Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in

Chemistry (4CH1)
Paper 1CR
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) C Neutron 1
The only correct answer is C because the nucleus
contains protons and neutrons. Protons are
identified as the white dots

A is not correct because electrons occur in the

shells
B is not correct because a molecule is not a particle
found in the nucleus
D is not correct because the nucleus contains
protons and neutrons
(b) A Electron 1
The only correct answer is A because electrons have
a relative mass of 1/1836 compared to a proton or a
neutron

B is not correct because a neutron has a relative

mass of 1
C in not correct because the nucleus contains 4
protons and 5 neutrons
D is not correct because a proton has a relative
mass of 1

(c) C9 1
The only correct answer is C because the mass
number is the sum of the protons and neutrons

A is not correct because the atomic number is 4

B is not correct because 5 is the number of
neutrons
D is not correct because 13 is the total number of
protons, neutrons and electrons
(d) A4 1
The only correct answer is A because the atomic
number is equal to the number of protons which is 4

B is not correct because 5 is the number of

neutrons
C is not correct because 9 is the total number of
particles in the nucleus
D is not correct because 13 is the total number of
protons, neutrons and electrons
(e) (i) beryllium/Be 1

(ii) (positive) ion ALLOW ecf from the 1

element given in (e)(i)

ACCEPT any positive

beryllium ion (or other
ecf ion)

REJECT any negative

ion
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) Particles should be close together and should fill ALLOW particles filling 1
from the bottom of the box, some particles should the whole box
touch IGNORE the size of the
particles
REJECT a regular
arrangement

(ii) Gas ALLOW gaseous 1

(b) M1 (water evaporates) l to g ALLOW words for M1, 3

M2 and M3

M2 (crystals of iodine sublime) s to g

M3 (ice melts) s to l
(c) M1 (particles / molecules have) more energy ALLOW water has more 2
energy
ALLOW (particles /
molecules have) move
faster
IGNORE vibrate more

M2 to overcome / break the forces (between ALLOW to overcome /

water molecules) break the bonds
(between water
molecules) OR
to break away from one
another OR so escape
more easily

IGNORE references to
collisions or activation
energy
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) Most Z2 ALLOW Z 1
Y2 Y
Least X2 X

ALLOW lower case

letters

IGNORE size of number

IGNORE any names

given

(b) bromine ALLOW bromine water 1

OR bromine solution /
Br / Br2

REJECT bromide
(c) (i) (Fluorine) gas / vapour 3

(chlorine) range between -150°C to 10°C inclusive

(Astatine) dark grey / black REJECT blue-black

(c) (ii) 1
C – the halogens have the same number
of outer shell electrons.

The only correct answer is C because the halogens

are in group 7 and have similar reactions because
they have the same number of electrons in their
outer shells.

A is not correct because the fact halogens are non-

metals does not make them react in a similar way.
B is not correct because the fact halogens are
molecules does not make them react in a similar
way.
D is not correct because elements in the same
period have different numbers of outer shell
electrons and react differently.
(d)(i) Chlorine is toxic / poisonous IGNORE harmful / 1
dangerous / irritant
IGNORE any reference
to products
(d)(ii) M1 FeCl3 ALLOW correct charges 2
on the ions
M2 2Fe + 3Cl2 →2FeCl3 REJECT incorrect
capitals
REJECT large or super-
script 3

M2 rest of the equation balanced ALLOW multiples or

fractions for M2

M2 dep on M1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) NH4+ ALLOW NH4+1 and NH41+ 1

(b) M1 add sodium hydroxide solution (and warm) 3

M2 (test the gas with damp) red litmus ALLOW (test the gas
with damp) universal
indicator

M3 turns blue If universal indicator is

used allow blue /
purple for M3

M3 dep on litmus or
universal indicator in
M2
OR

M2 expose the gas to concentrated hydrochloric

acid

M3 white smoke produced

If sodium hydroxide
solution is not added
max = 1
(c) (the reaction is) reversible ACCEPT reaction that 1
goes both ways / both
forwards and backwards
reactions occur
IGNORE references to
equilibrium
(d)(i) M1 (molecules / particles of) ammonia move / 2
diffuse faster

