Geometry: Part 2

Module 5 Content Guide

Area of All Shapes

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, you will be able to do the following:
1. Calculate areas of regular n-gons given the length of one side.
2. Calculate the areas of regular n-gons given the length of the apothem.
3. Calculate areas of irregular polygons.
4. Understand and apply Cavalieri’s principle to 2-D objects.
5. Determine the area of a polygon given side lengths using Heron’s formula.
6. Find the area of objects in the coordinate plane.

Background Notes
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 5 Content Guide
Topic 5.1 Area of Regular Polygons
Fill in the blank:
With isosceles triangles, the height is drawn
from the vertex of the two congruent sides
and bisects both the and the base
angle
Calculate the area of an isosceles triangle with
congruent sides of 10 feet and meet the base
at 40 degrees.
Write which trigonometric relationship
I A bh
go.sn
you would use to find the following: Ef
The missing base: 1532
sinuo
I h

f L 201054
The height: 6.43 D
s
A regular polygon is a polygon where all sides and all angles are
congruent .
An isosceles triangle in
any regular polygon
has a central angle of
360 degrees.
goes
𝑛𝑠
180 : area of an 𝑛-sided regular polygon, given side length 𝑠
𝐴=
4 tan( )
𝑛
The apothem is the same as the heint of the isosceles triangles.
Write the formula of the area of regular 𝑛-gons using the apothem.
1
𝐴= a
2 p
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 5 Content Guide
Topic 5.2 Cavalieri’s Principle and Heron’s Formula
Fill in the blank:
Cavalieri’s Principle in 2D: d
If 2 or more objects have the same
height and the same width at every
point along that height, then they
have the same area . C

On the right, match the shapes

that have the same area according a
to Cavalieri’s Principle.

Heron’s Formula gives us a way to calculate the

area of any triangle given just its side lenghts .
Given side lengths 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 of any triangle, the area of that
triangle is given by 𝐴 = 𝑠 × (𝑠 − 𝑎) × (𝑠 − 𝑏) × (𝑠 − 𝑐)
where the semi perimeter 𝑠 = .
Find the area of a triangle with side lengths 7, 10, and 5.
𝑠= 11
𝐴= b
16.25 10 222 11
71 C
1 1 51 111101 11 7 A
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 5 Content Guide
Topic 5.3 Areas of Irregular Polygons
Fill in the blank:
For every 𝑛-sided convex polygon, we can create 𝑛 − 2 triangles,
each of which contain 180 degrees.
What is the interior measure of each angle in a regular hexagon?

120 degrees

The most common approach to find the areas of irregular polygons is

to split the shape into more common shapes , calculate the simpler areas,
and then add them all together.

We can calculate the area of polygons using the idea of triangulation ,

or splitting the area into triangles.
575
Fa
Then calculate each triangular area
using 38.01 ‘s formula. 526
11.4712.5
14.04
255
s
1.7 38.01
s
To find the area of polygons by subtracting areas, create a rectangle
that encapsulates the polygon. The result creates a few right triangles
that we can quickly find the area of.
Write the area for the rectangle and
subtract the area of each triangle.
𝐴 = 1315 − 4214113 − 4121151 − 8113 − 14112

𝐴 = 38 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 5 Content Guide
Topic 5.4 Perimeters and Areas of Similar Shapes
Fill in the blank:
The ratio of sides of two similar polygons is exactly the same as the
ratio of their perimeters .
The two shapes to the right 30
are similar. The perimeter of
the first is 18.

