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Crypto Lecture1

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6 views

Crypto Lecture1

Uploaded by

nghodangduy0607
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Cryptosystems

Lesson 1
Introduction
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
code
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Doc: khoa cong nghe thong tin Plaintext: 11081501 03151407 14070805 2008151407 200914

VD1: k = 3 Ciphertext:

VD2: k = 4018975632 Ciphertext:

VD2: k = 0185947263 Ciphertext:


Definition
𝐸𝑘 : ℳ → ∁ “Invertible”
∃𝐸𝑘−1′ ≡ 𝐷𝑘 ′ : ∁→ ℳ such that

∀𝑚 ∈ ℳ, 𝑘, 𝑘 , ∈ 𝐾, 𝑐 = 𝐸𝑘 𝑚 𝑚 = 𝐷𝑘 ′ 𝑐 .
Types of cryptosystem
• k  k’: Asymmetric cryptosystem/Public key cryptosystem.
• k  k’: Symmetric cryptosystem/Secrete key cryptosystem.

• |ℳ| |∁|: cryptographic hash function.


Example
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
code
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Doc: khoa cong nghe thong tin Plaintext: 11081501 03151407 14070805 2008151407 200914

VD1: k = 3 Ciphertext:

VD2: k = 4018975632 Ciphertext:

VD2: k = 0185947263 Ciphertext:


Kerckhoff’s Principle for Cryptosystem
• The cryptosystem should be unbreakable practically, if not mathematically.
• Falling of the cryptosystem in the hands of an intruder should not lead to
any compromise of the system, preventing any inconvenience to the user.
• The key should be easily communicable, memorable, and changeable.
• The ciphertext should be transmissible by telegraph, an unsecure channel.
• The encryption apparatus and documents should be portable and operable
by a single person.
• Finally, it is necessary that the system be easy to use, requiring neither
mental strain nor the knowledge of a long series of rules to observe.
Attacks
• Attacks are typically categorized based on the action performed
by the attacker. An attack, thus, can be passive or active
• Passive Attacks. The main goal of a passive attack is to
obtain unauthorized access to the information.
• Active Attacks. An active attack involves changing the
information in some way by conducting some process on the
information.
Assumptions of Attacker
• Environment around Cryptosystem
• Details of the Encryption Scheme
• Availability of Ciphertext
• Availability of Plaintext and Ciphertext
Cryptographic Attacks
• Ciphertext Only Attacks (COA)
• Known Plaintext Attack (KPA)
• Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA)
• Dictionary Attack
• Brute Force Attack (BFA)
• Birthday Attack
• Man in Middle Attack (MIM)
• Side Channel Attack (SCA)
• Timing Attacks
• Power Analysis Attacks
• Fault analysis Attacks
Practicality of Attacks
References
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cryptography/block_cipher.htm

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