M2 because the ammonium chloride forms near(er) IGNORE references to

to the HCl OR because the ammonia has travelled the masses / sizes of
further (in the same time) the particles
(d)(ii) Any two from: 2

M1 (gas particles) move in random directions /

don’t travel in straight lines OWTTE

M2 (gas particles) collide with air / other particles ALLOW air / other
particles slow them
down
M3 (gas particles) collide with the walls / sides (of
the tube) OWTTE

IGNORE any references

to rate of reaction /
collisions
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) Results are the same at the end ALLOW there is a 1
constant volume in the
tube
ALLOW the volume of
gas stops decreasing
ALLOW no change after
4 / 5 minutes
IGNORE references to
time
REJECT the volume of
gas stops increasing

(b) (use a glass tube / scale with) smaller divisions. ALLOW use a glass tube 1
/ scale with 0.1cm3
divisions
ALLOW use a smaller
scale
IGNORE references to
repeating the
experiment
IGNORE references to
temperature
(c) M1 Volume of oxygen = 11.5(cm3) Correct answer to 1 dp 3
with or without working
scores 3

M2 (11.5 ÷ 48.5) x 100 ALLOW ecf from M1

M3 23.7% M3 must be to 1dp

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) magnesium is more reactive than copper ALLOW magnesium can 1
displace copper
ALLOW magnesium is
higher than copper in
the reactivity series
REJECT magnesium is
more reactive than
copper(II) or Cu2+ or
copper sulfate

(ii) magnesium sulfate + copper Both are required for 1

the mark. Either order.

REJECT copper(II)

IGNORE any chemical

formulae given

(b) (i) M1 Temperature rise = 36.1(°C) Correct answer with or 2

without working scores
2

M2 15 162J ALLOW ecf from M1

ALLOW 2 or more
significant figures
IGNORE negative sign

(ii) An explanation that links any two of the following 2

points

M1 polystyrene is an insulator ALLOW polystyrene is

not a (good) conductor
of heat
ALLOW polystyrene is a
poor conductor of heat

M2 (so) reduces heat loss (to the surroundings) ALLOW prevents heat
OWTTE loss
ALLOW keeps heat in

M3 temperature rise/change/reading will be closer ALLOW temperature

to true value OWTTE rise/change/reading
will be more
accurate/valid
(c)(i) M1 calculate the amount, in moles, of zinc 3

M2 divide Q by the amount in moles M2 subsumes M1

M3 give the answer to three significant figures with Correct answer of -217
a - sign with or without working
scores 3 marks.
Example calculation

M1 0.500 ÷ 65 OR 0.00769 Allow ECF throughout

M2 1.67 ÷ 0.00769 OR 217 (kJ/mol)

M3 -217 (kJ/mol)

OR

M1 1.67 ÷ 0.5 OR 3.34 kJ/g)

M2 3.34 × 65 OR 217 (kJ/mol)

M3 -217 (kJ/mol)

(c)(ii) M1 zinc is oxidised and Cu2+ is reduced ALLOW zinc is oxidised 3

and copper(sulfate) is
reduced in M1
ALLOW oxidation and
reduction occur

M2 Zinc loses electrons ALLOW references to

changes in oxidation
number for M2 and M3

M3 Cu2+ gains electrons Must mention copper

ions for M3
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) Measuring cylinder / burette / (volumetric) 1
pipette

