MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

Module 1: Cell Biology

6. Which biomolecule serves as the main source of energy for the body?
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
a) Proteins b) Lipids c) Carbohydrates d) Nucleic acids
a) Organ b) Tissue c) Cell d) Molecule
Answer: c) Carbohydrates
Answer: c) Cell Explanation: Carbohydrates like glucose are the primary energy source for cellular
Explanation: The cell is the smallest unit of life that performs all vital physiological functions.
functions.
7. DNA is composed of units called:
2. Which organelle is responsible for energy production in cells?
a) Amino acids b) Nucleotides c) Monosaccharides d) Lipids
a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosomes
Answer: b) Nucleotides
Answer: b) Mitochondria Explanation: DNA is made up of nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate
Explanation: Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouse of the cell" because they group, and a nitrogenous base.
generate ATP through cellular respiration.
8. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
3. Which of the following is NOT a type of cell?
a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin E
a) Eukaryotic b) Prokaryotic c) Autotrophic d) Stem cell
Answer: c) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Autotrophic Explanation: Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins involved in blood clotting.
Explanation: Autotrophic refers to an organism's ability to produce its own food, not a
cell type. 9. Lipids primarily function as:

4. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? a) Enzymes b) Energy reserves c) Hormones d) Genetic material

a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Lipid synthesis d) Cell division Answer: b) Energy reserves
Explanation: Lipids store energy and provide insulation and structural support.
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins. 10. Enzymes act as:

5. Stem cells are characterized by their ability to: a) Hormones b) Structural components c) Catalysts d) Energy molecules

a) Transport oxygen b) Differentiate into specialized cell types Answer: c) Catalysts

c) Produce ATP d) Conduct nerve impulses Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without
being consumed.
Answer: b) Differentiate into specialized cell types
Explanation: Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into various specialized cells.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

11. Which organelle is known as the "control center" of the cell? 16. Nucleic acids are responsible for:
a) Nucleus b) Golgi apparatus c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) Lysosomes a) Storing genetic information b) Providing energy
Answer: a) Nucleus c) Catalyzing reactions d) Forming cell membranes
Explanation: The nucleus houses DNA and regulates cell activities, including growth and
reproduction. Answer: a) Storing genetic information
Explanation: DNA and RNA store and transfer genetic information in organisms.
12. The cell membrane is primarily composed of:
17. Hormones are primarily composed of:
a) Proteins and carbohydrates b) Lipids and proteins
a) Proteins and lipids b) Carbohydrates and nucleotides
c) DNA and RNA d) Enzymes and vitamins c) Lipids and enzymes d) Proteins and carbohydrates
Answer: b) Lipids and proteins Answer: a) Proteins and lipids
Explanation: The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins for Explanation: Hormones can be protein-based (e.g., insulin) or lipid-based (e.g., steroids).
structural and functional purposes.
18. Vitamins serve as:
13. What type of bond joins amino acids in proteins?
a) Catalysts for biochemical reactions b) Structural molecules
a) Glycosidic bond b) Peptide bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Ionic bond c) Genetic material d) Membrane components
Answer: b) Peptide bond Answer: a) Catalysts for biochemical reactions
Explanation: Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds during protein synthesis. Explanation: Vitamins act as cofactors or coenzymes, aiding enzymatic functions.

14. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins? 19. What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Ribosome b) Lysosome c) Golgi apparatus d) Endoplasmic reticulum a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication d) Energy production
Answer: c) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, and packages proteins for Answer: b) Protein synthesis
secretion or use within the cell. Explanation: The rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, assisting in protein
production.
15. What is the function of chloroplasts?
20. Which organelle is involved in cellular digestion?
a) Protein synthesis b) Energy production c) Photosynthesis d) Digestion
a) Lysosome b) Mitochondria c) Chloroplast d) Peroxisome
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and convert sunlight into chemical energy Answer: a) Lysosome
via photosynthesis. Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular
debris.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

21. Stem cells are categorized into: 26. Enzymes that break down proteins are called:
a) Pluripotent and unipotent b) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic a) Lipases b) Proteases c) Amylases d) Kinases
c) Autotrophic and heterotrophic d) Renewable and non-renewable
Answer: b) Proteases
Answer: a) Pluripotent and unipotent Explanation: Proteases hydrolyse peptide bonds in proteins.
Explanation: Stem cells can either differentiate into many cell types (pluripotent) or a
specific type (unipotent).
27. Vitamins like Vitamin D are classified as:
22. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver as:
a) Fat-soluble b) Water-soluble c) Carbohydrate-based d) Protein-based
a) Starch b) Glycogen c) Glucose d) Sucrose
Answer: a) Fat-soluble
Answer: b) Glycogen Explanation: Vitamin D dissolves in fats and is stored in the body's fat tissues.
Explanation: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals.

23. The smallest unit of protein structure is: 28. The function of nucleic acids includes:
a) Amino acid b) Nucleotide c) Polysaccharide d) Lipid a) Building cellular structures b) Transporting oxygen
Answer: a) Amino acid c) Storing and transferring genetic information d) Regulating enzymes
Explanation: Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers. Answer: c) Storing and transferring genetic information
Explanation: DNA and RNA perform this crucial role.
24. Lipids that form the cell membrane are called:
a) Triglycerides b) Phospholipids c) Steroids d) Waxes
29. Proteins are synthesized in:
Answer: b) Phospholipids
Explanation: Phospholipids create a bilayer essential for cell membrane integrity. a) Golgi apparatus b) Ribosomes c) Mitochondria d) Lysosomes
Answer: b) Ribosomes
25. The organelle responsible for detoxifying harmful substances is: Explanation: Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
a) Peroxisome b) Ribosome c) Golgi apparatus d) Centriole
Answer: a) Peroxisome 30. A single strand of DNA is held together by:
Explanation: Peroxisomes metabolize and detoxify harmful chemicals like hydrogen
peroxide. a) Peptide bonds b) Phosphodiester bonds c) Glycosidic bonds d) Hydrogen bonds
Answer: b) Phosphodiester bonds
Explanation: Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides in the

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

31. Which of the following organelles is involved in protein modification and sorting? Answer: d) DNA
Explanation: The plasma membrane consists of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol
a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosome but does not contain DNA.
Answer: c) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or 37. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
use within the cell.
a) Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do not
b) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not
32. Which molecule is responsible for carrying genetic information in cells? c) Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size
a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) DNA d) Lipids d) Eukaryotic cells lack mitochondria

Answer: c) DNA Answer: b) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information that is used to direct cell functions and is Explanation: Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells
passed on to offspring during reproduction. do not.

33. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of: 38. What is the function of the lysosome?

a) Carbohydrates b) Nucleic acids c) Proteins and lipids d) Enzymes only a) Protein synthesis b) Waste digestion and recycling
c) ATP production d) DNA replication
Answer: c) Proteins and lipids
Explanation: The rough ER synthesizes proteins, while the smooth ER synthesizes lipids. Answer: b) Waste digestion and recycling
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste and recycle materials.
34. The function of the cytoskeleton is to:
a) Store genetic material b) Provide structural support to the cell 39. Which of the following is a characteristic of stem cells?
c) Regulate cell division d) Produce proteins
a) They cannot divide
Answer: b) Provide structural support to the cell b) They can differentiate into various specialized cells
Explanation: The cytoskeleton helps maintain cell shape and facilitates intracellular c) They are only found in embryos
transport and cell movement. d) They cannot be cultured in vitro
Answer: b) They can differentiate into various specialized cells
35. Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
Explanation: Stem cells are undifferentiated and have the ability to become specialized
a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplast c) Nucleus d) Ribosomes cells in the body.

Answer: b) Chloroplast 40. Which of the following is a function of ribosomes?

Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are responsible for converting sunlight
into energy through photosynthesis. a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) Energy production d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
36. Which of the following molecules is not found in the plasma membrane?
Explanation: Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins during
a) Phospholipids b) Cholesterol c) Protein channels d) DNA translation.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

41. What is the role of mitochondria in the cell? 46. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
a) Protein synthesis b) Photosynthesis c) Energy production (ATP) d) Cell division a) Store genetic material b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
c) Provide energy to the cell d) Protect the cell from external damage
Answer: c) Energy production (ATP)
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP, the cell's primary energy source, through Answer: b) Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
cellular respiration. Explanation: The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials, ensuring proper
cell function.
42. Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?
47. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell cycle?
a) Stores genetic information b) Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
c) Synthesizes lipids d) Synthesizes ATP a) Interphase b) Mitosis c) Cytokinesis d) Meiosis
Answer: b) Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Answer: d) Meiosis
Explanation: The nucleolus is involved in the production of rRNA, which is a component Explanation: Meiosis is not part of the cell cycle but is a type of cell division that
of ribosomes. produces gametes.

