các đoạn văn với tiêu đề phù hợp của chúng
Paragraph A (i) The key of improving reading speed

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Paragraph B (ii) Some advice for reading improvement
Paragraph C (iii) How to read cleverly
Paragraph D (iv) Advantages of reading fast
Paragraph E (v) What reading style you should avoid
Exercise 4: Đọc đoạn trích sau và nối các thông tin sau với đoạn văn chứa thông tin đó
The types of people who need to read more Paragraph A
quickly
How a reader can become confused Paragraph B
Why reading material should be interesting Paragraph C
What you should consider before you start Paragraph D
reading

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Bài tập thực hành 1

Adam’s Wine
A Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the
planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present
predictions, it is an element that is set to assume even greater significance.

B Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a
rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it,
not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to
trade. But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has
not always been peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has
essentially been a necessity for survival has turned out in many instances to have a very
destructive and life-threatening side.

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C Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people
and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the
environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once
lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long
gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our nai've wondered when
faced with the forces of nature.

D Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places
are instant news for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the
destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters.

E In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros.
Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline
wreaking havoc with sea defenses. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heavy rains
and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many
communities.

F Building stronger and more sophisticated river defenses against flooding is the expensive
short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Europe
but in places like the Himalayas, to protect people living in low- lying regions like the Ganges

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Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress is already being made in convincing
countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing
considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction.

G And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world
population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the
world the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of
water in many other places is causing conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of
America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico
for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for
water sources. With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and increased water
consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil.

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Read the passage and answer the questions below
Adam’s Wine
A

Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the
planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present
predictions, it is an element that is set to assume even greater significance.

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Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a
rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it,
not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to
trade. But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has
not always been peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has
essentially been a necessity for survival has turned out in many instances to have a very
destructive and life-threatening side.

Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people
and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the
environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once
lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long
gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our nai've wondered when
faced with the forces of nature.

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D

Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places are
instant news for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the
destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters.

In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros.
Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline
wreaking havoc with sea defenses. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heavy rains
and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many
communities.

Building stronger and more sophisticated river defenses against flooding is the expensive
short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Europe
but in places like the Himalayas, to protect people living in low- lying regions like the Ganges
Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress is already being made in convincing
countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing

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considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction.

And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two- thirds of the world
population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the
world the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of
water in many other places is causing conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of
America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico
for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for
water sources. With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and increased water
consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil.

The writer believes that water

A. is gradually becoming of greater importance

B. will have little impact on our lives in the future
C. is something we will need more- than anything else

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D. will have even greater importance in our lives in the future

Humankind's relationship with water has been

A. two-sided
B. one-sided
C. purely one of great benefit
D. fairly frightening

The writer suggests that

A. we are in awe of the news we read and see on TV every day

B. change to the environment leaves us speechless
C. we should not be in awe of the news we read and see on TV every day
D. our surprise at the environmental change brought about by nature is something new.

According to the text, planting trees

A. has to be co-ordinated internationally

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B. is more expensive than building sea and river defenses

C. is a less expensive answer to flooding than building river defenses
D. is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions

By 2025, it is projected that

A. at least half the world population will have fresh water

B. the majority of the world population will have fresh water
C. one-third of the world population will have fresh water
D. fresh water will only be available to half of the world population

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Bài tập thực hành 3

Food culture shock
A. Charles

You would think that eating with your fingers would be easy. In the US, there are only certain
things you can eat with your fingers, like burgers, for example, and that's easy enough. When I
went to South India, though, I realised that it is a whole new skill to learn to eat rice and curry
with your fingers. You have to mix the curries together and with the rice and form a 'ball'. Dool*
is particularly helpful as a kind of glue. You use your fingertips, never the palm of your hand,
and use your thumb to pop it into your mouth. I thought I knew where my mouth was, but my
first few attempts were a disaster. There was food everywhere!

*Dool is a lentil curry widely eaten in the Indian subcontinent

B. Alfredo

For me, when I travel, the 'fast food' culture always shocks me. I can't believe there are people
in the world who live on 'junk food' like burgers and just grab a sandwich for lunch. Back home,
food is very important to us. We cook fresh food for lunch and dinner and sit down and eat as a

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family at least once a day, twice at weekends. A lot of people grow their own vegetables and
keep chickens. Food is part of your identity, so what are you saying about yourself when you
eat some rubbish which contains chemicals and goodness knows what else? The worst thing I
have seen on my travels is a baby being given a fizzy drink in a bottle. That really shocked me!

