International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)

ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

MSW Management and Best Suitable Option

Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and
Energy Recovery for Bhopal (M.P.) India
Varun Singh Bundela, Arun Patel

Abstract: While most of the focus in waste management in on

municipal solid waste management, it is important to note that
C. Problems Being faced by urban local bodies:-
MSW is but a small fraction of the total amount of waste Over the years, there has been a continuous migration of
generated in the India. The municipal Solid Waste Management people from rural and semi-urban areas to towns and cities.
Rules 2016 which is the major rules that governs Solid Waste The proportion of population residing in urban areas has
Management in India. In out Country we generated some increased from 10.84% in 1901 to 25.70% in 1991. Now it
1,00,000 MT tons of Municipal solid waste generated daily in my
country. Even through MSW in dwarfed in size (and is just double of the percentage. The number of class I cities
environmental impact) by other sectors, it should be that has increased from 212 to 300 during 1981 to 1991, while
industrial waste is created in the process of providing us with the class cites II Cities have increased from 270 to 345 during
materials things that ultimately end up in our trash. Consuming the same period. Now in the 2020 figure almost double. The
less therefore saves not only the waste that would have ended up increase in the population in class I cities is very high as
in the municipal waste stream but it also reduces the energy, compared to that in class II cities. The uncontrolled growth
materials and waste associated with providing those items that we
may be able to live without cleanly, attention needs to be directed in urban areas has left many Indian cities deficient
not just at the management of consumer waste but at the infrastructural services such as water supply, sewerage and
completed set of processes that result in the products our society municipal solid waste management. Barring a few
seems to demand. progressive municipal corporation in the Country all other
Keyword: Plasma Gasification, Waste to Energy Plant, Reuse, local bodies suffer due to non-availability of adequate
Recycle, Effective Waste Management expertise and experience, there by the solid waste is not
properly handled resulting into creation of environmental
I. INTRODUCTION pollution and health hazards.
A. Objective of Solid Waste Management
II. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The objective of solid waste management is to reduce the
quantity of solid waste by disposed off on land by recovery It involves management of activities associated with
of materials and converts into energy from solid waste. generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport
processing and disposal of solid waste which is
B. Problems in developing countries like India: -
environmentally compatible adopting principles of
The waste characteristics is developing countries are known economy, aesthetic energy and conversation. It encompasses
to differ considerably from that in developed countries due planning, urbanization, administration, financial, legal and
to different food habits, culture, traditions and socio- engineering aspect.
economic aspects. The organic matter is found to be higher
due to the use of fresh and unprocessed vegetables and has a A. Functional Elements of MSW Management
high moisture content unpaved roads and seasonal variation A. Generation Waste differ in the rate of generation,
in climatic conditions tend to increase the ash and soil quantity and quality depending upon the area of
content increasing the density of the waste. Correspondingly generation. The quantity and quality from residential
lower calorific value has been observed. Urban centers are areas may not vary appreciable. On the other hand, waste
mostly modern out growths of the cities with narrow from commercial and industrial area may very in quality
winding streets requiring small slow moving vehicles for and quantity at different times of the year. This will have
collection and transport. a marked effect on the selection of method for its
collection, processing and disposal.
B. Storage The generated waste is stored within the
premises in commercial and industrial areas, where as in
Manuscript received on 24 June 2022 | Revised Manuscript residential areas occupants take it out and transfer to
received on 29 June 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 July community storage basis.
2022 | Manuscript published on 30 July 2022. C. Collection Citizens deposit the wastes by the road side
* Correspondence Author
Varun Singh Bundela*, PhD Research Scholar, RKDF University, from where the conservancy staff transfer it to the
Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) India. E-mail: [email protected] community bins using wheelbarrow on other equipment
Dr. Arun Patel, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RKDF such primary collection is common in India and other
University, Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), India. developing countries which need a large number of
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and workers and small number of equipments.
Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the
CC-BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 1 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India
D. Transportation The material collected in community minimizing the waste ultimately going to landfill. Apart
dustbins is transferred to transport vehicles for transport from that the facility is also handling animal carcasses so as
to processing on disposed site. to manage the carcasses in environment friendly manner
E. The fleet transport vehicles should have sufficient without causing public nuisance. The compost is to be made
capacity for average and peak loads and should be from organic fraction of solid waste which will be reused for
utilized at optimum levels. In big cities the material in horticulture/agriculture purposes. Thus such an integrated
conveyed to a transfer station from where another set of facility is more useful for handling large amount of solid
vehicles transport in furthers. waste in economical and environment friendly manner
F. Processing and Recovery A large quantity of waste has efficiently.
to be processed before suitable disposal to reduce its
potential nuisance value, occasionally recovery of useful D. Area covered by ISWM facility
constituents is also carried out as an independent Municipal solid waste of 28 ULBs of Rewa, satna and Sidhi
process. Districts is to be handled by this ISWM facility. Names of
G. Disposal The waste may come for disposal either those ULBs are given below:
directly after its transportation or effect processing, Table 1
Disposal could be on land or water logged area for Sr
reclamation. The different function are inter depended Rewa District Satna District Sidhi distrcit
No.
and interrelated which could be better managed by a Rewa Nagar Satna Nagar Sidhi
1
system approach. Disposal method costing less may not Nigam Nigam Municipality
always be the best, which may be effected by higher Municipal
Maihar
Municipal
transport on processing cost. Council, Council Rampur
2 Municipality
Baikunthpur, Distt. Naikin, Distt.
Distt. Satna
B. The Case Studies of Different SWM Facility in M.P. Rewa Sidhi