43. Which of the following organelles is involved in cellular respiration? 48. Which cellular structure is responsible for organizing microtubules during cell
division?
a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplast c) Nucleus d) Endoplasmic reticulum
a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Centrioles d) Mitochondria
Answer: a) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, where cellular respiration Answer: c) Centrioles
takes place to produce ATP. Explanation: Centrioles help organize microtubules and are involved in forming the
mitotic spindle during cell division.
44. The Golgi apparatus is involved in which cellular process?
49. Which type of cell would most likely contain large amounts of smooth
a) Synthesizing proteins b) Sorting and packaging proteins endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
c) Replicating DNA d) Producing ATP
a) Muscle cell b) Liver cell c) Nerve cell d) Red blood cell
Answer: b) Sorting and packaging proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or Answer: b) Liver cell
use inside the cell. Explanation: The smooth ER is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification, which is
particularly important in liver cells.
45. What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
50. Which molecule is produced during glycolysis?
a) Absorb sunlight b) Convert sunlight into chemical energy
c) Produce oxygen d) Synthesize glucose a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Glucose d) Pyruvate
Answer: b) Convert sunlight into chemical energy Answer: d) Pyruvate
Explanation: Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy during Explanation: Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, generating a small amount of
the photosynthesis process. ATP and NADH.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

Module 2: Biomolecules and Their Application 6. Which lipid is commonly used as biodiesel?
a) Cholesterol b) Saturated fat c) Unsaturated fat d) Vegetable oil
1. Which of the following biomolecules is primarily responsible for providing energy
to the body? Answer: d) Vegetable oil
Explanation: Vegetable oils, such as soy or canola oil, are often converted into biodiesel
a) Proteins b) Lipids c) Carbohydrates d) Nucleic acids for use as an alternative energy source.
Answer: c) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Carbohydrates, like glucose, are the main source of energy for cells. 7. Enzymes are used in biosensor fabrication to:
a) Create structural components b) Catalyze the breakdown of food
2. What is the main application of cellulose in bioengineering? c) Detect specific substances like glucose d) Store genetic information
a) Biodegradable plastic b) Water filtration c) Energy production d) DNA replication Answer: c) Detect specific substances like glucose
Explanation: Enzymes are often employed in biosensors to detect specific biological
Answer: b) Water filtration
molecules, such as glucose in diabetes testing.
Explanation: Cellulose-based filters are used in water filtration systems due to their
natural ability to trap impurities.
8. What is the primary function of enzymes in food processing?
3. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are primarily used for: a) Enhance flavor b) Aid in digestion c) Speed up biochemical reactions d) Store nutrients
a) Biodegradable plastics b) Protein synthesis c) Hormone production d) Drug delivery Answer: c) Speed up biochemical reactions
Explanation: Enzymes in food processing help in breaking down ingredients, improving
Answer: a) Biodegradable plastics
texture, and accelerating fermentation.
Explanation: PHA is a type of biodegradable plastic produced by microorganisms, used in
environmental applications.
9. In textile processing, enzymes are primarily used to:
4. What is the role of nucleic acids in vaccines? a) Fabricate fabrics b) Create new colors
c) Remove impurities and softening fabrics d) Produce synthetic fibers
a) Provide energy to cells b) Act as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
c) Store genetic information to stimulate immune response d) Aid in digestion Answer: c) Remove impurities and softening fabrics
Explanation: Enzymes like cellulase are used in textile processing to clean fabrics and
Answer: c) Store genetic information to stimulate immune response
improve texture.
Explanation: Nucleic acids in vaccines carry genetic information to stimulate the immune
system to recognize and fight pathogens.

5. Which biomolecule is most commonly used in food production as a source of 10. Which of the following proteins is used to create meat analogs?
protein? a) Myosin b) Collagen c) Plant-based proteins d) Hemoglobin
a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids Answer: b) Proteins Answer: c) Plant-based proteins
Explanation: Proteins, such as plant-based proteins, whey proteins, and meat analogs, are Explanation: Plant-based proteins, such as soy or pea protein, are used to create meat
essential in food production for nutrition. substitutes for vegetarian diets.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

11. Which is a major property of lipids in bioengineering applications? 16. What is the function of lipids in biological membranes?
a) Providing energy storage b) Synthesizing proteins a) Transport nutrients b) Provide energy c) Form structural barriers d) Synthesize proteins
c) Creating genetic material d) Acting as catalysts
Answer: c) Form structural barriers
Answer: a) Providing energy storage Explanation: Lipids, especially phospholipids, form the structural foundation of cell
Explanation: Lipids serve as an energy reserve in organisms and have applications in membranes.
energy storage technologies.
17. Which of the following biomolecules is used in bioremediation?
12. The application of proteins in food production includes the use of:
a) Enzymes b) DNA c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids
a) Milk proteins for cheese making b) Glycogen for energy production
c) DNA for gene therapy d) Fatty acids for energy conversion Answer: a) Enzymes
Explanation: Enzymes in bioremediation help break down environmental pollutants into
Answer: a) Milk proteins for cheese making less harmful substances.
Explanation: Casein and whey proteins are used in the dairy industry, especially for
making cheese and other milk-based products. 18. Bioplastics such as PHA are derived from:

13. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used in: a) Fossil fuels b) Renewable biological sources c) Synthetic chemicals d) Minerals

a) Water filtration b) Blood substitutes c) Biodiesel production d) Bioplastics Answer: b) Renewable biological sources
Explanation: PHA and other bioplastics are derived from renewable biological sources
Answer: b) Blood substitutes like plants and bacteria.
Explanation: Perfluorocarbons can carry oxygen and are used in blood substitute products
for medical applications. 19. Which biomolecule plays a crucial role in cell signaling and communication?

14. Which biomolecule is used as a primary fuel source during cellular respiration? a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids

a) Nucleic acids b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Proteins Answer: b) Proteins

Explanation: Proteins, especially enzymes and receptors, are essential for cellular
Answer: b) Carbohydrates communication and signaling.
Explanation: Glucose, a carbohydrate, is the primary fuel molecule utilized in cellular
respiration to produce energy. 20. The use of nucleic acids in diagnostic applications primarily involves:

15. What is the main function of enzymes in detergent formulation? a) Antibiotic resistance b) Detecting genetic mutations
c) Enhancing cell division d) Enhancing protein synthesis
a) Provide fragrance b) Catalyze the breakdown of stains
c) Create new fabric colors d) Form bubbles Answer: b) Detecting genetic mutations
Explanation: Nucleic acids, such as DNA, are used in genetic testing to detect mutations
Answer: b) Catalyze the breakdown of stains and diagnose diseases.
Explanation: Enzymes like proteases and amylases in detergents break down proteins and
starches in stains.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

21. Which of the following biomolecules are used in vaccine production? 26. What is the role of lipids in insulating neurons?
a) Proteins and nucleic acids b) Lipids and carbohydrates a) Transport messages b) Store energy
c) Enzymes and vitamins d) Water and salts c) Form the myelin sheath d) Synthesize proteins
Answer: a) Proteins and nucleic acids Answer: c) Form the myelin sheath
Explanation: Vaccines often use protein antigens or genetic material (mRNA or DNA) to Explanation: Lipids form the myelin sheath, which insulates neurons and enhances the
stimulate an immune response. speed of electrical signals.

22. Which of the following is a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids used in 27. What type of biopolymer is commonly used in food packaging due to its
bioengineering? biodegradability?
a) Olive oil b) Coconut oil c) Palm oil d) Butter a) Polyethylene b) PHA c) Polystyrene d) PVC
Answer: a) Olive oil Answer: b) PHA
Explanation: Olive oil is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, beneficial in many Explanation: PHA is a biodegradable biopolymer used in food packaging and other
bioengineering applications, including nutrition. environmentally friendly applications.