(ii) Neutralisation ACCEPT exothermic 1

IGNORE base or alkali

(b) (i) 12.4 1

(ii) 15cm3 - red/orange 2

30cm3 - blue/purple

(iii) OH- / hydroxide (ion) REJECT OH 1

(c) M1 the reaction is exothermic (therefore the ALLOW the reaction 3

temperature rises) gives out heat (energy)
or thermal energy
IGNORE energy alone

M2 (after 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide) the reaction ALLOW (after 25cm3 of

is complete OWTTE sodium hydroxide)
neutralisation happens

M3 so adding more sodium hydroxide / liquid / ALLOW so no more heat

solution cools the mixture down (energy) or thermal
energy is given out
OWTTE
IGNORE energy alone
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) M1 calcium loses electrons IGNORE references to 3
redox
M2 chlorine gains electrons Allow 1 mark from M1
and M2 for electron
transfer from chlorine
to calcium

M3 two atoms of chlorine each gain one electron If chlorine molecules

are gaining electrons do
OR not award M3

M3 calcium loses 2 electrons and chlorine gains 1

electron

Any reference to
sharing electrons or
covalent or metallic
bonding scores 0

(b) (test for Ca2+ ions) 4

M1 flame test (allow description of a flame test)

M2 orange-red flame colour ALLOW brick-red

IGNORE orange / red
alone
M2 dep on M1

ALLOW M1 add sodium

hydroxide

ALLOW M2 (slight)
white precipitate
(reject precipitate
dissolves in excess
sodium hydroxide)

(test for Cl- ions)

M3 add silver nitrate IGNORE reference to

nitric acid
REJECT hydrochloric
acid or sulfuric acid

M4 white precipitate M4 dep on silver nitrate

in M3
(c)(i) M1 and M2 all points correct ± half a square One plotting error 3
scores M1
M3 2 straight lines of best fit ignoring the
anomalous point

(c) (ii) the conductivity is (directly) proportional (to the 1

number of spatulas of calcium chloride added)

OR

the conductivity increases (as the number of

spatulas of calcium chloride increases)

(iii) Any one from: 1

M1 The student took the reading before adding the

calcium chloride

M2 The student forgot to stir the mixture OR did

not stir the mixture properly

IGNORE any references

to human error
(d) M1 Heat (the calcium chloride) 2

M2 until molten / melts IGNORE references to

electrons / ions
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) M1 (Empirical formula) CH2 ALLOW sub and super 2
script numbers for M1
and M2
M2 (General formula) CnH2n ALLOW letters other
than n
ALLOW capital letters

(ii) Any two from: 2

M1 each member differs from the next by a CH2

group OWTTE

M2 (each member has) same functional group

M3 (each member has) similar/same chemical ACCEPT react in

properties / similar/same (chemical) reactions similar/same way

M4 trend in physical properties (between ACCEPT named

successive members) physical property,
e.g. boiling point

REJECT similar/same
physical properties

(b) (i) addition ALLOW additional 1

REJECT condensation

(ii) 2

M1 Single bond between the two carbons, 4

hydrogens joined by single bonds

M2 trailing bonds through the brackets and the n ALLOW n in any

to the right position outside the
bracket to the right of
the structure.
ALLOW capital N

(iii) Any 5 points from: If only advantages or 5

disadvantages given,
max 3 marks

M1 Poly(ethene) is cheaper than polymers from

corn starch
IGNORE durable
M2 Poly(ethene) is stronger than polymers from
corn starch

M3 Poly(ethene) frees up land to grow food crops

 M4 Poly(ethene) comes from (cracking of certain
fractions from) crude oil

M5 Poly(ethene) is non-renewable OR ethene is a

finite source

M6 Poly(ethene) is inert

M7 poly(ethene) is non-biodegradable

M8 poly(ethene) takes longer to decompose

M9 Disposal of poly(ethene) is a problem (in

landfill)

M10 Poly(ethene) causes problems with litter

M11 Burning poly(ethene) (could) create toxic

fumes / greenhouse gases

(c) Must show every bond. 1

IGNORE bond angles
IGNORE n
IGNORE brackets
REJECT trailing bonds
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) M1 four electrons between the carbon and each 2
oxygen