Integrated Solid Waste Management Facility- Vill. Municipal

Municipal Municipal
Council,
Pahadiya, Distt. Rewa 3 Council, Chakghat, Council Churhat,
Amarpatan,
Distt. Rewa Distt. Sidhi
Location: Village Pahadiya Khasra no. 290, 292, 294, Distt. Satna
Village Sagra, Khasra no. 2201, 2202; total area 18.35 hect.
Municipal Municipal
, Tehsil- Raipur Karchuliyan, District- Rewa (MP). Municipal
Council, Council
Google map of the project site: The project site is located in 4 Council, Teonthar,
Birsinghpur, Majhouli, Distt.
Distt. Rewa
Pahadiya village on a village road which is connected to Distt. Satna Sidhi
National highway NH 7 approximately 05 Kms distant
Municipal Municipal
passing through Raipur karchuliyan. Google map of the Council, Council,
project site is shown below. 5
Mangawan, Distt. Chitrakoot,
Latitude and longitude Rewa Distt. Satna
24.595854 N, 81.386736 E Municipal
Municipal
Site layout Site layout plan of ISWM project Villag - 6 Council, Sirmour,
Council,
Pahadiya,distt. Rewa is given below. Jaitwara, Distt.
Distt. Rewa
Satna
Municipal Municipal
7 Council, Semariya, Council, Kotar,
Distt. Rewa Distt. Satna
Municipal
Municipal
Council,
8 Council, Kothi,
Hanumana, Distt.
Distt. Satna
Rewa
Municipal Municipal
9 Council, Gurh, Council, Nagod,
Distt. Rewa Distt. Satna

Municipal Municipal
Council, Council,
10
Govindgarh, Distt. Ramnagar, Distt.
Rewa Satna
Fig. 1 Site layout of ISWM Project Pahadiya, Rewa Municipal
Municipal Council,
C. Feasibility of the project (why this technology is 11 Council, Naigarhi, Rampur
adopted): Distt. Rewa Baghelan, Distt.
Satna
The project aims to treat/handle the municipal solid waste of Municipal
28 ULBs of Rewa, Satna and Sidhi districts in an integrated Municipal
Council
12 Council, Mauganj,
manner and cluster based approach. In this manner the cost Uchehra, Distt.
Distt. Rewa
Satna
of establishing plants at different location will be minimized
and waste will be handled at single location in an integrated
manner. The project proposes Waste to energy plant of 2X6
MW capacity to generate electricity from RDF produced out
of solid waste thereby utilizing the waste as a resource and
Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 2 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

A map showing location/distribution of ULBs with respect MSW, the facility is also handling animal carcasses in 6-8
to Project site is shown as follows. nos. per day from nearby localities which are incinerated in
controlled conditions of operation at animal carcass plant.

III. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE

Mixed type of solid waste is being sent to the facility from
different ULBs. It is containing food waste, vegetables, fruit
peels, as organic content whereas plastic waste, tyres, inert
waste, metals etc. are found as inorganic content in the
waste. RDF is being prepared from combustible fraction of
solid waste reaching in the facility which is further
transported to cement industries for co-incineration in
cement kiln. The approximation estimation of
characteristics/ composition of solid waste is given below:

Table 2 Composting of MSW Of Rewa

Waste Component % share

Food, vegetable& other organic 56.6 %
waste
Textile 4.5
Paper, cardboard 6.6
Plastic and Polythene 18.7
Glass & Ceramic 2.9
Fig.2 Map showing ULBs of Rewa, Satna and Sidhi Rubber & Leather 1.5
District with distances from Rewa Wood 1.5
Stones & Bricks 7.5
E. Quantity of solid waste Metal 0.3
The total capacity of plant to handle municipal solid waste is Total 100%
700 TPD. However at present approximately 150 TPD
MSW is being handled at the facility. The current estimated
solid waste generation is 340 TPD in the region. Apart from
Details of installed units Table 3
Water pollution
Sr. no. Name of unit Capacity Purpose Air pollution control arrangement
control arrangement
The processing of waste is being
To produce compost of The processing of waste
done under covered shade and to
good quality from organic is done under shade and
1 Compost plant 300 TPD mitigate the odour problem Ecosorb
fraction of municipal solid leachate collection
chemical is sprayed over the waste
waste system is provided.
daily.
No water pollution is Three stage filters are installed to
To handle the dead bodies
Animal carcass there from this unit as curb the chances of air pollution and
2 200 kg/hr of animals without causing
incinerator WW generation is nil. adequate stack ht of 30 m is
public nuisance.
provided.
To produce RDF which
RDF Leachate collection The processing /sorting is done
3 500 TPD may be utilized further for
Processing unit system is provided. under covered shade.
energy recovery
14 TPD To recycle the metal, wood, Recyclable fraction will
Recyclable fraction will be given to
4 Recyclables (5110 per glass and other recyclable be given to recyclers for
recyclers for processing.
year) fraction of the waste. processing.
To be installed as WTE
Waste to To generate electricity from To be installed as WTE plant is
5 2X6 MW Plant is under
energy Plant RDF under construction
construction
HDPE liners are
provided on the base
To dispose off leftover
and daily cover is
Sanitary waste in secured manner,
6 175 TPD applied in secured Daily cover is applied.
landfill which cannot be reused or
manner. Leachate
further processed.
collection system is also
there.
Construction
To handle C&D waste
and demolition
being generated from ULBs Unit is Under
7 waste 100 TPD Unit is under construction.
in an eco friendly manner construction.
management
and reuse it in new projects.
facility
Photographs of above units are given below:
(a) Compost plant:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 3 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India

RDF Processing Unit Refuse Derived fuel (RDF) content

Windrows Storage & Processing under Shade
(Animal Carcass Incinerator:

Aerobic Compost Sorting Section Finished Compost

(b) RDF Processing Unit:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 4 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

[
Sanitary Landfill Leachate collection pond
A. Integrated solid waste management project
Katni
Name of Project: Development of an Integrated MSW
Processing and Disposal Facility at Katni by Katni MSW
Management Private Limited.
Location of Project: Padarwara, Katni, Madhya Pradesh.
Latitude and Longitude: (23°46'50.18" N, 80°23'20.95" E)
or (23.780606° N, 80.389153° E)

Site Layout:

Animal Carcass Plant (200 Kg/hr Capacity)

Recyclables/MRF centre:

Fig.3 Site map showing location of Project site in India

B. Feasibility of Project (why this technology is

adopted)
Material Recovery facility Waste to Energy Plant: the Safe disposal of municipal solid waste being generated in
the ULBs is necessary as per SWM rules 2016. The project
unit is under construction.
aims to manage the solid waste of 5 ULBs in integrated
manner so as to minimize the likely environmental impact
and efficiently utilize the waste as a resource wherever it
may be possible. The project helps in generating RDF
(Refuse Derived Fuel) which is to be used for energy
recovery and organic fraction is being converted into
compost by windrow composting which is further utilized
/sold to farmers for horticulture / agriculture purposes. Apart
from it the facility is having animal carcass incinerator plant
to handle the dead bodies of animals in an environment
friendly and safe manner. Thus such a facility is beneficial
for handling MSW and carcasses in efficient manner and
solving the need of establishing separate plant in each ULB
and hence it is cost effective/economical as well.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 5 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India
C. Area Covered By Iswm Facility Table 4
The ISWM facility Katni is covering 5 ULBs of Katni and Katni District Jabalpur District
Sr Name of Approximat Name of Approxima
Jabalpur districts namely Katni Nagar nigam, Kaymore no. ULB e quantity of ULB te quantity
Nagar Parishad, Vijayragavgarh Nagar Parishad, Sehora MSW of MSW
Nagar Parishad (Distt Jabalpur) and Barhi nagar Parishad. A 1 Katni Nagar 65 TPD Sehora 13.4 TPD
map showing relative distances of participating ULBs from Nigam Municip
ality
Katni is given below: 2 Kymore 5.43 TPD
Municipality