23. Which of the following is the primary structural component of plant cells? 28. Which of the following is a typical application of lipids in bioengineering?
a) Collagen b) Cellulose c) Chitin d) Elastin a) Drug delivery systems b) Biofuel production c) Protein synthesis d) Enzyme catalysis
Answer: b) Cellulose Answer: a) Drug delivery systems
Explanation: Cellulose is a key structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, Explanation: Lipids are used in bioengineering for creating drug delivery systems like
providing rigidity and strength. liposomes for targeted therapy.

24. Which biomolecule is involved in the formation of hair and nails? 29. Which biomolecule is involved in the formation of enzymes?
a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids a) Nucleic acids b) Proteins c) Carbohydrates d) Lipids
Answer: b) Proteins Answer: b) Proteins
Explanation: Keratin, a type of protein, is the main structural component of hair and nails. Explanation: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body.

25. Which biomolecule is used to create bio-based lubricants? 30. What is the role of carbohydrates in bioengineering applications?
a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids a) Structural components b) Storage of energy c) Signaling molecules d) Catalysts
Answer: c) Lipids Answer: b) Storage of energy
Explanation: Lipids, especially fatty acids, are used in the formulation of bio-based Explanation: Carbohydrates, like starch and glycogen, serve as energy storage molecules
lubricants and oils. in biological systems.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

31. Which of the following biomolecules is used in the formation of cell membranes? 36. Which of the following is a protein used in the food industry?
a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids a) Myosin b) Lactase c) Collagen d) Hemoglobin
Answer: c) Lipids Answer: b) Lactase
Explanation: Lipids, particularly phospholipids, are the key components of cell Explanation: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, often used in dairy products
membranes. to assist with lactose digestion.

32. What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body? 37. The function of lipids in cells includes:
a) Provide structural support b) Serve as an energy source a) Providing structural support b) Facilitating protein synthesis
c) Act as catalysts d) Store genetic information c) Energy storage and insulation d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Serve as an energy source Answer: c) Energy storage and insulation
Explanation: Carbohydrates provide quick energy to cells, particularly glucose. Explanation: Lipids store energy and provide insulation, especially in animals.

33. Which of the following is a carbohydrate used in the food industry? 38. Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a) Glucose b) Collagen c) Insulin d) DNA a) Cholesterol b) Phospholipid c) Triglyceride d) Hemoglobin
Answer: a) Glucose Answer: d) Hemoglobin
Explanation: Glucose is a simple sugar used as an energy source in many food products. Explanation: Hemoglobin is a protein, not a lipid, and it is involved in oxygen transport.

34. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are best described as: 39. Which vitamin is fat-soluble and important for vision?
a) Natural sugars b) Biodegradable plastics c) Essential vitamins d) Protein molecules a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Biodegradable plastics Answer: a) Vitamin A
Explanation: PHA is a biopolymer produced by bacteria, used as a biodegradable Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for vision and immune function and is stored in the
alternative to petroleum-based plastics. liver.

35. What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems? 40. Which of the following biomolecules is a major component of muscle fibers?
a) Transport oxygen b) Regulate cell growth a) Collagen b) Actin c) Insulin d) Starch
c) Catalyze chemical reactions d) Store genetic information
Answer: b) Actin
Answer: c) Catalyze chemical reactions Explanation: Actin is a protein that forms the structural foundation of muscle fibers and
Explanation: Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions, allowing essential metabolic plays a role in muscle contraction.
processes to occur efficiently.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

41. Nucleic acids store genetic information in the form of: 46. Which of the following enzymes is used in the production of high-fructose corn
syrup?
a) Amino acids b) Sugars c) Codons d) Fatty acids
a) Amylase b) Lactase c) Sucrase ) Glucokinase
Answer: c) Codons
Explanation: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information Answer: a) Amylase
through sequences of codons. Explanation: Amylase breaks down starches into sugars like glucose and maltose, which
are then used to produce high-fructose corn syrup.
42. Which of the following lipids is commonly used in cosmetics due to its
moisturizing properties? 47. Which of the following biomolecules is used in genetic testing?
a) Saturated fats b) Phospholipids c) Cholesterol d) Essential fatty acids a) Enzymes b) DNA c) Proteins d) Lipids
Answer: d) Essential fatty acids Answer: b) DNA
Explanation: Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3, are used in cosmetics for their skin- Explanation: DNA is used in genetic testing to identify inherited diseases and genetic
moisturizing properties. predispositions.

43. What is the primary function of ribonucleic acid (RNA)? 48. Which lipids are commonly used as biodiesel?
a) Store genetic information b) Transport oxygen a) Animal fats b) Phospholipids c) Plan oils d) Steroids
c) Synthesize proteins d) Catalyze chemical reactions
Answer: c) Plant oils
Answer: c) Synthesize proteins Explanation: Plant oils like soybean oil are converted into biodiesel for use in alternative
Explanation: RNA carries genetic information from DNA and is involved in protein fuel applications.
synthesis in the ribosome.
49. Proteins in the body are involved in all the following functions EXCEPT:
44. The function of enzymes in the digestive system is to:
a) Catalyzing reactions b) Storing energy
a) Break down food into smaller molecules b) Transport nutrients to cells c) Serving as structural components d) Transporting oxygen
c) Store energy d) Regulate hormone secretion
Answer: b) Storing energy
Answer: a) Break down food into smaller molecules Explanation: While proteins have many roles, energy storage is primarily the function of
Explanation: Digestive enzymes catalyze the breakdown of food molecules into carbohydrates and lipids.
absorbable nutrients.

45. Which of the following is a source of plant-based protein? 50. Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?
a) Whey protein b) Soy protein c) Casein d) Collagen a) DNA b) Protein c) Starch d) Glycogen
Answer: b) Soy protein Answer: b) Protein
Explanation: Soy protein is a complete protein derived from plants, commonly used in Explanation: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, forming complex
vegetarian diets. structures with various functions in the body.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

Module 3: Adaptation of Anatomical Principles for Bioengineering Design 6. The kidneys are primarily responsible for:
a) Pumping blood b) Filtration of blood
1. The human brain can be compared to which component in a computer system? c) Regulating body temperature d) Generating energy
a) RAM b) Central Processing Unit (CPU) c) Hard Drive d) Monitor Answer: b) Filtration of blood
Answer: b) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Explanation: The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products and excess fluid,
Explanation: The brain functions similarly to the CPU, processing information and which is then excreted as urine.
controlling the body's activities. 7. The function of the heart in bioengineering design could be modeled as:
2. The eye in bioengineering design is often compared to: a) A cooling system b) A pumping mechanism
a) A camera system b) A light sensor c) A filtration system d) A power generator c) A sensor system d) A storage system

Answer: a) A camera system Answer: b) A pumping mechanism

Explanation: The eye functions similarly to a camera, capturing light and converting it Explanation: The heart's role in circulating blood is analogous to a pump, pushing fluids
into electrical signals for the brain. through tubes or vessels.

3. Which part of the human body is analogous to a pump in bioengineering design? 8. Which of the following biological systems would best be modeled as a mechanical
filtration system in bioengineering?
a) Heart b) Kidney c) Brain d) Lungs
a) Heart b) Liver c) Kidney d) Brain
Answer: a) Heart
Explanation: The heart functions like a pump, circulating blood throughout the body. Answer: c) Kidney
Explanation: The kidneys act as filters to remove waste from the blood, making them an
4. Which biological system in the human body works as a purification system, similar ideal model for filtration systems in bioengineering.
to a filter?
9. The heart’s role in bioengineering is similar to which component of a hydraulic
a) Lungs b) Kidney c) Liver d) Heart system?