M2 rest of molecule correct M2 dep on M1

(ii) M1 shared pair(s) of electrons 2

M2 attracted to (two) nuclei REJECT nucleus. Must

be plural for M2.
M2 dep on mention of
electrons in M1

(b) (i) M1 Graphite has delocalised electrons IGNORE sea of electrons 2

IGNORE free electrons
IGNORE number of
electrons

M2 (delocalised electron(s)) can move or flow IGNORE references to

(throughout the structure) carrying a charge or
current
IGNORE references to
layers

M2 dep on mentioning
electrons in M1

Any mention of ions

scores 0

(ii) M1 (diamond) giant covalent ALLOW macromolecular 5

ALLOW giant structure
if M2 is scored
IGNORE tetrahedral
structure
REJECT molecules of
diamond

M2 (in melting diamond) covalent bonds are broken ALLOW description of

covalent bonds

M3 (C60) (simple) molecular structure ALLOW molecules of C60

M4 (in melting C60) intermolecular forces (of

attraction) are overcome

M5 more energy is needed to break covalent bonds ALLOW strong covalent

(in diamond) than intermolecular forces (in C60) bonds and weak
intermolecular forces
(or attraction)
ACCEPT breaking bonds
in C60 if intermolecular
forces clearly
mentioned

Mention of
intermolecular forces in
diamond no M2 or M5

Mention of breaking
covalent bonds in C60 no
M4 or M5
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) 4 CuO (s)+ CH4 (g)→ 4 Cu (s)+ CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l/g) ALLOW multiples and 2
fractions
M1 correct balancing

M2 correct state symbols

(b) (i) M1 Mass copper 3.18g and mass oxygen 0.40g 4

M2 Moles copper = 3.18/63.5 OR 0.0500 moles

M3 Moles oxygen = 0.40/16 OR 0.025 moles M2 and M3 allow ecf

from M1

M4 Ratio of moles Cu:O is 2:1 M4 is dep on M2 and M3

(ii) Any one from: 1

M1 Use a safety screen ALLOW tie hair back

M2 Position the class some distance from the ALLOW wear heat-proof
apparatus gloves

M3 Do the experiment in a fume cupboard

M4 Set fire to the (excess) methane gas straight

away

(c)(i) (Iron (III) oxide) loses oxygen ALLOW iron loses 1

oxygen
IGNORE any reference
to electrons.
1
(ii) Carbon monoxide is poisonous / toxic OR carbon ALLOW carbon
monoxide reduces the ability of the blood to carry monoxide binds to
oxygen haemoglobin in the
blood
(iii) • calculate Mr of Fe2O3 Correct answer of 21 4
• calculate the amount, in moles, of Fe2O3 tonnes scores 4 marks
• calculate the amount, in moles, of Fe with or without working
• calculate the mass in tonnes of Fe

Example calculation ALLOW ecf from M1

(incorrect Mr)
M1 Mr of Fe2O3 = 160

M2 n(Fe2O3) = 30.0 x 106 ÷ 160 OR 187,500 moles ALLOW working in

megamoles
ALLOW ecf from M1

M3 n(Fe) = 187,500 x 2 OR 375,000 moles ALLOW working in

megamoles
ALLOW ECF from M2

M4 375,000 x 56 = 21 tonnes ALLOW ecf from M3

(iv) M1 840,000g is 70,000 moles of carbon 2

M2 therefore need 23,333 moles Fe2O3 (but we have

25,000 which is an excess)

OR

M1 Need 75,000 moles carbon

M2 900,000g of carbon is needed (and have

840,000g of carbon so iron(III) oxide is in excess as
carbon is the limiting reactant)

OR

M1 need 75,000 moles of carbon

M2 have 840,000÷12 OR 70,000 moles of carbon (so

iron(III) oxide is in excess as carbon is the limiting
reactant)
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in

Chemistry (4CH1)
Paper 2CR
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) B box 2 1
The only correct answer is B because box 2 contains
two different particles in the same space that are
not chemically joined

