APUSH Period 4 Review

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1. Louisiana Pur- 1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France.

chase Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

2. Lewis and Clark Jefferson sent them out to explore the newly acquired
Expedition Louisiana Territory; the explored as far west as the Pacific
Ocean (guide Sacagewa)

3. Marbury v. Madi- This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judi-
son cial Review

4. Judicial Review Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

5. Aaron Burr served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States.
Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate
during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press,
often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a
duel in 1804 and killed him.

6. Embargo Act Act passed by Congress forbidding the exportation of

1807 American goods. Originally aimed to hurt Britain and
Frances' economies, however ended up hurting the U.S.'s
more. It was repealed in March 1809.

7. Non intercourse Created by Madison provided Americans could trade with

Act 1809 all nations except Britain and France

8. War of 1812 A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by Amer-
ican outrage over the impressment of American sailors
by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and
British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the
western frontier.
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9. impressment British practice of taking American sailors and forcing

them into military service

10. Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored
the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in
the war was returned to the original owner. It also set
up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S.
border.

11. Hartford Conven- Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812
tion in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling
Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as
traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much
influence

12. Tecumseh a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian
tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)

13. William Henry (1841), was an American military leader, politician, the
Harrison ninth President of the United States, and the first President
to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional
crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about pres-
idential succession left unanswered by the Constitution
until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in
the Battle of Tippecanoe.

14. Battle of Tippeca- Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecum-
noe seh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settle-
ment in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison.
Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to
the War of 1812.

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15. Old Ironsides The nickname for the U.S. warship, Constitution who raied
American morale by defeating and sinking a British ship
off the coast of Nova Scotia.

16. Andrew Jackson (1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullifi-
cation crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western presi-
dent," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils
system, specie circular, trail of tears.

17. Battle of New Or- Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops
leans attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815;
the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the
Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet
reached the U.S.

18. Francis Scott wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Key

19. Era of Good Feel- A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of
ings strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial ex-
pansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War
of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan
conflicts.

20. James Monroe (1817-1821) and (1821-1825) The Missouri Compro-

mise in 1821., the fifth President of the United States
(1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acqui-
sition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820),
in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the
profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S.
opposition to European interference in the Americas

21. Henry Clay Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for presi-
dent five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong
supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War
of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and
known as "The Great Compromiser." (responsible for the
Missouri Compromise). Outlined the Compromise of 1850
with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

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 APUSH Period 4 Review
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22. American Sys- Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that includ-
tem ed support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal
improvements; emphasized strong role for federal govern-
ment in the economy.

23. Whig Party An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose
President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for
protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for in-
ternal improvements

24. Democratic Re- Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have
publican Party political power, favored strong STATE governments, em-
phasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitu-
tion, pro-French, opposed National Bank

25. Fletcher v. Peck Supreme Court case which protected property rights and
asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with
the Constitution

26. McCulloch v. Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme
Maryland Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state
law

27. Gibbons v. Og- Commerce clause case (1824). Decision greatly enlarged
den Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly
defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all
types of economic activity.

28. Missouri Com- "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Mis-
promise souri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state
and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of
the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave
states.

29. Adams-Onis Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the

Treaty United States
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30. Cotton Gin A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, in-
vented by Eli Whitney in 1793

31. Market Revolu- Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), commu-

tion nication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in
factories as opposed to houses)

32. Erie Canal In NY in 1825 linked the economies of western farms and
eastern cities. Stimulated economic growth, lowered food
prices in the East

33. sectionalism Different parts of the country developing unique and sep-
arate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can
lead to conflict.

34. 2nd Bank of the The 2nd B.U.S. was a federal establishment operated by
United States the government as an attempt to save the welfare of the
economy after the War of 1812. It was part of Henry Clay's
American System and forced state banks to call in their
loans which led to foreclosures and the Panic of 1819.

35. Cumberland Gap natural pass in Appalachian mountains that allowed set-
tlers to travel west

36. Lowell Mill it was a weaving mill opened where new technology and
methods were used that employ mostly young women in
the early 19th century
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37. nativist a person who favors those born in his country and is
opposed to immigrants

38. King Cotton Expression used by Southern authors and orators before
Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern
cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton.
Coined by James Hammond

39. Peculiar Institu- Widely used term for the institution of American slavery
tion in the South. Its use in the first half of the 19th century
reflected a growing division between the North, where
slavery was gradually abolished, and the South, where
slavery became increasingly entrenched.