Answer: b) Kidney a) Reservoir b) Pump c) Piping system d) Pressure relief valve

Explanation: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances,
akin to a purification system. Answer: b) Pump
Explanation: The heart pumps blood throughout the body, much like a pump in a
5. The lungs in bioengineering design are most similar to which system? hydraulic system moves fluid through pipes.
a) Filtration system b) Pump system c) Purification system d) Energy system 10. The brain is responsible for:

Answer: c) Purification system a) Oxygen exchange b) Filtering blood

Explanation: The lungs purify the blood by exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon c) Information processing and control d) Producing enzymes
dioxide) during respiration.
Answer: c) Information processing and control
Explanation: The brain processes sensory information and controls bodily functions, like
how a CPU processes data in a computer.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

11. The bioengineering design of artificial hearts is based on the anatomical principle 16. Bioengineering models based on the function of the heart would most likely be
of: used in:
a) Fluid dynamics b) Muscle contraction c) Electrochemical reactions d) Filtration a) Artificial kidneys b) Pacemakers c) Insulin pumps d) Prosthetic limbs
Answer: a) Fluid dynamics Answer: b) Pacemakers
Explanation: Artificial hearts are designed to pump blood using principles of fluid Explanation: Pacemakers regulate heart rhythms, replicating the electrical function of the
dynamics, mimicking the heart's pumping action. heart in bioengineering applications.
12. The function of the kidneys can be modeled in bioengineering as: 17. Which biological organ functions similarly to a pressure valve in a hydraulic
system?
a) A filtration and purification system b) A pump c) A power supply d) A data processor
a) Heart b) Kidney c) Liver d) Lungs
Answer: a) A filtration and purification system
Explanation: The kidneys' function of filtering waste from the blood can be replicated in Answer: a) Heart
bioengineering by designing filtration systems. Explanation: The heart helps maintain pressure in the circulatory system, like a pressure
valve controlling fluid flow in hydraulic systems.
13. Which system in bioengineering is most likely to use the analogy of the human
circulatory system? 18. The adaptation of the heart for bioengineering design is most relevant for:
a) Water purification systems b) Electrical circuits a) Blood pressure regulation b) Organ transplantation
c) Hydraulic systems d) Air filtration systems c) Mechanical valves d) Cell division
Answer: c) Hydraulic systems Answer: c) Mechanical valves
Explanation: Both the human circulatory system and hydraulic systems rely on fluid Explanation: Bioengineered mechanical heart valves are designed based on the
movement through pipes to deliver substances to various parts of the system. anatomical structure and function of the heart's natural valves.
14. Which body part is most closely related to the function of a pump in 19. The analogy of the kidney as a filtration system is applied in bioengineering for
bioengineering? designing:
a) Lungs b) Heart c) Liver d) Stomach a) Wastewater treatment plants b) Electrical filters
c) Fluid pumps d) Electrical circuit breakers
Answer: b) Heart
Explanation: The heart functions as a pump, circulating blood throughout the bod Answer: a) Wastewater treatment plants
Explanation: Just as the kidneys filter waste from the blood, bioengineering uses this
analogy to design systems for filtering impurities from water or wastewater
15. Which of the following systems in bioengineering design is most closely modeled
after the human respiratory system? 20. The function of the lungs is most analogous to:

a) Purification system b) Water filtration system a) A filtration system b) A pump system

c) Air conditioning system d) Refrigeration system c) A heat exchange system d) A communication system

Answer: a) Purification system Answer: a) A filtration system

Explanation: The respiratory system purifies the blood by exchanging oxygen and carbon Explanation: The lungs exchange gases in the blood, similar to a filtration system that
dioxide, which is analogous to a purification process. removes impurities.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

26. The analogy of the heart as a pump system is most often applied in:
21. Which bioengineering technology could mimic the function of the kidneys in
filtering waste products? a) Artificial organs b) DNA replication c) Food production d) Solar energy systems
a) Hemodialysis machines b) Prosthetic limbs c) Oxygenators d) Pacemakers Answer: a) Artificial organs
Explanation: Artificial hearts and other bioengineering devices use the pump analogy to
Answer: a) Hemodialysis machines
circulate fluids
Explanation: Hemodialysis machines replicate kidney function by filtering waste and
excess fluid from the blood 27. Which biological function is most analogous to the filtration system in
bioengineering?
22. The liver's role in detoxification in bioengineering can be modeled in:
a) Oxygen exchange b) Digestive enzyme secretion c) Blood filtration d) Protein synthesis
a) Water filtration systems b) Bioreactors c) Heat exchangers d) Genetic engineering
Answer: c) Blood filtration
Answer: b) Bioreactors
Explanation: The kidneys' role in filtering waste from the blood serves as a model for
Explanation: Bioreactors are designed to detoxify or break down chemical compounds,
filtration systems in bioengineering
analogous to the liver's detoxifying function.
28. Bioengineering models based on the brain’s information processing can be
23. The comparison of the human eye to a camera system is relevant for designing:
applied in:
a) Prosthetic eyes b) Digital cameras c) Motion sensors d) Optic nerve implants
a) Artificial intelligence b) Blood purification systems
Answer: b) Digital cameras c) Bone reconstruction d) Skin grafts
Explanation: Digital cameras function similarly to the eye, capturing light and converting Answer: a) Artificial intelligence
it into image
Explanation: AI systems replicate the brain’s ability to process information, much like the
24. Bioengineering systems that emulate the pumping function of the heart are used brain controls bodily functions
in:
29. The bioengineering design of the brain includes models for:
a) Cardiovascular devices b) Filtration systems c) Heat exchangers d) Electrical circuits
a) Neural networks b) Genetic manipulation c) Fluid dynamics d) Thermal regulation
Answer: a) Cardiovascular devices
Answer: a) Neural networks
Explanation: Devices like artificial hearts and pumps use bioengineering principles to
Explanation: Bioengineering uses neural networks to mimic the brain’s complex
replicate the heart’s pumping function processing of information
25. The function of the heart in bioengineering design is essential for designing:
30. In bioengineering, the heart's pumping function is essential for creating:
a) Blood transfusion systems b) Mechanical pumps
a) Biodegradable plastics b) Hydrodynamic systems
c) Oxygen delivery systems d) Wound healing systems
c) Circulatory system analogs d) Genetic computing
Answer: b) Mechanical pumps Answer: c) Circulatory system analogs
Explanation: Bioengineering uses heart-like mechanical pumps to mimic the circulation
Explanation: The heart’s pumping action is a key principle for designing systems that
of blood.
mimic the human circulatory system in bioengineering.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

31. The heart’s function as a pump can be compared to which engineering system? 36. Which biological process is similar to the operation of a water filtration system?
a) Hydraulic system b) Electrical system c) Heat exchange system d) Chemical reaction a) Oxygen transport in the lungs b) Filtration of blood in the kidneys
system c) Heat exchange in the body d) Digestion of food
Answer: a) Hydraulic system Answer: b) Filtration of blood in the kidneys
Explanation: The heart pumps blood through vessels, similar to how a hydraulic pump Explanation: The kidneys filter waste from the blood, much like a water filtration system
moves fluids through pipes. removes impurities from water
32. In bioengineering, the brain can be modeled as which of the following? 37. The analogy of the heart as a pump is essential in designing:
a) A storage unit b) A control center for operations a) Water purification systems b) Air conditioning units
c) A power supply d) A data transmitter c) Hydraulic machinery d) Drug delivery systems
Answer: b) A control center for operations Answer: c) Hydraulic machinery
Explanation: The brain coordinates and controls body functions, analogous to a central Explanation: The heart's pumping action is analogous to hydraulic pumps used in various
control system in bioengineering industrial machines
33. What is a key function of the kidneys in bioengineering models? 38. Which biological organ’s function is most similar to that of a purification system
in bioengineering?
a) Oxygen transport b) Filtration and waste removal
c) Nutrient absorption d) Electrical signal processing a) Lungs b) Kidneys c) Stomach d) Liver
Answer: b) Filtration and waste removal Answer: a) Lungs
Explanation: The kidneys filter waste from the blood, similar to a filtration system in Explanation: The lungs purify blood by removing carbon dioxide and exchanging it for
engineering models oxygen, similar to a purification system
34. The lung's function in bioengineering is most similar to: 39. The function of the kidneys can be applied to bioengineering designs for:
a) A filtration system b) A chemical reactor a) Energy generation b) Bioreactors for chemical synthesis
c) A gas exchange system d) A pressure regulator c) Fluid filtration systems d) Data processing
Answer: c) A gas exchange system Answer: c) Fluid filtration systems
Explanation: The lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, similar to a gas exchange Explanation: The kidneys' filtration function is modeled in bioengineering for various
system fluid purification systems
35. Which biological system is compared to a pump in bioengineering? 40. The human brain is most comparable to which part of an engineering system?
a) The brain b) The heart c) The kidneys d) The liver a) Storage unit b) Control center c) Power supply d) Heat exchanger
Answer: b) The heart Answer: b) Control center
Explanation: The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system, similar to a pump in Explanation: The brain functions as the central control unit of the body, similar to how a
engineering applications. control center directs an engineering system's operations.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