A is not correct because box A shows an element

C is not correct because box C shows an element
D is not correct because box 4 shows a compound

(ii) C Boxes 1 and 3 1

The only correct answer is C because boxes 1 and 2
contain one type of atom only.
A is not correct because box 2 shows a mixture
B is not correct because box 2 shows a mixture
D is not correct because box 4 shows a compound

(iii) M1 (box 5 shows) two (different) elements ALLOW two (different) 2

types of atoms

REJECT mixture for M1

M2 (chemically) bonded (together) ALLOW (chemically)

combined/joined
(together)

M2 DEP on mention of
elements/atoms in M1

(b) (i) C number of protons 1

The only correct answer is B because the elements

in the periodic table are arranged in order of
proton number
A is not correct because elements are not arranged
in order of mass number
B is not correct because elements are not arranged
in order of the number of neutrons
D is not correct because elements are not arranged
in order of reactivity

(ii) A electrons in the outer shell 1

The only correct answer is A because elements in

the same group of the periodic table have the same
number of electrons in the outer shell.
B Is not the correct answer because elements in the
same period have the same number of shells
C elements in the same group do not have the same
number of neutrons
D is not the correct answer because elements in the
same group do not have the same number of
protons
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) M1 level of the water must be below the dyes/start ACCEPT dyes/start line 2
line should be above water
level

M2 the start line must be drawn in pencil

2 (b) (i) 2 marks for any two conclusions from 3

(the green food colouring)

M1 contains (dye) B and (dye) D

M2 contains an unknown dye

M3 does not contain A or C

M4 contains three dyes ALLOW is not pure

and 1 mark for a correct explanation of given

conclusion for the green food colouring

eg (explanation for M1) because has spots at same

level (as B and D)

eg (explanation for M2) because has a spot at

different level (from A B C D)

eg (explanation for M3) because has no spots at

same level (as A and C)

eg (explanation for M4) because has three spots

(ii) M1 (distance moved by solvent correctly measured) ALLOW a tolerance of 3

= 9.5 (cm) ±2mm

M2 use of

Rf = distance moved by the dye C eg 6.2

distance moved by the solvent 9.5
ALLOW ECF from M1

M3 evaluation of Rf eg (6.2) = 0.65(3)

(9.5)

ALLOW 1-4 sig fig

ALLOW ECF from M2

(iii) (dye A) is not soluble in water ALLOW solvent for 1

water
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) B Precipitation 1

The only correct answer is B the reaction of two

solutions to produce an insoluble solid is
precipitation.

A is not correct because this reaction is not

neutralisation
C is not correct because this reaction is not a redox
reaction
D is not correct because this reaction is not thermal
decomposition

3 (b) M1 wash the solid with (deionised) water 2

M2 suitable method of drying solid eg dry between ALLOW leave to dry

filter papers/on paper towel/in (warm) oven/in a ALLOW leave in a warm
desiccator place
ALLOW leave for the
water to evaporate
IGNORE dry it alone

REJECT hot oven or any

method of direct
heating eg Bunsen
burner

REJECT references
(direct or inferred) to
silver chloride solution
or crystallisation for M1
and M2

No M2 if solid washed
after drying

3 (c) Any one from: 1

M1 (hydrochloric acid/it) contains chloride ions ALLOW contains Cl-

M2 (hydrochloric acid/it) produces a (white)

precipitate with silver nitrate

M3 (hydrochloric acid/it) reacts with silver nitrate

3 (d) M1 n(AgNO3 or AgCl) = 0.0025 2

M2 (mass AgCl) = 0.0025 x 143.5 = 0.35(9)g ALLOW ECF from M1

ALLOW one or more sig
fig

Correct answer without

working scores 2 marks.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) M1 layers of atoms/positive ions IGNORE layers 2
unqualified
REJECT layers of
molecules