C. Qiang Shi

I enjoy trying food from different countries, but what interests me more is the culture and
habits surrounding food and eating. In China, when we go to a restaurant with colleagues, when
we are offered something, we say 'No thanks', even though we want it, because the person will
definitely repeat the offer. In other countries, though, 'no' means 'no', so if you are just trying to
be polite and don't take it the first time, you will end up with nothing! To me, it feels wrong to
take something the first time it is offered, so it took me a while to get used to that when I travel
abroad

D. Pauline

Being a vegetarian is so easy here in the UK that we forget that not everyone in the world
understands vegetarianism. For vegans the situation is even more difficult. Probably the best
place I've been to is India, as everything is divided into 'veg' or 'non veg' so you know exactly
what you're getting. In many countries, they don't even realise that there is a concept of not
eating meat for ethical reasons. In many parts of the world, meat equates to prosperity, so the
idea of going out for a meal and not having meat is alien to them. I have travelled to places
where, as a vegetarian, all I have been able to eat is salad, fruit and chips. I'm glad to get home
where we have special vegetarian products.

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E. Aileen

I think breakfast is the meal where food culture shock really hits you. In Australia, there are
certain foods you eat for breakfast and certain foods you don't. We usually eat cereal or toast,
maybe yoghurt and fruit. We would never eat chicken or vegetables. But when I travelled in
Asia, I realised that in many places, there is no difference between breakfast and dinner: rice,
curry, noodles, soup, steamed vegetables and fish all appeared at breakfast. Even though I love
all those things, I just can't face them at breakfast!

Read the text and complete each sentence below using ONLY ONE WORD from the text.
In China, if you refuse food, the host will usually ___________ the offer.
For Alfredo, food plays an important role in a person's ___________.
In India, you should not use your ___________ when eating.
In some countries, eating meat represents ___________.
In many places in ___________, there is no difference between foods eaten for breakfast and
dinner.

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Bài tập thực hành 4

The role of the modern zoo
Initially seen purely as centres of entertainment, zoos were often heavily criticised in society for
keeping animals captive. Nowadays, however, zoos have a lot more to offer than perhaps some
people realise. Good zoos have changed their focus and are now responding to environmental
problems, such as the decline in wildlife and loss of habitat. Indeed, scientists believe that a third
of all animal and plant species on Earth risk extinction within this century.

The modern zoo, therefore, has developed dramatically as a major force in conserving
biodiversity* worldwide. Zoos linked with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums participate in
Species Survival Plan Programmes, which involve captive breeding, reintroduction programmes
and public education to ensure the survival of many of the planet's threatened and endangered
species. Captive breeding is the process of breeding animals outside their natural environment
in restricted conditions such as farms, zoos or other closed areas. It is a method used to
increase the populations of endangered species, in order to prevent extinction. One of the main
challenges facing captive breeding programmes, however, is maintaining genetic diversity.*
Zoo staff are fully trained in this area, and manage the programmes carefully to ensure genetic
variation.

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Another way in which zoos protect endangered species is through reintroduction programmes.
These programmes release animals that have been in the zoo back into their natural habitats.

Finally, and perhaps most significantly, many zoos now concentrate on educating the public,
particularly the younger generation. These zoos educate millions of visitors each year about
endangered species and related conservation issues. Visiting the zoo not only raises money for
conservation projects, but also reminds individuals about environmental issues.

*biodiversity - the number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area, or in the
world generally.

*genetic diversity - the variety of genes within a species

Read the text and look at the statements and write

YES if the statement agrees with the views or claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the view of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks

Zoos have been very successful in protecting A. Yes

endangered species. B. No
C. Not Given

Putting endangered animals back into the wild to A. Yes

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reproduce is a good way to increase their populations. B. No

C. Not Given

All zoos now focus on teaching people about animals A. Yes

facing extinction. B. No
C. Not Given

Zoo visits increase awareness of environmental A. Yes

problems. B. No
C. Not Given

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Bài tập thực hành 5

Trans-Siberian Railway
A. The Trans-Siberian Railway has been described by some as the most memorable journey on
Earth. Measuring nearly 9,300 km, it is the longest railway line in the world and takes
approximately a week to complete. It is one incredible train journey from Red Square to the
Great Wall, taking in Siberia, Mongolia, the Gobi Desert and arriving in the great city of Beijing.
The journey has captured the imagination of travellers from far and wide since construction
began in 1891.