41. The analogy of the eye to a camera system is used in bioengineering to develop: 46. The brain’s role in regulating bodily functions is most similar to the function of:
a) Vision prosthetics b) Photovoltaic cells a) A feedback control system b) A sensor device
c) Electrical sensors d) Audio systems c) A power generator d) A storage system
Answer: a) Vision prosthetics Answer: a) A feedback control system
Explanation: Bioengineering uses the eye-camera analogy to design artificial vision Explanation: The brain regulates and coordinates body functions, similar to how feedback
systems and devices for the visually impaired control systems maintain stability in engineering systems
42. The analogy of the heart as a pump is most useful in bioengineering for: 47. Bioengineering models inspired by the structure of blood vessels are most
commonly used in:
a) Renewable energy systems b) Cardiovascular devices
c) Genetic engineering d) Nutrient delivery systems a) Hydraulic systems b) Renewable energy technologies
c) Building construction d) Waste management
Answer: b) Cardiovascular devices
Explanation: Bioengineering uses the pump analogy to design devices like artificial Answer: a) Hydraulic systems
hearts and heart valves. Explanation: The structure and function of blood vessels inspire the design of systems
that transport fluids efficiently, such as hydraulic syste
43. In bioengineering, the lungs are most often compared to:
48. The function of the kidneys in bioengineering models can be applied to:
a) A filtration system b) A power source c) A sound system d) A data storage device
a) Air filtration devices b) Wastewater treatment systems
Answer: a) A filtration system c) Fuel production d) Solar energy systems
Explanation: The lungs purify the blood by exchanging gases, much like a filtration
system purifies fluids Answer: b) Wastewater treatment systems
Explanation: The kidneys filter out waste and excess fluid from the body, similar to how
44. The kidneys' function as a filtration system is applied to bioengineering models
wastewater treatment systems remove pollutants from water.
in:
49. The function of the heart in bioengineering models is applied to:
a) Water treatment facilities b) Waste-to-energy plants
c) Solar energy systems d) Electrical circuits a) Artificial hearts b) Protein synthesis systems
c) Data analysis systems d) Solar power systems
Answer: a) Water treatment facilities
Explanation: The kidneys filter out waste from the blood, an idea that is applied in water Answer: a) Artificial hearts
purification systems Explanation: The heart’s pumping mechanism is used to develop artificial hearts for
patients with heart disease
45. The concept of the heart as a pump is often used in designing:
50. The kidney’s filtration process is used in bioengineering for designing:
a) Artificial muscles b) Biofuel production systems
c) Hydraulics systems d) Optical sensors a) Power generators b) Oxygen sensors c) Filtration systems d) Heat exchangers
Answer: c) Hydraulics systems Answer: c) Filtration systems
Explanation: The heart's pumping action inspires the design of hydraulic pumps used to Explanation: The filtration process of the kidneys serves as a model for creating various
move fluids in engineering applications bioengineering filtration systems used in water and air purification.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

Module 4: Nature-Bioinspired Materials and Mechanism 6. Sharkskin is often used in bioengineering to:
a) Create energy-efficient materials b) Mimic human skin
c) Develop antibacterial surfaces d) Improve car tires
1. Which natural phenomenon is commonly used as an inspiration for bioengineering
design in fluid dynamics? Answer: c) Develop antibacterial surfaces
Explanation: Sharkskin’s structure helps reduce bacterial growth, making it useful for
a) Bird flight b) Photosynthesis c) Shark skin d) Lotus leaf effect creating antibacterial surfaces.
Answer: c) Shark skin 7. Bioinspired materials that mimic plant burrs are used in:
Explanation: Shark skin has unique properties that reduce drag and have been used as
inspiration for bioengineering materials a) Adhesives b) Drug delivery systems
c) Renewable energy systems d) Water filtration systems
2. The Lotus leaf effect in bioengineering is mainly related to:
Answer: a) Adhesives
a) Air filtration b) Water repellency c) Oxygen production d) Solar energy absorption Explanation: Plant burrs inspire the design of adhesives that can stick and unstick without
damaging surfaces.
Answer: b) Water repellency
Explanation: The lotus leaf has microscopic surface structures that cause water to bead up 8. The process of photosynthesis has been mimicked for which bioengineering
and roll off, inspiring self-cleaning materials. application?
3. Which of the following is inspired by echolocation for bioengineering purposes? a) Solar power generation b) Water filtration c) Antibacterial coatings d) Prosthetic design
a) Sonar systems b) Solar panels c) Wind turbines d) Pressure sensors Answer: a) Solar power generation
Explanation: Researchers have modelled artificial photosynthesis to improve solar energy
Answer: a) Sonar systems
technologies
Explanation: Echolocation, used by bats, has inspired the development of sonar systems
that use sound waves to detect objects. 9. The concept of biomimicry in bioengineering focuses on:
4. What natural phenomenon is mimicked by bioengineered materials for water a) Developing materials that look like natural objects
purification systems? b) Replicating nature’s design principles for practical solutions
c) Increasing the speed of manufacturing
a) Photosynthesis b) Sharkskin c) Plant burrs d) Lotus leaf effect
d) Using natural materials directly in manufacturing
Answer: d) Lotus leaf effect
Answer: b) Replicating nature’s design principles for practical solutions
Explanation: The lotus leaf effect is used in bioengineering for creating self-cleaning and
Explanation: Biomimicry uses nature’s time-tested patterns and strategies to solve human
water-repellent surfaces
engineering challenges
5. The structure of bird wings has inspired:
10. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used in bioengineering primarily as:
a) Efficient solar panels b) Advanced prosthetic limbs
a) Blood substitutes b) Solar panel coatings c) Structural materials d) Renewable energy
c) Aircraft designs d) Drug delivery systems
sources
Answer: c) Aircraft designs
Answer: a) Blood substitutes
Explanation: The study of bird wings has led to improved aerodynamics in aircraft
Explanation: PFCs can carry oxygen and are used in blood substitutes for medical
design.
applications.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

11. Which animal’s beak inspired the design of high-speed trains? 16. The Kingfisher's beak inspired bioengineering designs for:
a) Hummingbird b) Kingfisher c) Falcon d) Penguin a) High-speed trains b) Wind turbines c) Medical sensors d) Solar panels
Answer: b) Kingfisher Answer: a) High-speed trains
Explanation: The kingfisher’s beak shape inspired the streamlined design of high-speed Explanation: The kingfisher’s streamlined beak design inspired the nose of high-speed
trains to reduce air resistance trains to reduce noise and energy consumption
12. Which biomimetic design is used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines? 17. Which biological principle is applied in the design of self-healing materials?
a) Sharkskin b) Bird wings c) Butterfly wings d) Fish fins a) Photosynthesis b) Cell division c) Blood clotting d) Animal regeneration
Answer: b) Bird wings Answer: c) Blood clotting
Explanation: The aerodynamic properties of bird wings have been applied to improve Explanation: Self-healing materials mimic the biological process of blood clotting,
wind turbine blade designs repairing themselves when damaged
13. Bioinspired designs based on the structure of honeycomb are used in:
18. The design of fish fins has inspired bioengineering solutions for:
a) Solar energy systems b) Aircraft and building structures
c) Prosthetic limbs d) Water filtration a) Renewable energy systems b) Aquatic robotics and propulsion
c) Drug delivery systems d) Water filtration
Answer: b) Aircraft and building structures
Explanation: Honeycomb structures are used for their strength-to-weight ratio in both Answer: b) Aquatic robotics and propulsion
aviation and architecture Explanation: Fish fins inspire the design of robotic propulsion systems used in
14. The design of human blood substitutes like hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers is underwater vehicles
inspired by: 19. Which bioinspired material is used for creating high-strength, lightweight
composites?
a) Blood cells b) Plant pigments c) Marine animals d) Artificial chemicals
a) Bone b) Spider silk c) Silk worms d) Insect wings
Answer: a) Blood cells
Explanation: Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers mimic the oxygen-carrying function of Answer: b) Spider silk
red blood cells Explanation: Spider silk has a high tensile strength-to-weight ratio, inspiring lightweight,
high-strength composites
15. Which natural material is often used to inspire biodegradable plastic designs?
a) Starch b) Wood c) Cellulose d) Animal proteins
20. The phenomenon of echolocation in bats inspired the development of:
Answer: c) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose, found in plants, is a natural polymer used to create biodegradable a) Sonar systems b) Water filtration systems c) Solar panels d) Heat pumps
plastics Answer: a) Sonar systems
Explanation: The ability of bats to navigate via sound waves inspired sonar systems used
in navigation and detection technologies.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