M2 can slide over one another M2 DEP on mention of

layers/atoms/ions in M1

4 (b) (i) ions cannot move ALLOW ions are in fixed 1

positions/in a lattice

IGNORE no free ions

REJECT any reference
to electrons

(ii) 2Br- → Br2 + 2e- 1

(iii) M1 lead ions (are positive and) are attracted to the ALLOW cathode for 2
negative electrode / Pb2+ (ions) are attracted to the negative electrode
negative electrode

M2 lead ions gain electrons / Pb2+ (ions) gain ALLOW a correct half
electrons (to form lead) equation for M2
IGNORE references to
redox
ALLOW lead ions get
discharged (to form
lead)

(iv) metal or lead connects the electrodes or completes ALLOW metal or lead 1
the circuit OWTTE conducts electricity
ALLOW metal or lead
allows electrons to flow
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) Any two from: 2

M1 (lithium) moves (on the surface) ALLOW floats

M2 (lithium) gets smaller/disappears ALLOW dissolves

M3 colourless solution forms IGNORE white trail

forms

REJECT melts / turns

into a ball
ALLOW temperature
increases/heat given off

(ii) (when mixed with air) must refer to test and 1

lit spill/splint or flame gives (squeaky) pop result
IGNORE squeaky pop
test alone
ALLOW burns with
(squeaky) pop

REJECT glowing
spill/splint and pop

5 (b) (i) Any one from: 1

M1 more rapid bubbles/fizzing/effervescence

M2 turns into a ball ALLOW potassium melts

M3 moves more quickly ALLOW gets

smaller/disappears
more quickly

M4 catches alight / burns / produces a flame IGNORE flame colour

(ii) M1 potassium has more shells than lithium ALLOW potassium atom 3
is bigger than lithium

ALLOW outer
shell/electron is further
from nucleus

M2 (therefore) there is less attraction between the ALLOW more repulsion

outer shell/electron and the nucleus (from inner shells) or
more shielding (from
the nuclear attraction)

ALLOW nuclear pull for

the outer shell/electron
is weaker

M3 so the electron in the outer shell is more easily ACCEPT answers in

lost terms of lithium for M1,
M2 and M3
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) M1 n(Li) = 0.500 OR 0.0714 3
7
M2 n(H2) = 0.0714 OR 0.0357 ALLOW ECF from M1
2

M3 volume of H2 (= 0.0357 x 24000) = 857 (cm3) ALLOW ECF M2 x 24 000

M3 must be to 3 sig fig

Correct answer to 3 sig

fig without working
scores 3 marks.

(ii) M1 n(H2SO4)= 0.02485 x 0.1 OR 0.002485 3

M2 n(LiOH) = 2 x 0.002485 OR 0.00497 ALLOW ECF from M1

M3 concentration of LiOH = 0.0331 (mol/dm3) ALLOW ECF from M2

(M2 ÷ 0.150)

ALLOW any number of

sig fig except one for
M1 M2 and M3

Correct answer without

working scores 3 marks.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) A description including the following points: 4

M1 (use) fractional distillation / fractionating column /

fractionating tower

M2 (crude oil) heated / vaporised ALLOW boiled

M3 column is cooler at top / hotter at the bottom / idea

of temperature gradient

M4 fractions condense/collected at different heights ALLOW fractions with

OWTTE high(er) boiling
OR fractions have different boiling point (ranges) points/large(r)
molecules
condense/collected
near bottom ORA

6 (b) (i) M1 particles/molecules are closer together ALLOW more 2

particles/molecules per
unit volume

M2 therefore more (successful) collisions per unit time ALLOW more frequent
(successful) collisions
If reference to particles
have more energy/move
faster, then 0/2

(ii) M1 (a catalyst provides) an alternative pathway ALLOW a catalyst 2

provides a surface for
the reaction to take
place on

M2 of lower activation energy ALLOW so more

collisions/particles have
energy greater than the
activation energy.