3 Barhi 4.05 TPD

Municipality
4 Vijayragavga 2.75 PD
rh
Municipality

A. Characteristics of solid waste

Mixed type of waste is being sent to the facility which
contains food waste, vegetable waste, fruit peels, plastic
waste, metals and inert waste etc. Approximate physical
composition of waste is given below:
Table 5
Waste Component % share
Fig. 4 Relative locations of 5 ULBs with respect to Katni Food, vegetable& other organic 60.0
waste
RDF 12.1
IV. QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE Textile 0.3
Paper, cardboard 0.5
At present the daily amount of MSW being collected is Plastic and Polythene (recyclable) 0.3
approximately 100 TPD however the plant capacity for Glass & Ceramic 0.1
projected population is about 150 TPD. Out of this collected Rubber & Leather 0.3
MSW from 5 ULBs the daily amount of RDF being Stones & Bricks 0.4
generated is about 50 TPD and finished compost of Metal 0.3
Inert and non recyclables 10.6
good/desirable quality is about 10 TPD. ULBs with
Moisture reduction and others 15.1
approximate generation of MSW is given in following table: Total 100%

Details of installed units with photos: The details of units is as follows- Table 6
Sr. Water pollution control Air pollution control
Name of unit Capacity Purpose
no. arrangement arrangement
The processing of waste is The processing of waste is
To produce compost of done under shade and being done under covered
Compost plant
good quality from leachate collection system is shade and to mitigate the
1 (windrow 35 TPD
organic fraction of provided. However no odour problem organic
composting)
municipal solid waste leachate is observed from chemicals are sprayed over
waste. the waste daily.
To handle the dead
No water pollution is there Three stage filters are
Animal carcass 350 kg/hr (dual bodies of animals
2 from this unit as WW installed to curb the chances
incinerator chamber) without causing public
generation is nil. of air pollution.
nuisance.
Leachate collection system
To produce RDF which
RDF Processing is provided. However no The processing /sorting is
3 70 TPD may utilized further for
unit leachate is observed from done under covered shade.
energy recovery
waste.
To recycle the metal,
Recyclable fraction will be Recyclable fraction will be
wood , glass and other
4 Recyclables 15 TPD given to recyclers for given /sold to recyclers for
recyclable fraction of
processing. processing and reuse.
the waste.
To dispose off leftover HDPE liners are provided
waste in secured on the base and daily cover
Sanitary landfill 30 TPD manner, which cannot is applied in secured Daily cover is applied.
5
be reused or further manner. Leachate collection
processed. system is also there.
Photographs of installed units below:
(a) Compost Plant:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 6 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

(b) Animal Carcass Incinerator:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 7 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India
(c) RDF Processing unit: (d) Recyclables/ Material Recovery Facility: Sanitary
Landfill:

B. Waste To Energy Plant Jabalpur (MP)

Name of Project: Development of Waste to Energy Plant
(11.5 MW) at Kathonda site, Jabalpur by M/s. Essel Infra
Projects Pvt. Ltd.
Location of Project: Kathonda village, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Latitude and Longitude: (23°12'50.3"N 79°55'03.8"E) or
(23.213971N, 79.917721E)
Site Layout:

Fig. 5 Site layout plan of Kathonda site, JabalpurSite

map
C. Feasibility of Project (why this technology is
adopted)
Safe disposal of municipal solid waste being generated in
the ULBs is necessary as per SWM rules 2016. The project
aims to manage the solid waste of Jabalpur Municipal
Corporation in sustainable manner so as to minimize the
likely environmental impact reducing the waste ultimately
going to landfill and efficiently utilize the waste as a
resource for energy recovery. At the same time the
technology/process meets the regulatory requirements as per
SWM rules 2016. The project helps in generating electrical
energy from MSW by employing incineration process (mass
burning technology) in controlled/scientific manner. In this
process segregation of waste is not necessary hence reduces
the operational cost and saves space where land is costly.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 8 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