21. The study of fish skin’s structure inspired the development of: 26. The flexible design of bird wings inspired bioengineering solutions in:
a) Antibacterial surfaces b) Advanced textiles a) Aircraft design b) Medical prosthetics c) Solar power systems d) Water filtration
c) Prosthetic materials d) Self-cleaning systems
Answer: a) Aircraft design
Answer: a) Antibacterial surfaces Explanation: Bird wing designs have influenced aerodynamics in aviation technology.
Explanation: Fish skin’s unique structure has inspired the creation of materials with
27. The structure of human hair inspired the creation of:
antibacterial properties
22. Which plant’s structure is used in the design of waterproof clothing? a) Textile materials b) Biodegradable plastics
c) Filtration system d) Energy storage materials
a) Cactus b) Lotus c) Pine d) Oak
Answer: a) Textile materials
Answer: b) Lotus Explanation: The structure and strength of human hair inspired the development of
Explanation: The lotus leaf’s ability to repel water inspired the creation of waterproof advanced textile materials used in fashion and industrial applications
fabrics and clothing.
28. Which natural process has been replicated to develop bio-inspired air purifiers?
23. The structure of fish scales inspired the design of:
a) Photosynthesis b) Filtration by trees c) Water evaporation d) Ocean currents
a) Solar energy systems b) Protective materials c) Artificial gills d) Insulation materials
Answer: b) Filtration by trees
Answer: b) Protective materials Explanation: Trees naturally filter the air, and bioengineering has applied similar
Explanation: Fish scales provide protection against environmental elements and have principles to create air purification system
been used as a model for developing protective materials
29. Which of the following natural designs has inspired sustainable building
24. Biomimetic designs inspired by human tissues have applications in: materials?
a) Drug delivery b) Bioprinting and tissue engineering a) Human skin b) Spider webs c) Bird nests d) Coral reefs
c) Solar panels d) Electrical circuits
Answer: d) Coral reefs
Answer: b) Bioprinting and tissue engineering Explanation: Coral reefs’ natural structure has inspired the development of sustainable,
Explanation: The study of human tissues has led to advancements in bioprinting and strong building materials
tissue engineering, allowing for the development of artificial organs
30. The self-healing mechanism in biological systems has inspired the development of:
a) Artificial intelligence b) Self-repairing materials
25. The ability of plants to store energy in chemical bonds inspired:
c) Renewable energy system d) Water filtration systems
a) Solar energy systems b) Biofuel production c) Protein synthesis d) Water purification
Answer: b) Self-repairing materials
Answer: b) Biofuel production Explanation: The biological process of healing wounds inspired the creation of self-
Explanation: Plants store energy in the form of chemical bonds in carbohydrates, which repairing materials used in engineering and construction.
has inspired biofuel production systems.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

31. Sharkskin's structure is often mimicked in bioengineering to create: 36. The study of fish fins has inspired bioengineering designs for:
a) Self-cleaning surfaces b) Lightweight materials a) Propulsion systems b) Renewable energy production
c) Artificial muscles d) High-strength polymers c) Building materials d) Drug delivery systems
Answer: a) Self-cleaning surfaces Answer: a) Propulsion systems
Explanation: Sharkskin’s structure is known for reducing drag and repelling bacteria, Explanation: Fish fins’ efficient movement has inspired the design of underwater
inspiring self-cleaning surfaces propulsion systems
37. The self-cleaning properties of the lotus leaf inspired bioengineering designs for:
32. The lotus leaf effect has inspired bioengineering designs for:
a) Renewable energy systems b) Self-repairing materials
a) Solar panels b) Water-repellent coatings c) Water-repellent fabrics d) Drug-resistant materials
c) Drug delivery systems d) Energy-efficient buildings
Answer: c) Water-repellent fabrics
Answer: b) Water-repellent coatings Explanation: The water-repellent nature of the lotus leaf has inspired the creation of self-
Explanation: The lotus leaf’s ability to repel water has inspired designs for self-cleaning cleaning and water-resistant fabrics
and water-repellent materials 38. Which of the following natural mechanisms inspired the development of self-
33. The wings of birds have inspired bioengineering designs for: healing concrete?

a) Solar energy collectors b) Aircraft aerodynamics a) Photosynthesis b) Blood clotting c) Regeneration in lizards d) Plant growth
c) Water filtration d) Energy storage systems
Answer: b) Blood clotting
Answer: b) Aircraft aerodynamics Explanation: The mechanism of blood clotting has inspired the creation of self-healing
Explanation: Bird wing structures have inspired the design of more aerodynamically concrete that repairs itself when cracked
efficient aircraft
39. Bioengineering systems inspired by the structure of honeycomb are most
34. Which of the following has inspired bioengineering designs for high-speed trains? commonly used in:

a) Hummingbird wings b) Kingfisher beak c) Shark skin d) Butterfly wings a) Aircraft design b) Solar energy systems c) Heat exchangers d) Construction materials

Answer: b) Kingfisher beak Answer: a) Aircraft design

Explanation: The kingfisher's beak shape has inspired the streamlined design of high- Explanation: The honeycomb structure is used to create lightweight, strong materials in
speed trains to reduce air resistance aircraft design
35. Echolocation in bats is used to inspire which type of bioengineering technology? 40. The structure of bird feathers has inspired bioengineering designs for:

a) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b) Sonar systems c) Solar cells d) Nanotechnology a) Insulating materials b) High-speed transport
c) Drug delivery systems d) Biodegradable plastics
Answer: b) Sonar systems
Explanation: Echolocation in bats has inspired sonar systems, which are used for Answer: a) Insulating materials
navigation and object detection underwater Explanation: Bird feathers’ ability to trap air and insulate the body has inspired the design
of effective insulating materials.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

41. The design of plant burrs inspired the development of bioengineering materials 46. Which natural structure has inspired the design of efficient heat exchangers?
for:
a) Honeycomb b) Bird feathers c) Fish fins d) Spider webs
a) Water purification b) Adhesives c) Biodegradable plastics d) Solar energy
Answer: a) Honeycomb
Answer: b) Adhesives Explanation: Honeycomb structures are used in bioengineering to create efficient heat
Explanation: The structure of plant burrs has inspired the development of adhesives that exchangers due to their strength-to-weight ratio
can stick to surfaces without damaging the
47. The principle of self-healing has been applied in bioengineering to design:
42. Which of the following bioinspired mechanisms is used in the design of high-
efficiency solar panels? a) Energy-efficient solar panels b) Self-repairing materials
c) Water filtration systems d) Artificial muscles
a) Echolocation b) Photosynthesis c) Bioluminescence d) Flight patterns
Answer: b) Self-repairing materials
Answer: b) Photosynthesis Explanation: The concept of self-healing, inspired by biological processes, is applied to
Explanation: Bioengineering designs for solar panels are inspired by the efficiency of materials that can repair themselves after damage.
photosynthesis in plants.
48. The design of lotus leaves has inspired the creation of:
43. Which biomimetic material is used in bioengineering for creating lightweight yet
strong structures? a) Water-repellent fabrics b) Artificial organs c) Drug-delivery devices d) Smart materials

a) Spider silk b) Fish scales c) Collagen Answer: a) Water-repellent fabrics

d) Wood fibers Explanation: The lotus leaf's water-repelling property is used to design fabrics that remain
clean and dry
Answer: a) Spider silk
49. Which biological feature has inspired the development of strong and lightweight
Explanation: Spider silk is one of the strongest natural materials and has inspired the
materials in bioengineering?
design of lightweight, high-strength fibers
44. Sharkskin’s texture has been applied in bioengineering to create surfaces with: a) Bird wings b) Bone structure c) Plant leaves d) Fish skin

a) Low thermal conductivity b) High drag resistance Answer: b) Bone structure

c) Antibacterial properties d) High elasticity Explanation: The porous, lightweight, and strong structure of bones has inspired the
design of materials for use in aerospace and construction
Answer: c) Antibacterial properties
Explanation: The unique texture of sharkskin has inspired the creation of surfaces with 50. The biomimetic design of artificial wings for drones is inspired by:
antibacterial properties a) Bird flight b) Butterfly wings c) Dragonfly wings d) Fish fins
45. Which of the following bioinspired designs is used in medical applications for Answer: c) Dragonfly wings
artificial skin? Explanation: The lightweight and flexible nature of dragonfly wings has inspired
a) Fish scales b) Spider silk c) Human hair d) Plant fibers bioengineering designs for efficient drone wings.

