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Gears

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10 views

Gears

Uploaded by

mjdy37582
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫‪Gears‬‬

‫االسم ‪:‬عبدالرحمن مجدي ابراهيم ابراهيم‬


‫الرقم الجامعي‪221903042 :‬‬
Introduction
Gears are toothed, mechanical transmission elements used to
transfer motion and power between machine components, and
in this article, we discuss the different types of gears available
and how gears work. Operating in mated pairs, gears mesh
their teeth with the teeth of another corresponding gear or
toothed component, which prevents slippage during the
transmission process. Each gear or toothed component is
.attached to a machine shaft or base component

Types of gears
Spur gears transmit power through shafts that are parallel. The
teeth of the spur gears are parallel to the shaft axis. This causes
the gears to produce radial reaction loads on the shaft but not
axial loads. Spur gears tend to be noisier than helical gears
because they operate with a single line of contact between
teeth. While the teeth are rolling through the mesh, they roll
off of contact with one tooth and accelerate to contact with the
next tooth. This is different than helical gears, which have more
.than one tooth in contact and transmit torque more smoothly

Helical Gear
Helical gears have teeth
that are oriented at an
angle to the shaft, unlike
spur gears, which are
parallel. This causes more than one
tooth to be in contact during operation, and helical gears can
carry more load than spur gears. Due to the load sharing
between teeth, this arrangement also allows helical gears to
operate smoother and quieter than spur gears. Helical gears
produce a thrust load during operation, which needs to be
considered when they are used. Most enclosed gear drives use
hydraulic

rack and pinion


rack and pinion, a mechanical device consisting of a bar of
rectangular cross section (the rack) with teeth on one side that
mesh with teeth on a small gear (the pinion). The pinion may
have straight teeth, as in the figure, or helical (twisted) teeth
that mesh with teeth on the rack that are inclined to the
pinion-shaft axis

Bevel Gear
Bevel gears are cone-shaped gears with teeth placed along the
conical surface. These gears are used to transmit motion and
power between intersecting shafts in applications that require
changes to the axis of rotation. Typically, bevel gears are
employed for shaft configurations placed at 90-degree angles,
but configurations with lesser or greater angles are also
.manageable

Worm gear
A worm gear is a gear consisting of a shaft with a spiral thread
that engages with and drives a toothed wheel. Worm gears are
an old style of gear and a version of one of the six simple
machines. Basically, a worm gear is a screw butted up against
what looks like a standard spur gear with slightly angled and
curved teeth.

It changes the rotational movement by 90


degrees, and the plane of movement also
changes due to the position of the worm
on the worm wheel (or simply "the
wheel"). They are typically comprised of a
steel worm and a brass wheel.

Gear Selection Considerations


Gears are employed in a variety of mechanical devices, and,
consequently, several different types and designs are available.
The suitability of each type of gear and its exact design for a
motion or power transmission application is dependent on the
specifications and requirements of the application. Some of the
principal factors which may be considered when designing and
choosing a gear include:

 Operational and environmental conditions


 Dimensional restrictions
 Transmission requirements
 Design standards
 Costs

Operational and environmental conditions


The ideal kind and design of gear are greatly influenced by the
operational and environmental factors of the gear application
since these factors might have an impact on the gear's
longevity and performance. Weight applied, noise and vibration
produced, friction, and stress exerted on the teeth are some
operational factors that may impact a gear. Environmental
factors that may affect a gear include temperature, humidity,
sanitization, and cleanliness. These circumstances affect a
number of gear design elements, including the material of
construction, surface treatments, lubricant type, and
lubrication technique.

Dimensional restrictions
The dimensional requirements—that is, the physical space—of
the mechanical device, in addition to the operating and
environmental circumstances of the application, place
restrictions on gears and their designs.

For instance, the centre distances between machine shafts are


often taken into account while mating gears. However, some
applications could call for a profile shift, or a departure from
the typical tooth profile, in order to better suit the centre
distances within the constraints of the mechanical gear system
or machine. When a tooth's profile deviates from the norm, its
thickness is often changed—either higher or lower. The centre
distance and tooth strength of the gear are both altered by this
modification.

Utilising gear types and designs that are better suited for
applications with limited or restricted space is one way to
manage dimensional limits. Hypoid gears enable components
to be positioned lower inside the machine or system, allowing
for greater room above. For instance, internal-external gear
pairs enable the gears and their shaft or base components to
be positioned closer together than external-only gear pairs.

Transmission requirement
Gears are used to transfer motion and torque between
machine components in mechanical devices. The specifications
and requirements of the applications influence the required
and optimal gear type, design, and configuration. A change in
direction can refer to a change in the direction of rotation or a
change in the axis of motion. Changes in speed or torque can
be affected by the gear ratio, which is the ratio of the output to
the input.

Design standard
Gears come in a huge range of parameters. But regrettably,
there aren't any global industry standards that specify how
gear should be created. Instead of those machines and systems
being developed around a standard gear component, gears are
typically produced either to the standards specified by the
individual manufacturer or to suit the design and specifications
of a particular machine or system. In the first scenario, it is
more challenging to identify the ideal gear type and design for
a certain application among the standard parts offered by gear
manufacturers, but in the second scenario, it is more
challenging and expensive to get replacements for the
customised part.

Cost
The gear design, the construction material, the surface
treatments and finishes, the precision standards, the lubricant
and lubrication method, and other factors all affect how much
it costs to manufacture a custom gear. To determine the best
maintenance and replacement plan, industry professionals and
procurement agents must also take the strength and lifetime of
the unique equipment into account. While it is important to
choose a device that successfully satisfies the requirements of
the application, it is also crucial to consider the overall lifecycle
costs—that is, the costs associated with the device's
production, gear repair and maintenance, and replacement—in
order to assess whether the investment is worthwhile.
Standard, off-the-shelf equipment may provide the necessary
functionality for some applications at a significantly reduced
cost.

Summary
The two major uses of gears are to increase force or speed.
Compromises must be made in order to raise one of these. For
instance, more effort needs to be exerted on the pedals to raise
the speed of a bicycle's wheels. Similar to this, the pedals must
be turned more quickly to increase the force on the wheels.

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