Thus such a facility is beneficial for handling huge quantity waste, plastic waste, textile, metals and inert waste etc.
of MSW of city like Jabalpur in efficient manner following Approximate physical composition of waste of Jabalpur city
4R principal (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle & Recover) and is given below:
hence it is cost effective/economical as well. Moreover it is Table 7
helpful in creating an ecosystem of circular economy which Waste Component % share
on the other hand proving it to be one of the ambitious and Food, vegetable& other biodegradable 64.3
innovative smart cities in the country. organic waste
Textile 6.3
D. Area covered by ISWM Facility
Paper, cardboard 8.8
The WTE facility is handling MSW of Jabalpur Municipal Plastic and Polythene 8.3
Corporation only. An indicative Google map of Jabalpur Thermacol 1.4
city is given below: Glass & Ceramic 3.7
Rubber & Leather 0.3
Wood 1.6
Stones & Bricks 1.5
Metal 0.2
Inerts 3.6
Total 100%
Waste characterization in terms of calorific value from
different areas of Jabalpur
Table 8
Areas Calorific value (kcal/kg)
Commercial 2357.5
Market 1943.3
Slum 2176.8
Hotel 2286.3
Fig. 7 Indicative Google map of Jabalpur City of High Class Society 2163.7
Madhya Pradesh Middle class society 2102.2
Low class society 1877.5
Quantity of solid waste: At present the daily amount of Institute and College 2260.0
Community /marriage hall 2205.0
MSW being collected and processed is approximately 600 Dumping Site 2500.0
TPD. The un-segregated MSW is processed at the facility. Average Value Greater than 1650
Characteristics of solid waste: Mixed type of waste is being
sent to the facility which contains food waste, vegetable Details of installed units The details of units is as follows-

Table 9. Details of WTE Projects

Sr. Name of unit Capacity Purpose Water pollution control Air pollution control
no. arrangement arrangement
1 Waste 600 TPD To reduce the waste STP of 40 KLD capacity Flue gas treatment system
Incineration plant volume and generate based on UASB reactor (FGT) and Fabric filters are
(11.5 MW) electricity out of technology has been provided along with providing
MSW. provided. stack height of 50 meter.
Indicative longitudinal section of the plant
Jabalpur Waste to Energy Plant:

Fig. 8 Indicative Longitudinal Section of Waste to

Energy Plant, Jabalpur

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 9 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India

Photo 9

Photo 10
E. Integrated solid waste management project
Bhopal
Name of Project: Development of an Integrated MSW
Processing and Disposal Facility at Adampur Chhavni,
Bhopal by M/s. Green Resources Solid Waste Management
Pvt. Ltd.
Location of Project: Adampur Chhavni, Raisen road -
Bhopal (M.P.)
Latitude and Longitude: (23°15'55.6"N 77°33'33.3"E)
or(23.265452 N, 77.559256 E)
Site Layout:

Fig. 11 Site layout plan of Integrated Solid Waste

Management Facility, Bhopal

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 10 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

F. Feasibility of Project (why this technology is H. Quantity of solid waste

adopted) At present the daily amount of MSW being collected is
Safe disposal of municipal solid waste being generated in approximately 800 TPD however the plant capacity for
the ULBs is necessary as per SWM rules 2016. The project projected population is about 1000 TPD. Out of this
aims to manage the solid waste of Bhopal Municipal collected MSW the daily amount of RDF being generated is
Corporation in integrated manner so as to minimize the about 200 TPD and finished compost of good/desirable
likely environmental impact and efficiently utilize the waste quality is about 100 TPD. Apart from this recyclables
as a resource wherever it may be possible. The project helps obtained in the range of 7 TPD whereas inert material
in generating RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) which is to be quantity going to landfill is approximately 50 TPD.
used for energy recovery and organic fraction is being
I. Characteristics of solid waste
converted into compost by windrow composting which is
further utilized /sold to farmers for horticulture / agriculture Mixed type of waste is being sent to the facility which
purposes. Thus such a facility is beneficial for handling contains food waste, vegetable waste, fruit peels, plastic
MSW in efficient manner following 4R principal (Reduce, waste, metals and inert waste etc. Approximate physical
Reuse, Recycle & Recover) and hence it is cost composition of waste is given below:
effective/economical as well. Table 10
Waste Component % share
G. Area covered by ISWM Facility Food, vegetable& other organic waste 54
The ISWM facility is handling MSW of Bhopal Municipal Textile 6
Corporation only. An indicative Google map of Bhopal city Paper, cardboard 7
is given below: Plastic and Polythene 13
Glass & Ceramic 2.5
Rubber & Leather 3.5
Wood 2
Stones & Bricks 11
Metal 1

Total 100%

Fig. 12 Indicative Google map of Bhopal City of Madhya

Pradesh
Details of installed units. Table No 11
Sr. Water pollution control Air pollution control
Name of unit Capacity Purpose
no. arrangement arrangement
1 Compost plant 500 TPD To produce compost of The processing of waste is The processing of waste is being
(windrow good quality from done under shade and leachate done under covered shade and to
composting) organic fraction of collection system is provided. mitigate the odour problem organic
municipal solid waste Leachate treatment plant (LTP) chemicals are sprayed over the
will be installed soon to treat waste daily.
excess amount of leachate.