Answer: a) Fish scales

Explanation: The structure of fish scales has inspired the development of artificial skin
used for burn victims and other medical applications.

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 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

Module 5: Trends in Bioengineering 6. Which of the following is an example of bioimaging used in disease diagnosis?
1. What is the primary application of scaffolds in bioengineering? a) MRI b) Prosthetics c) Biodegradable plastics d) Bioremediation
a) Drug delivery b) Tissue engineering c) Biodegradable plastics d) Energy production Answer: a) MRI
Explanation: Bioimaging techniques like MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are used to
Answer: b) Tissue engineering capture detailed images of the body's internal structures for diagnostic purposes
Explanation: Scaffolds are used to support the growth of new tissues in tissue
engineering, serving as a framework for cell attachment and growth 7. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare can be applied to:
2. Bioprinting in bioengineering is primarily used for: a) Predict disease outbreaks b) Produce biodegradable plastics
c) Regenerate tissue d) Synthesize antibiotics
a) Creating artificial limbs b) Printing tissues and organs
c) Water purification d) Food production Answer: a) Predict disease outbreaks
Explanation: AI can analyze large datasets to predict disease trends, outbreaks, and help
Answer: b) Printing tissues and organs personalize treatments in healthcare.
Explanation: Bioprinting uses 3D printing technologies to create tissues and organs,
allowing for the production of complex biological structures 8. What is bioconcrete used for in bioengineering?
3. In tissue engineering, scaffolds are designed to: a) Producing biodegradable plastics b) Creating sustainable construction materials
c) Regenerating tissue d) Manufacturing prosthetic limbs
a) Deliver oxygen b) Mimic the structure of human tissues
c) Eliminate waste d) Provide nutrients to cells Answer: b) Creating sustainable construction materials
Explanation: Bioconcrete is a type of concrete that uses bacteria to self-repair cracks and
Answer: b) Mimic the structure of human tissues improve sustainability in construction.
Explanation: Scaffolds are designed to replicate the extracellular matrix of human tissues
to support cell growth and tissue formation 9. Bioremediation is a technique used to:
4. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in food science for taste and a) Recycle waste products b) Remediate polluted environments using biological organisms
smell analysis? c) Synthesize biofuels d) Increase crop yields
a) DNA origami b) Electrical tongue c) Bioprinting d) Artificial intelligence Answer: b) Remediate polluted environments using biological organisms
Explanation: Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to break down pollutants
Answer: b) Electrical tongue and restore environmental balance.
Explanation: The electrical tongue is a device used to analyze and replicate human taste
by detecting various chemical components in food
10. The application of bioprinting to produce artificial tissues is most relevant for:
5. The application of DNA origami in bioengineering involves:
a) Sustainable agriculture b) Drug testing and development
a) Creating artificial organs b) Designing nanoscale structures c) Environmental pollution control d) Space exploration
c) Enhancing cellular energy production d) Synthesizing proteins
Answer: b) Drug testing and development
Answer: b) Designing nanoscale structures Explanation: Bioprinting is used to create tissues for drug testing and to simulate human
Explanation: DNA origami is a method of folding DNA molecules into precise shapes, responses to new medications.
which can be used to create nanoscale devices in bioengineering.

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11. The electrical nose in bioengineering is used to: 16. In bioengineering, which of the following is used for the detection and analysis of
volatile compounds?
a) Analyze smells in food and beverages b) Deliver oxygen to cells
c) Synthesize proteins d) Control artificial limbs a) Electrical tongue b) Electrical nose c) Bioprinting d) Bioremediation
Answer: a) Analyze smells in food and beverages Answer: b) Electrical nose
Explanation: The electrical nose is a device designed to detect and analyze odors, Explanation: The electrical nose is designed to detect and analyze volatile compounds,
commonly used in the food industry simulating the sense of smell.
12. What is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in disease diagnosis? 17. DNA origami in bioengineering can be applied to create:
a) It performs surgical operations a) Nanostructures for drug delivery b) Artificial skin
b) It analyzes complex biological data for early disease detection c) Biodegradable plastics d) Prosthetic limbs
c) It creates genetic mutations
d) It filters toxins from the blood Answer: a) Nanostructures for drug delivery
Explanation: DNA origami is used to create nanoscale structures that can be used in
Answer: b) It analyzes complex biological data for early disease detection targeted drug delivery systems
Explanation: AI is increasingly being used in healthcare to analyze diagnostic data and
detect diseases at early stages. 18. Bioremediation in bioengineering refers to:

13. Which bioengineering technology is used to print living tissues and organs? a) The use of plants to purify water
b) The use of living organisms to degrade environmental pollutants
a) Bioprinting b) Bioremediation c) Artificial intelligence d) DNA origami c) The creation of biofuels
d) The recycling of waste materials
Answer: a) Bioprinting
Explanation: Bioprinting uses 3D printing technologies to print living tissues and organs, Answer: b) The use of living organisms to degrade environmental pollutants
a major advancement in regenerative medicine Explanation: Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to break down pollutants and
restore ecological balance
14. What is the main benefit of using scaffolds in tissue engineering?
19. Which of the following is NOT an application of bioprinting?
a) To support tissue regeneration and growth b) To clean the air
c) To synthesize proteins d) To stabilize artificial organs a) Creating artificial tissues b) Printing organs for transplantation
c) Manufacturing prosthetic limbs d) Recycling plastic waste
Answer: a) To support tissue regeneration and growth
Explanation: Scaffolds provide the necessary structural support for cells to grow and Answer: d) Recycling plastic waste
regenerate tissue in the laboratory or in vivo Explanation: Bioprinting is focused on printing biological tissues and organs, not on
recycling plastic wast
15. Which bioengineering trend involves the use of bacteria to fix cracks in concrete?
20. Which bioengineering application uses artificial intelligence to improve accuracy
a) Bioimaging b) Bioremediation c) Bioconcrete d) Bioprinting in medical imaging?
Answer: c) Bioconcrete a) MRI b) X-ray c) AI-assisted imaging software d) Bioconcrete
Explanation: Bioconcrete uses bacteria to self-heal cracks in concrete, providing
sustainable solutions for infrastructure. Answer: c) AI-assisted imaging software
Explanation: AI-assisted imaging software improves the accuracy of medical imaging
technologies such as MRI and CT scans.

Dr. Sujay S Huligere, Dept. of ISE, MITM

 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

21. What is one of the key benefits of using AI in bioengineering for disease 26. In tissue engineering, scaffolds are primarily used to:
diagnosis?
a) Provide structural support for cell growth b) Regulate the immune system
a) Enhancing tissue regeneration b) Automating surgical procedures c) Deliver drugs d) Prevent cell death
c) Analyzing large datasets for patterns in disease progression d) Producing biofuels
Answer: a) Provide structural support for cell growth
Answer: c) Analyzing large datasets for patterns in disease progression Explanation: Scaffolds provide a 3D framework for cells to grow and form tissues in lab
Explanation: AI can process large amounts of medical data to detect disease patterns, environments or in patients
improving early diagnosis and treatment
27. The primary application of bioremediation is in:
22. Which of the following techniques is used in bioengineering to improve the
functionality of prosthetic limbs? a) Wastewater treatment b) DNA sequencing
c) Artificial organ production d) Food preservation
a) Electrical tongue b) DNA origami c) Bioprinting d) AI for pattern recognition
Answer: a) Wastewater treatment
Answer: c) Bioprinting Explanation: Bioremediation is used in wastewater treatment to break down pollutants
Explanation: Bioprinting is used to create customized prosthetics and enhance their and restore water quality using biological processes
functionality with biologically compatible materials
28. Which of the following trends in bioengineering focuses on creating sustainable
23. The concept of bioprinting is used to: materials that mimic nature?
a) Create food products b) 3D print biological tissues and organs a) Bioconcrete b) Biodegradable plastics c) Artificial intelligence d) DNA origami
c) Synthesize proteins for medical use d) Remove pollutants from the environment
Answer: b) Biodegradable plastics
Answer: b) 3D print biological tissues and organs Explanation: Bioengineering focuses on creating biodegradable plastics inspired by
Explanation: Bioprinting allows for the creation of living tissues and organs for medical natural materials to reduce environmental pollution
applications, such as transplantation or drug testing
29. Artificial intelligence in bioengineering is applied to:
24. Which technology is used to improve the sustainability of construction materials
by self-repairing damage? a) Regulate blood pressure b) Predict and diagnose diseases
c) Conduct surgeries d) Synthesize genetic material
a) Bioremediation b) Bioconcrete c) DNA origami d) Electrical nose
Answer: b) Predict and diagnose diseases
Answer: b) Bioconcrete Explanation: AI is used in bioengineering for predictive modeling, helping doctors to
Explanation: Bioconcrete is designed to self-repair cracks and improve the durability of diagnose diseases based on large datasets
concrete structures using bacteria
25. Which bioengineering technology is being applied in the field of renewable 30. In the context of tissue engineering, what role does bioprinting play?
energy?
a) Producing cell culture systems b) Printing human tissues and organs
a) Bioprinting b) Bioremediation c) Artificial photosynthesis d) Electrical tongue c) Regenerating bones d) Creating artificial blood
Answer: c) Artificial photosynthesis Answer: b) Printing human tissues and organs
Explanation: Artificial photosynthesis is a technology aimed at converting sunlight into Explanation: Bioprinting allows for the creation of human tissues and organs, providing a
usable energy, inspired by natural photosynthesis in plants. significant advancement in medical treatment and research.