B. Although officials have been building this line since 1891, it is still being expanded today.
The original Trans- Siberian Railway was built from Moscow to Vladivostok on the orders of
Tsar Alexander 111. Building the line was not an easy task as there were only a few qualified
engineers and the difficult climate often slowed progress. A lack of workmen meant that
soldiers and convicts had to be conscripted to help. Up to 90,000 men were employed in its
construction.

C. From the moment building began, the project faced many difficulties. Even though it was
considered a technological marvel at the time, there were arguments about the quality of work.
Rails were considered too light and bridges not strong enough. Many claimed convicts had

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sabotaged the line. Furthermore, the project also caused serious problems for the Russian
economy.

D. Despite criticisms, however, the railway more than paid for itself in the twentieth century. The
Siberian economy exploded when 2.5million poor people moved there from European Russia
between 1895 and 1916. The region quickly became famous for producing bread and butter.
Without the Trans-Siberian Railway, Siberia's industrial revolution would not have happened.

E. Today, this service is used by both tourists and workers. Running at an average speed of 60
km/h, it is not designed for anyone in a hurry. Nor are the trains particularly glamorous. The trip
could never be described as dull, however, with breathtaking views from the carriage window
and the opportunity to talk to fellow passengers.

F. Although the trip certainly attracts many foreign tourists, today it gets most of its use from
domestic passengers. It is responsible for 30% of Russian exports and carries more than
250,000 containers a year.

The reading passage 'Trans-Siberian Railway' has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct
heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings.
Paragraph A (i) The impact the railway line had on Siberia
Paragraph B (ii) The reasons why peasants migrated to
Siberia
Paragraph C (iii) The construction of the line
Paragraph D (iv) The speed and style of the train

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Paragraph E (v) The controversy which surrounded the

building of the line
Paragraph F (vi) The attraction of the Trans-Siberian
Railway

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Kiểm tra lý thuyết

Exercise 1: Chọn các đáp án đúng
Đâu là 4 dạng câu hỏi chủ đạo trong phần thi IELTS Reading

Trắc nghiệm
Bản đồ/ Sơ đồ
Điền từ thiếu
Xác định keywords
Đúng/sai
Ghép nối thông tin

Exercise 2: Điền từ/cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành bảng các bước làm bài IELTS Reading
Lưu ý : Không điền quá 3 từ cho mỗi ô trống

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___________
___________
___________
___________

Exercise 3: Đọc đoạn trích sau và điền 1 TỪ DUY NHẤT vào chỗ trống
The coconut palm
[...]

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Typically, we envisage coconuts as brown cannonballs that, when opened, provide sweet white
flesh. But we see only part of the fruit and none of the plant from which they come. The
coconut palm has a smooth, slender, grey trunk, up to 30 metres tall. This is an important
source of timber for building houses, and is increasingly being used as a replacement for
endangered hardwoods in the furniture construction industry. The trunk is surmounted by a
rosette of leaves, each of which may be up to six metres long. The leaves have hard veins in
their centres which, in many parts of the world, are used as brushes after the green part of the
leaf has been stripped away. Immature coconut flowers are tightly clustered together among
the leaves at the top of the trunk. The flower stems may be tapped for their sap to produce a
drink, and the sap can also be reduced by boiling to produce a type of sugar used for cooking.

Coconut palms produce as many as seventy fruits per year, weighing more than a kilogram
each. The wall of the fruit has three layers: a waterproof outer layer, a fibrous middle layer and
a hard, inner layer. The thick fibrous middle layer produces coconut fibre, ‘coir’, which has
numerous uses and is particularly important in manufacturing ropes. The woody innermost
layer, the shell, with its three prominent ‘eyes’, surrounds the seed. An important product
obtained from the shell is charcoal, which is widely used in various industries as well as in the
home as cooking fuel. When broken in half, the shells are also used as bowls in many parts of
Asia.

Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed. Initially, the

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endosperm is a sweetish liquid, coconut water, which is enjoyed as a drink, but also provides
the hormones which encourage other plants to grow more rapidly and produce higher yields.
As the fruit matures, the coconut water gradually solidifies to form the brilliant white, fat-rich,
edible flesh or meat. Dried coconut flesh, ‘copra’, is made into coconut oil and coconut milk,
which are widely used in cooking in different parts of the world, as well as in cosmetics. A
derivative of coconut fat, glycerine, acquired strategic importance in a quite different sphere, as
Alfred Nobel introduced the world to his nitroglycerine-based invention: dynamite.

THE COCONUT PALM

Part Description Uses

trunk up to 30 metres timber for houses and the making of (1) ______
leaves up to 6 metres long to make brushes
flowers at the top of the trunk stems provide sap, used as a drink or a source of (2)
______
fruits outer layer
middle layer (coir used for (3) ______
fibres)
Inner layer (shell) a source of (4) ______

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(when halved) for (5) ______

coconut water a drink

a source of (6) ______ for other plants

coconut flesh oil and milk for cooking and (7) ______

glycerine (an ingredient in (8) ______)

___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________

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___________
___________

Exercise 4: Đọc đoạn trích sau và chọn True hoặc False cho mỗi mệnh đề sau
Their biology would appear to make coconuts the great maritime voyagers and coastal
colonizers of the plant world. The large, energy-rich fruits are able to float in water and tolerate
salt, but cannot remain viable indefinitely; studies suggest after about 110 days at sea they are
no longer able to germinate. Literally cast onto desert island shores, with little more than sand
to grow in and exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun, coconut seeds are able to germinate
and root. The air pocket in the seed, created as the endosperm solidifies, protects the embryo.
In addition, the fibrous fruit wall that helped it to float during the voyage stores moisture that
can be taken up by the roots of the coconut seedling as it starts to grow.

There have been centuries of academic debate over the origins of the coconut. There were no
coconut palms in West Africa, the Caribbean, or the east coast of the Americans before the
voyages of the European explorers Vasco da Gama and Columbus in the late 15th and early
16th centuries. 16th-century trade and human migration patterns reveal that Arab traders and
European sailors are likely to have moved coconuts from South and Southeast Asia to Africa
and then across the Atlantic to the east coast of America. But the origin of coconuts
discovered along the west coast of America by 16th- century sailors has been the subject of
centuries of discussion. Two diametrically opposed origins have been proposed: that they
came from Asia, or that they were native to America. Both suggestions have problems. In Asia,
there is a large degree of coconut diversity and evidence of millennia of human use – but there
are no relatives growing in the wild. In America, there are close coconut relatives, but no
evidence that coconuts are indigenous. These problems have led to the intriguing suggestion

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that coconuts originated on coral islands in the Pacific and were dispersed from there.

Coconut seeds need shade in order to germinate.

A. True
B. False

Coconuts were probably transported to Asia from America in the 16th century

A. True
B. False

All the coconuts found in Asia are cultivated varieties.

A. True
B. False

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Exercise 5: Đọc và nối các đoạn văn với heading phù hợp
The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism
A

Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when a primitive man set out, often traversing
great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his
survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious
conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the
Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure.
Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to
escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during
the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role
in the development of civilisations and their economies.

Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon.

Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial
revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive
transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War
and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and
expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry:
tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments
since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning

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foreign exchange.

Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most
industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of
services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as
an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and
Tourism Council (1992), Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any
economic measure including value- added capital investment, employment and tax
contributions. In 1992 ‘the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12
percent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest
employer the almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 percent of all employees. This industry is the
world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 percent of the world’s national product
and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion m direct indirect and personal
taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and,
because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.

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However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured,
its economic impact is the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry
includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food
services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure
facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses
also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or
underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts
that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision-makers. Moreover, in all nations
this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible
tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national
and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal
vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.

Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism has become an institutionalised
way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that
tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a
significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the
major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean
countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American
Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked
employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of
problems of definition, which directly affect the statistical measurement, it is not possible with
any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide

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tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when
attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

Paragraph B (i) Economic and social significance of

tourism
Paragraph C (ii) The development of mass tourism
Paragraph D (iii) Travel for the wealthy
Paragraph E (iv) Earning foreign exchange through
tourism

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