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Hydroelectric Power: Antonette B. Capara Bsee 4 - 1

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Hydroelectric Power: Antonette B. Capara Bsee 4 - 1

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Uploaded by

Antonette Capara
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© © All Rights Reserved
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HYDROELECTRIC

POWER
ANTONETTE B. CAPARA
BSEE 4 - 1
Table of Introduction

Contents Hydropower systems


Types of Hydropower plants
Types of Turbines
Potential and Kinetic Energy in Water Flow
Introduction
Hydroelectric power systems
convert the kinetic energy in
flowing water into electric
energy.
Falling or flowing water turns
a propeller-like piece called a
turbine.
The turbine turns a metal
shaft in an electric generator
which produces electricity.
How does a
hydroelectric Flowing water is directed toa.
turbine.
power system The flowing water causes the
turbine to rotate, converting the
work? water’s kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.
The mechanical energy produced
by the turbine is converted into
electric energy using a turbine
generator.
Inside a generator, the shaft of the
turbine spins a magnet inside coils
of copper wire.
TYPES OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS

IMPOUNDMENT DIVERSION PUMPED STORAGE


An impoundment facility, Sometimes called a “run-of- Pumped storage works like a
typically a large hydropower river” facility, channels a portion giant battery. These facilities
system, uses a dam to store of a river through a canal store energy by pumping water
river water in a reservoir. and/or a penstock to utilize the from a reservoir at a lower
natural decline of the river bed elevation to a reservoir at a
elevation to produce energy. higher elevation.
TYPES OF
TURBINES
FRANCIS TURBINE
They are radial-flow turbines, which means
the water flow is inwards towards the
center, and modern turbines can achieve
efficiencies as high as 95% – but only
under optimum conditions

AXIAL-FLOW TURBINE
Sweep their blades through the entire
area which the water enters, and are
therefore suitable for very large volume
flows and have become usual where the
head is only a few meters.
PELTON WHEEL
It is an impulse turbine, operating in air at
normal atmospheric pressure, and is basically
a wheel with a set of double cups or ‘buckets’
mounted around the rim. The water passes
around the curved bowls, and under
optimum conditions gives up almost all its
kinetic energy.

TURGO TURBINE
A variant on the Pelton wheel, where the
double cups are replaced by single,
shallower ones, with the water entering on
one side and leaving on the other.
KAPLAN TURBINE
A propeller with adjustable blades inside a
tube. It is an axial-flow turbine, which means
that the flow direction does not change as it
crosses the rotor.

CROSS-FLOW TURBINE
The water enters as a flat sheet rather than
a round jet. It is guided on to the blades,
travels across the turbine and meets the
blades a second time as it leaves.
ENERGY FROM WATER
The energy from water can be harnessed to be useful in a variety of
different ways through water wheels or in hydroelectricity
generating facilities. As water moves through some body, such as a
river, its potential and kinetic energy varies. Additionally, if the area
through which the water is moving changes in size the pressure can
also change. A device such as a turbine can harness the kinetic and
potential energy to be transformed into a type of useable energy,
such as electricity.
KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER
The kinetic energy of water is a result of the speed or flow rate of the
water. The relationship for the kinetic energy per unit volume of water is
thus proportional to its velocity and can be expressed as:
KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER
The power that can be harnessed from this kinetic energy can be
expressed as:
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER
The potential energy of water is the energy the water obtains as a result of being
at some elevation. Put simply, the head difference of water is what results in
potential energy. The relationship for the potential energy per unit volume of
water is thus proportional to its height and can be expressed as:
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER
The power that can be harnessed from this potential energy can be
expressed as:
REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydroelectric-power-
13443211/13443211#42
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?
id=73762§ion=8
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Energy_from_water
https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-plants

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