Fill in the blank with the

perimeter of the second
triangle. 36
A common ratio scale used in house plan drawings is 1: 50. If a
drawing has the length of a room at 60 mm, how long is the room
length going to be when built? Convert your results to feet, rounded
to the nearest tenth.
feet
3000
9.8 mm

9.8ft
For any two similar polygons with side ratios of 𝑎: 𝑏, the ratio of their
areas will be : .
22 62
A picture is enlarged so that the ratio of the lengths of the side
I of the
enlarged picture to the original is 8: 5. The area of the original picture
is 35 in2 . What is the area of the enlarged picture?
89.6 in too 000

89.6in2
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 5 Content Guide

Math Masters Challenge

A challenge I faced was that I couldn’t understand how to nd the area of irregular polygons and the reason it
was struggling was because I was just copying the notes and not understanding the concepts. So to overcome this
challenge I went back to the lesson and read it until I could fully understand what it said.
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide
Area of Circles

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, you will be able to do the following:
1. Understand where the area formula of a circle comes from.
2. Accurately calculate the area of a circle, both exactly and approximately.
3. Compute the area of shaded regions created by circles and polygons.
4. Determine the area of objects created from circles, sectors, and polygons.
5. Understand and use the relationship between the ratio of two different circles’
diameters and the ratio of their areas

Background Notes
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide
Topic 6.1 Area of Circles
Fill in the blank:
The formula for the area of a circle is 𝐴 = 𝜋 2
.
r
MOD Pizza offers a mini 6 inch diameter
pizza and a mod 11 inch diameter pizza.

Which option will offer the children

more pizza in terms of area: an
individual mini per child (so, 2 mini
pizzas) or one shared mod pizza? 11 2
Area of the mod: 9503 Area of the 2 minis: 56.55 612 3
30.25T 187T
We can find the area of a shaded region by first finding the area of the
larger Object and then subtracting the area of the embedded
figures.
Circular tiles with a diameter of 4” are being used to cover the top of a
table that measures 36” by 24”. Fill in the blanks using the image below.

Area of the shaded region

= area of the 864
− area of the 961
47 24
A= 562.41in
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide
Topic 6.2 Area of a Sector
Fill in the blank:
In general, when a circle is cut into a known number of equal slices,
we can find the area of the entire circle and divide it by the number
of equal pieces to get the area of One piece .
Label each pizza with the area of its one piece.

10
6 14
4

5.0625in
64in
4.91in
4.5771in

A sector of a circle is the region bound by two radii and the

intercepted are . The ratio of the area of the sector A to the entire
area of the circle is the same as the ratio of the central angle
to the entire circle.
𝜃
Area of sectors (in degrees): 𝐴 = I 𝑟
360
Area of sectors (in radians): 𝐴 = 𝜃 𝑟

2
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide
Topic 6.3 Proofs About Areas of Circles
Fill in the blank:
Refer to the circles to fill in the blanks.

Length ratio: 2 Area ratio: 4

3 9
In general, the ratio of the radii in two
22 .
circles is , then the ratio of their areas is
15

An area with high density has more

things per square unit, while a lower
density has fewer things per square
unit.
Quantity
Density =

iÉ
area
10698 1069812916
1s.ge
2
Manhattan in New York City, NY, USA is one of the most populated
03 p

areas in the United States. In the 2020 census, the population of

Manhattan was 1,694,263. Manhattan’s area is 22.7 square miles.

What is the population density of Manhattan, rounded to the nearest

person?

74637 people per square mile

 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide
Topic 6.4 Area of Combinations of Shapes
Fill in the blank:
A heart shape is made by stacking an isosceles triangle on top of a
right isosceles triangle and adding two semi-circles, as shown below.
Area of the heart = area of right
isosceles + area of isosceles +
area of the semi-circles

The missing height can be found

using right triangle trig or the
Pythagorean theorem .
Area of the heart = 3875 𝑖𝑛

A stained glass window in the shape of a semi-circle cut into 4

congruent wedges as pictured below is being created for over a door.
The diameter of the window is 4 ft. The inner circle has a diameter of
2 feet.
The shaded area = area of the larger
sector – area of the small sector

The semi-circle is divided into 4 equal

sectors, so we can deduce the central
angle of the sector is
45 degrees.

The shaded area = 1 𝑓𝑡

18
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 6 Content Guide

Math Masters Challenge

One challenge I had was knowing the difference of the area of sectors in radians and degrees but to overcome this challenge I
watched a video that explained the difference.
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 7 Content Guide
Title

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, you will be able to do the following:
1. Identify different types of 3-dimensional objects.
2. Calculate the volume of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres.
3. Apply Cavalieri’s principle in 3D to calculate volumes.
4. Compute the density given a mass and volume.
5. Use density properties to estimate totals.
6. Use geometric shapes to model and estimate volumes.