Dr. Sujay S Huligere, Dept. of ISE, MITM

 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

31. Which of the following technologies is used in bioengineering to print living 36. Bioconcrete, a type of self-healing concrete, is inspired by which biological
tissues? process?
a) 3D Bioprinting b) Genetic Engineering c) Nanotechnology d) PCR a) Photosynthesis b) Blood clotting c) DNA replication d) Muscle contraction
Answer: a) 3D Bioprinting Answer: b) Blood clotting
Explanation: 3D bioprinting allows for the creation of living tissues by printing layers of Explanation: Bioconcrete uses bacteria that “heal” cracks in the material, mimicking the
cells to form tissue-like structures biological process of blood clotting to repair wounds
32. Bioprinting is most likely to be used in bioengineering for: 37. What is one of the main benefits of using AI in bioengineering for disease
diagnosis?
a) Creating high-strength materials b) Growing human tissues and organs
c) Recycling materials d) Water purification a) Reducing human error in diagnostics b) Producing human tissue samples
c) Enhancing drug delivery d) Recycling biological materials
Answer: b) Growing human tissues and organs
Explanation: Bioprinting has the potential to create tissues and organs for transplantation, Answer: a) Reducing human error in diagnostics
eliminating the need for donors Explanation: AI can help reduce diagnostic errors by analyzing data faster and more
accurately than humans, leading to better healthcare outcomes
33. What is a primary application of scaffolds in bioengineering?
38. The use of bioremediation in bioengineering refers to:
a) DNA replication b) Tissue regeneration
c) Biodegradable plastic production d) Energy storage a) The production of biodegradable materials
b) The use of biological organisms to clean up pollutants
Answer: b) Tissue regeneration c) The synthesis of drugs from microorganisms
Explanation: Scaffolds provide a structure for cells to grow on and regenerate damaged d) The generation of bioelectricity
tissues in tissue engineering.
Answer: b) The use of biological organisms to clean up pollutants
34. What is the purpose of DNA origami in bioengineering?
Explanation: Bioremediation uses microorganisms, plants, or other organisms to remove
a) Create functional proteins b) Design nanoscale structures for drug delivery or neutralize environmental contaminants
c) Repair damaged tissues d) Synthesize biofuels 39. Bioimaging in bioengineering is mainly used for:
Answer: b) Design nanoscale structures for drug delivery a) Predicting weather patterns
Explanation: DNA origami involves folding DNA molecules into specific shapes, useful b) Capturing images of the body's internal structures for medical diagnosis
for targeted drug delivery at the nanoscale c) Manufacturing prosthetics
35. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in bioengineering is primarily used: d) Sensing environmental changes

a) Enhancing mechanical properties of materials Answer: b) Capturing images of the body's internal structures for medical diagnosis
b) Analyzing large biological datasets for disease prediction Explanation: Bioimaging technologies like MRI and CT scans help in visualizing internal
c) Synthesis of biomolecules structures of the body for diagnostic purposes
d) Manufacturing prosthetics
Answer: b) Analyzing large biological datasets for disease prediction
Explanation: AI is used to process and analyze complex biological data to predict
diseases and personalize treatments

Dr. Sujay S Huligere, Dept. of ISE, MITM

 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

40. Bioprinting's role in medical research is most closely related to: 45. What is one of the main benefits of using bioconcrete in construction?
a) Testing new drugs on human tissue models b) Creating prosthetic devices a) Reduces the cost of building materials b) It self-repairs cracks over time
c) Developing energy-efficient systems d) Designing robotic surgery tools c) It is highly resistant to all weather conditions d) It generates energy
Answer: a) Testing new drugs on human tissue models Answer: b) It self-repairs cracks over time
Explanation: Bioprinting allows researchers to create human tissue models for testing Explanation: Bioconcrete contains bacteria that activate and repair cracks, enhancing the
drugs and studying diseases durability and longevity of concrete structures
41. Which of the following is an example of bioengineering in renewable energy? 46. What is a key feature of scaffolds in tissue engineering?
a) Artificial photosynthesis b) Bioremediation a) They provide nutrients to cells b) They support cell growth and tissue regeneration
c) 3D bioprinting of organs d) Artificial heart development c) They synthesize proteins d) They remove waste from cells
Answer: a) Artificial photosynthesis Answer: b) They support cell growth and tissue regeneration
Explanation: Artificial photosynthesis mimics natural photosynthesis to convert sunlight Explanation: Scaffolds serve as a framework for cells to grow on, facilitating tissue
into energy, contributing to renewable energy technologies formation and regeneration in lab environments or patients
42. The concept of biocomputing in bioengineering refers to: 47. The development of bioprinting technologies allows for:
a) Using biological molecules to perform computations a) The direct production of energy-efficient devices
b) The development of computers that mimic the human brain b) The creation of living tissues and organs
c) Designing machines that can replicate DNA c) The manufacturing of biodegradable plastics
d) Building computers powered by solar energy d) The treatment of water with microorganisms
Answer: a) Using biological molecules to perform computations Answer: b) The creation of living tissues and organs
Explanation: Biocomputing utilizes biological molecules, such as DNA, to perform Explanation: Bioprinting allows researchers to create living tissues and potentially
computational tasks, offering potential for highly efficient data processing organs, advancing regenerative medicine and transplantation
43. The "electrical tongue" in bioengineering is primarily used for: 48. What bioengineering technology is primarily used to predict disease outbreaks?
a) Analyzing the chemical composition of food b) Detecting allergens in food a) Bioremediation b) Bioimaging c) Artificial intelligence (AI) d) DNA sequencing
c) Measuring pH levels in biological samples d) Improving taste perception in food
Answer: c) Artificial intelligence (AI)
Answer: a) Analyzing the chemical composition of food Explanation: AI is used to analyze large data sets from medical records, genetic
Explanation: The electrical tongue is a biosensor that mimics the human taste system, information, and environmental factors to predict disease outbreaks and trend
used to analyze and measure the chemical composition of food and beverages
49. Which of the following is a key application of tissue engineering in
44. Bioremediation is a process primarily used to: bioengineering?
a) Create biofuels b) Break down environmental pollutants a) Creating renewable energy systems b) Growing tissues for organ transplantation
c) Regenerate human tissues d) Synthesize pharmaceuticals c) Developing self-healing materials d) Designing water purification systems
Answer: b) Break down environmental pollutants Answer: b) Growing tissues for organ transplantation
Explanation: Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms or plants to degrade and remove Explanation: Tissue engineering is used to grow tissues and organs for transplantation,
environmental pollutants, such as oil spills or toxic chemicals. helping address organ shortages.

Dr. Sujay S Huligere, Dept. of ISE, MITM

 MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE - BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (M23BCS301/401)

50. The electrical nose in bioengineering can be used for:

a) Enhancing food flavors b) Detecting environmental pollutants
c) Developing high-strength materials d) Generating energy
Answer: b) Detecting environmental pollutants
Explanation: The electrical nose mimics the sense of smell and is used for detecting
volatile compounds, such as pollutants in the environment.

Dr. Sujay S Huligere, Dept. of ISE, MITM