To produce RDF which

RDF Processing Leachate collection system is The processing /sorting is done
2 500 TPD may utilized further for
unit provided. under covered shade.
energy recovery
To recycle the plastic,
Recyclable fraction will be Recyclable fraction will be given
metal, wood, glass and
3 Recyclables 20 TPD given to recyclers for /sold to recyclers for processing
other recyclable fraction
processing. and reuse.
of the waste.
To dispose off leftover HDPE liners are provided on
50 TPD waste in secured the base and daily cover is
4 Sanitary landfill (Area of landfill manner, which cannot be applied in secured manner. Daily cover is applied.
is 5 acres) reused or further Leachate collection system is
processed. also there.
To handle the legacy
Leachate collection system is Covered boundary is there along
5 Bio-mining 2000 TPD waste already dumped at
provided. with green belt.
the site
Photographs of installed units are given below:
Compost Plant:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 11 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India
RDF Processing unit:

Recyclables/ Material Recovery Facility:

Sanitary Landfill:

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 12 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

Bio-mining Facility for legacy waste treatment:

V. CONCLUSION
The study on integrated municipal solid waste management
sites has given certain key outcomes related to feasibility,
municipal waste management techniques, relative
environmental impacts, economic considerations etc., on the
basis of which it may be concluded that in order to manage
the municipal solid waste in an integrated manner it is better
to have integrated setup including compost plant for
handling organic fraction of the waste and waste to energy
plant for handling dry fraction of the waste. Wherever
cement plants are situated in nearby locations (preferably
within 100 km radius) at those locations RDF may be
disposed off though energy recovery at cement kilns or may
be transported to nearby waste to energy plant instead of
setting up own WTE plant in order to maintain economic
feasibility and to avoid any burden of capital investment.
Further it is noteworthy to say that there are other waste to
energy technologies including Plasma Arc Gasification
technique which is used in many countries for handling
MSW but in Indian scenario it is not that much beneficial
taking into account cost considerations.

A comparative analysis of four ISWM facilities of Madhya Pradesh at different locations under study is concluded
below: Table no. 12