Background Notes
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 7 Content Guide
Topic 7.1 Solid Types, Volume of Prisms, Volume of Cylinders
Fill in the blank:
A polyhedron is a solid that encloses a region with Polygons .
A prism consists of two parallel congruent polygonal faces known
as bases with parallelogram sides separating the two faces.
A cylinder consists of two parallel congruent circles connected by
one curved side.
A pyramid has a polygon base with triangular faces all meeting at
one vertex known as the apex .
A cone is a solid with a circular base and one curved side that has
a vertex in a different plane.
A sphere is an object consisting of all points in space that are within
the same distance from a singular point known as the center .
The volume of an object is the amount of space the object takes up.
Units of volume are often cubed (length, height, and depth/width).
The volume of any prism is 𝑉 = ℎ ea 1b n

Write the formulas you would

use to find the volume of the
cube and the cylinder.
Cube: L W ℎ

Cylinder: K 𝑟 h
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 7 Content Guide
Topic 7.2 Volumes of Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres
Fill in the blank:
I
The volume of a pyramid is 𝑉 = 𝐴 × ℎ.
3
When calculating the volume of a pyramid with a
height of 9 𝑐𝑚 and an equilateral triangle base
with side lengths of 10 𝑐𝑚, the 𝐴 in the equation
represents the area of the base .
The ℎ is the perpendicular distance between the apex and the base.
A
15 8 9 A01 2503

The volume of a cone is 𝑉 = × Ti × 𝑟 × ℎ. IE

When asked to find the volume of rainwater in a
conical gauge when it’s only halfway full (10 𝑐𝑚),
you would need to recalculate the radius .
5020
2.510 65'45
4 4
The volume of a sphere with radius r is 𝑉 = ×𝜋×𝑟 .
3

When a cylindrical clay piece with

diameter 1 inch and length 4 inches
is reformed into a sphere, first
calculate the value of the clay in the
Cylinder . Then solve for the radius.
Tx 0512 4
3.14in 3.14 r P
 F

Geometry: Part 2
Module 7 Content Guide
Topic 7.3 Cavalieri’s Principle
Fill in the blank:
Finding the volumes of oblique solids is very similar to finding the
volumes of their right counterparts. The formulas are all the same !
The biggest difference is that sometimes we must use alternative
methods to measure the height .

A cylinder with a 60 degree lean has a

side length of 10 𝑐𝑚 and a radius
of 2 𝑐𝑚. sin60
Before calculating the volume, you 105in609
would need to find the height using 553
right triangle trig . 71.23503
108.83cm
Cavalieri’s Principle in 3-Dimensions: If two solids have the same
height and the same area at every parallel slice along that height,
then they have the same Volume .

The top of a witch’s hat has a

base radius of 9 𝑐𝑚 and a height
of 30 𝑐𝑚. The area at every point
along the height is the same as a
cone with the same dimensions.
The formula would be the same
as the formula for the volume of
a cone .
254469 cm
 Geometry: Part 2
Module 7 Content Guide
Topic 7.4 Density, Modeling, and Estimates with Volume
Fill in the blank:
In three dimensions, density is the ratio of
how much quantity of something there is 𝑑 = or 𝑚 = 𝑑 𝑣
in an object (known as Mass ) to the volume
the object occupies. 10.49 187627

High density will have more items per cubed unit while lower density
has fewer items per cubed unit.

Liquids will orient themselves according to their densities, least to

greatest. The least dense will float on top. This is known as a
liquid layer density stack .

We can use common shapes and our understanding of those common

shapes to help estimate volumes of real structures.

Write the 3D shape that best matches each object below.

cylinder rectangularprism cylinder sphere

 Geometry: Part 2
Module # Content Guide

Math Masters Challenge

One thing I found challenging in this module was nding the volume of slanted objects. But I overcame it by trial and error and
learning what do by my mistakes in the assignments.