40. Know-Nothing Secret Nativist political party that opposed Immigration

Party during the 1840's and early 1850's. Officially called the
American Party

41. Indian Removal (1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law per-
mitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians'
lands in exchange for their relocation to what would be-
come Oklahoma.

42. Tammany Hall a political organization within the Democratic Party in New
York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political
control by corruption and bossism

43. Nat Turner Rebel- Nat Turner, and overseer, minister, and slave, had a divine
lion call and revolted, killing families of masters and 35 more
whites, Turner and 16 others slaves were hanged; results:
stricter laws, creative ways to defend slavery, new period
of abolition

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 APUSH Period 4 Review
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44. slave codes In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. It denied slaves basic
fundamental rights, and gave their owners permission to
treat them as they saw fit.

45. Cyrus Mc- Invented the mechanical reaper

Cormick

46. Commonwealth (1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court estab-

v. Hunt lishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union
workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers.

47. Jacksonian A policy of spreading more political power to more people.

Democracy It was a "Common Man" theme.

48. Spoils System A system of public employment based on rewarding party

loyalists and friends.

49. Trail of Tears (1838-39) an 800-mile forced march made by the Chero-
kee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; re-
sulted in the deaths of almost one-fourth of the Cherokee
people

50. Tariff of Abomi- 1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on
nations imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the
North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was
economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because
it violated state's rights.

51. Nullification Cri- South was mad about the tariffs because it was hurting
sis their economy. John C. Calhoun supported States' Rights
and said they had a right to nullify a law. South Carolina
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passed the Nullification Act, and threatened to secede the
union. The tariff was lowered instead of fighting a war.

52. Pet Banks State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits re-
moved from the federal National Bank.

53. Species Circular A United States executive order that was issued by Pres-
ident Andrew Jackson in 1836. This required that govern-
ment land be paid for in gold and silver.

54. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by
doing so maintained support of the south for the Democ-
ratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds
for the national debt.

55. 2nd Great Awak- Series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on
ening methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation
through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attract-
ed women, African Americans,and Native Americans

56. Mormon Migra- The Mormons moved west to escape religious persecu-
tion tion, they settled in Missouri and Illinois but were later per-
secuted by their neighbors ; decided to move Northwest
towards the Great Salt Lake.

57. Transcendental- Believed in Transcendentalism, they included Emerson

ists (who pioneered the movement) and Thoreau. Many of
them formed cooperative communities such as Brook
Farm and Fruitlands, in which they lived and farmed to-
gether with the philosophy as their guide. "They sympa-
thize with each other in the hope that the future will not
always be as the past." It was more literary than practical
- Brook Farm lasted only from 1841 to 1847.

58. Temperance (n) moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or oth-

er desires or pleasures; total abstinence from alcohol

59. Cult of Domestic- idealized view of women & home; women, self-less care-
ity giver for children, refuge for husbands

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60. Seneca Falls (1848) the first national women's rights convention at
Convention which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

61. Abolition The movement to make slavery and the slave trade illegal.
Begun by Quakers in England in the 1780s.

62. Horace Mann (AJ) , late 1830s, MA, United States educator who in-
troduced reforms that significantly altered the system of
public education (1796-1859)

63. Dorthea Dix Tireless reformer, who worked mightily to improve the
treatment of the mentally ill. Appointed superintendant of
women nurses for the Union forces.

64. William Lloyd 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist

Garrison and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist news-
paper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the
American Anti-Slavery Society.

65. Frederick Dou- (1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he es-

glass caped slavery and became a leading African American
spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded
the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.
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66. Antebellum Belonging to a period before a war especially the Ameri-

can Civil War

67. Grimke Sisters were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and

writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and
women's rights.

68. Lucretia Mott A Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840

and her party of women was not recognized. She and
Stanton called the first women's right convention in New
York in 1848

69. Elizabeth Cady A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton orga-

Stanton nized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia
Mott

70. Susan B. Antho-

ny
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social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the
temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the Na-
tional Woman Suffrage Assosiation

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