Sr. No. Comparison Integrated Solid Waste Integrated MSW Integrated MSW Waste to Energy Plant
parameter Management Facility Processing and Disposal Processing and Disposal (11.5 MW) at Village
Village- Pahadiya Distt. Facility, at Padarwara, Facility, at Adampur Kathonda, Jabalpur
Rewa (MP) Katni (MP). Chhavni, Bhoapl (MP) (MP)
1 Technology for Windrow composting for Windrow composting for Windrow composting for Mixed waste/un-
handling MSW managing organic fraction managing organic fraction managing organic fraction segregated waste is
and waste to energy plant of MSW and combustible of MSW and combustible handled by incineration
for handling combustible fraction (RDF) is sent to fraction (RDF) is sent to of waste in controlled
fraction (RDF) of MSW. other WTE Plant for other WTE Plant and conditions and thereby
Inert ultimately going to Energy Recovery. cement plants for Energy energy recovery.
landfill. Recovery.
2 Economic Initial capital expenditure Capital expenditure is at Capital expenditure is at Capital expenditure is at
Consideration is high due to higher cost moderate level and some moderate level and some high level however
of waste to energy plant. recovery is done through recovery is done through recovery is possible
However cost may be selling compost. selling compost. through selling generated
recovered by selling electricity.
electricity generated.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 13 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for
Bhopal (M.P.) India
3 Time For composting nearly one For composting nearly one For composting nearly one MSW is processed within
requirement for month is required. month is required. month is required. a day.
handling daily For RDF handling on an For RDF handling on an For RDF handling on an
waste average one day will be average one day is average two days are
required. required. required.
4 Capacity to 350 TPD wet 150 TPD Wet Waste and 1000 TPD Wet Waste and 600 TPD Mixed waste.
Handle MSW waste/organic waste and dry waste /RDF content as dry waste /RDF content as
500 TPD dry waste (RDF) may be present in MSW may be present in MSW
4 Land/ Space Larger area is required Larger area is required per Larger area is required per Less area of land is
Requirement because of landfills. unit MSW processed unit MSW processed required.
because of landfills. because of landfills.
5 Transportation Collection and Collection and Collection and Collection and
requirement transportation of MSW transportation of MSW transportation of MSW transportation of MSW
form door to door to form door to door to MSW form door to door to MSW form door to door to
ISWM site Pahadiya, processing site. After processing site at WTE plant at Kathonda
Rewa. After processing processing waste is Adampur Chhavni After Jabalpur. After
waste is disposed in the disposed in the premises processing inert waste is incineration no
premises. However at and the RDF content is disposed in the landfill and significant waste is there
present WTE plant is under sent to nearby waste to RDF content is sent to for transportation.
construction hence RDF is energy plant in Jabalpur nearby cement plants.
sent to nearby cement (MP).
plants.
6 Leachate Leachate is to be handled No Leachate is observed. Leachate is collected in No Significant leachate
problem in Leachate treatment plant Moreover, Leachate separate tank and re- problem.
. collection system is circulated back to
provided. windrow to increase
composting activity.
Leachate treatment plant is
proposed.
7 Odour Problem Odour problem is not Odour problem is not Mild odour problem is Odour problem is not
significant however significant observed however dense significant
ecosorb/organic chemicals plantation is being done in
are sprayed to mitigate periphery.
odour problem.
8 Inert and Ash Inert and ash is to be Inert is to be disposed off Inert is to be disposed off Ash is to be disposed off
Handling disposed off in landfill. in landfill, no ash in landfill, no ash in secured landfill.
generation is there. generation is there.
and integrated environmental health, WHO Geneva 19996- a joint
Thus apart from above, it may also be concluded that in case 11 publication of UNEP, USEPA and HWO
Bubel AZ “ waste picking and solid waste management “ envir san rev.
of cluster based projects as well as for large cities further 1990, 30 : 53-66
studies on route optimization to reduce the travel distance 12 Beaven RP and W powrie “ Hydro geological and geotechnical
properties of refuse using a large scale compression cell’’ proceeding s
may be helpful in reducing the overall cost of waste
of the fifty international land fill symposium volume II Cagliari Italy
collection and transportation. 1995.
13 Beukering (1999) Waste recovery in Bombey : a socio economic and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT environmental assessment of different waste management option, third
world planning review 19 (2) PP 163-187 [CrossRef]
We are very much thankful to all faculty members of vedica 14 Burton JM sustainable waste management a case study from the UK
water industry water sci technol 1998 38 51-8 [CrossRef]
institute of technology RKDF Univercity Bhopal for 15 Boyli CA solid waste management in New Zealand waste management
valuable guidance and support for this paper. 2000. 20. 517 – 26. [CrossRef]
16 Cal recovery, Inc, Handbook of solid waste Properties government
advisory associates inc, New York, New York USA 1993,
REFERENCES 17 Cal recovery, INC, solid waste management options in Americans
1 Alan BL, VP Cruz, M papay and GJ Trezek, scavenging in metro samoa, prepared for national renewable energy laboratory march 1994
manila March – 1982 the metro manila solid waste management study 18 Cal recovery, metro manila, solid waste management study – waste
task 11 stream characterization prepared for Adhoc committee, republic of the
2 Associated press “ refuse Kil 13” the times, London 1993, Thursday philipines May 1982
april 29th : 15 19 CPCB, “study on plastic waste disposal through plasma pyrolysis
3 Advanced plasma power 2007’’ Gas plasma out puts clean syngas the technology” October 2016.
effects of plasma treatment on the reduction of organics species in the 20 CPCB, “selection criteria for waste processing Technologies” (Aug
syn -gas 2016) [in compliance with national green tribunal order dated 25th may
4 Anh N p, change kook R, vida NS, Jim S 2008, characterisation of & 1st Aug. 2016 in the matter of O.A. No. 199 & 2014 Almitra H.
slow pyrolysis products from segregated waste for energy production J patel & Anr. Vs union of india & ors.]
Anal Appl Pyrol 81 (1) 65-71. 21 Circeo et. al of (1997) evaluation of Plasma arc Technology for the
5 Begchi (1994) ‘’ Design construction and mentoring of landfills”” John treatment of municipal solid waste in Georgia” The construction
wiley and sons new York. research centre, collage of architecture, Georgia institute of technology,
6 Bhide A.D., and surendersan, BB (1987) solid waste management in Altgnta, Georgia tech research institute Atlanta georgia Jan 1997 PP
developing countries”” INSDOC, New Delhi. 72.
7 Bhide AD (1993) “ Biogass from Land fills” civil engineering and 22 Capacity To ACT IN INDIA’S solid waste management and waste to
construction review., February 1993 PP 47-49 [CrossRef] energy industries bhada Perinzsl columbia univ. December 15, 2005
8 Bhide A.D. and sumdarsan 1987 “ solid waste management n 23 Composting waste management - living green UF/IFAS extension .
developing countries “” INSDOC New Delhi http://liveinggreen.ifasufp.edu[online] June 5, 2007 [ sited Nov. 2011]
9 Birley M.H. “ The Health impact assessment of development projects”
The Health Impact programme, Liverpool school of tropical medicine
pemprookke place Liverpool L35QA London December 1994.
10 Birgg D, Corvalan C, Munminem M “ linkage Methods for
environment and health analysis general guidelines” office of global

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 14 © Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-11, July 2022

24 Caroline Ducharme, Technical and economic analysis of Plasma-

assisted waste to Energy processes department of Earn and
Environmental Engineering Fu foundation of engineering and applied
science Columbia univ. Sep. 2010. [CrossRef]
25 Consonnis Giugliano M, Grosso, M 2005 alternative strategies for
energy recovery from municipal solid waste part A mas and energy
balances, waste management 25 123-135 [CrossRef]
26 Diaz L.F., G.M. Savage and C.G. Golueke, resource recovery from
municipal solid waste vol I primary processing, CRC republishes Inc.
Boca Ratn Florida USA 1992.
27 Diaz L.F. G.M. savage, L.L. Eggerth and C.G. Golueke composting
and recycling municipal solid waste lewis. republisher annanbor,
Michigan, USA 1993
28 Diaz L.F. C.G. golueke “solid waste management in developing
countries Bio cycle 26: 46-52 September 1985.
29 Danial, D.E. (1993) : Geotechnical practice for waste disposed”
chapman and hall, London
30 Datta, M (1997) “ waste disposed in engineered landfills” Narosa
Publishers Delhi.
31 Dodge, Ed Plasma gasification of waste newyork cornall university –
Johnson Graduate school of management 2008.
32 Dighe Shyam V. 2008 Westinghouse plasma carporation medison.
pennsylvania USA, plasma gasification: a proven technology,
proceedings of NAWTEC 16th Annual North American waste to
Energy conference may 19-21 2008 Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
[CrossRef]
33 Environmental Pollution Control in relation to development (1985)
world health organization technical report series no. 178
34 E. cole“ chemical and biological exposure and safety hazards in
medical waste treatment facilities: An assessment of alternative
Technology“ Vol 98/2 No. 9 ( Cedex, France: international healthcare
waste network Aug 31, 1998.
35 Ecke H, sakanaluera H. Matsuto T, Tanaka N, Lagerk V. ist. A 2000
State of the arc treatment processes for municipal solid waste
incineration. [CrossRef]
36 Ed. Digemcarnell university – johnson graduate school of management
queens university school of business. Plasma gasification, clean
renewable fuel through vaporization waste July 2008
37 Edbertho leal quiros 2004, plasma processing of municipal solid watste
Brazilian journal of physics, 34 (4B) PP 1587. [CrossRef]
38 Evans steave D, (2009) Plasma gasification plants benefits for
municipal waste management, ezine Articles. Com available at
http://www. Articalesbas.com/istructurearticals/plasma-gasification –
plants befits - for municipal – waste management.
39 G gunatileke Ed. “ health dimensions of economic reform” (World
Helth organization Geneva (1992)
40 Guideline for management and handling of hazardous waste’ MOEF
1991 Delhi.
41 Grisolia M.Q. Napoleoni and G Tangradi “Contribution to a technical
classification of MSW” Proceedings of the fifth international land fill
symposium vol. 2 cagliari itali 1995.
42 Gomez, E, Amutha RD, Cheeseman CR, Deegan D, wise Boccaccini,
AR 2009 , Thermal plasma technology for the treatment of waste a
critical review J Hazard mater 161 (2-3) 614 – 26 [CrossRef]
43 Grimshaw A.J., and Lago A 2010 small scale energy.Gasification
Technology 3rd International symposium on energy from Biomass and
Waste venice Italy 8-11 No. 2010 Cisa publisher Italy - ISBN 978 –
88 – 6265 – 008 – 3

AUTHOR PROFILE
Bundela S. Varun, B.E. (Civil Engg.) From Ghyan
Ganga institute of technology Jabalpur M.E.
(Environmental Engg.) From S.A.T.I. Vidisha. Presently
working as a assistant professor in Bansal institute of
technology anand nagar Bhopal.

Dr. Arun Patel, Ph.D, M.Tech (Hons), BE, Civil

Engineering Ph.D. in Geoinformatic under Civil
Engineering Department from Maulana Azad National
Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal. Mater of
Construction Technology and management (Civil
Engineering) with 79.4% from S.A.T.I Vidisha. Bachelor
of Engineering (CIVL Engineering) from College of Engineering and
Technology Akola

Published By:
Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijmh.K15010781122 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.K1501.0781122 & Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijmh.org 15 © Copyright: All rights reserved.