1
(iii) increase the temperature ALLOW heat it up
IGNORE references to
concentration
REJECT increase the
surface area
6 (b) (iv) 3

M1 C2H6 on horizontal line below the reactants

M2 activation energy correctly shown and labelled ACCEPT arrow pointing

upwards or double
headed arrow

M3 ΔH correctly shown and labelled ACCEPT arrow pointing

from reactants level to
product level or double
headed arrow

ALLOW max 2 for a

correctly labelled
endothermic reaction
(c) • find energy needed to break bonds 3
• find energy released when bonds form
• correct evaluation of ΔH

Example calculation

M1 (4 x 412) + 612 + 436 OR 2696 IGNORE sign

ALLOW 1048

M2 (6 x 412) + 348 OR 2820 IGNORE sign

ALLOW 1172

M3 -124 if M1 M2 correct
-124 without working
scores 3
(+)124 scores 2

ALLOW M3 ECF M1 M2
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) CO2 1

(ii) (otherwise) ethanoic acid will form ALLOW (otherwise) ethanol will be 1
oxidised or react with oxygen
ALLOW
fermentation/reaction/respiration
needs to be anaerobic
ALLOW (otherwise) ethanol would
not be formed /CO2 and H2O would
be formed

(iii) M1(reaction is catalysed by) enzymes (in yeast) IGNORE yeast unqualified 2

M2 which will denature (above 40°C) ALLOW enzymes do not work

above 40°C
2
(iv) M1 maximum mass of ethanol = 8 x 46 = 368 (g)

M2 55.2 x 100 (=15%)

368

Alternative method:

M1 actual yield of ethanol in mol = 55.2 = 1.2

46

M2 1.2 x 100 (=15%)

8

(b) (i) M1 rate of the forwards reaction = the rate of IGNORE it is reversible reaction 2
the backwards reaction

M2 the concentrations of reactants and REJECT concentrations of

products remain constant reactants and products are equal
or are the same

(b) (ii) M1 an increase in temperature shifts the IGNORE references to Le 2

(position of) equilibrium in the endothermic Chatelier’s Principle
direction (so backwards reaction is ALLOW heating for increase in
endothermic) temperature

M2 so forward reaction is exothermic M2 DEP M1 or near miss

7 (c) (i) M1 (displayed formula of A - propanoic acid) ALLOW 1 mark if both OH but 2
otherwise correct

M2 (displayed formula of B - butan-1-ol)

(c) (ii) M1 add a named carbonate or ALLOW correct formula 2

hydrogencarbonate

M2 effervescence/bubbles/fizzing M2 DEP M1 or near miss

ALLOW carbon dioxide/CO2
produced
REJECT incorrect gas
OR

M1 add a suitable named metal e.g. ALLOW correct symbol

magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron REJECT a metal that is too
reactive e.g. potassium or too
unreactive e.g. copper

M2 effervescence/bubbles/fizzing M2 DEP M1 or near miss

ALLOW hydrogen/H2 produced

REJECT incorrect gas

OR

M1 add a named alcohol (and some ALLOW correct formula

concentrated sulfuric acid and warm)

M2 sweet smell (of an ester) M2 DEP M1 or near miss

 Mark Scheme (Results)

May/June 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1CR and Science
(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1CR
P
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) simple distillation REJECT fractional 1
distillation
REJECT distillation

(ii) chromatography 1

(iii) fractional distillation 1

(b) M1 dissolve 3

M2 solute

M3 solvent

Total 6
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) Na/K ACCEPT sodium/potassium 1

(ii) He ACCEPT helium 1

(iii) Br ACCEPT bromine 1

REJECT bromide

(iv) Na and Cl ACCEPT sodium and 1

chlorine

REJECT chloride

(b) 2.8.1 ACCEPT 2,8,1 or 2 8 1 1

ALLOW diagram of atom

showing correct electron
configuration.

Total 5
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) 4
molecular formula C3H6
name of this alkene propene ACCEPT propylene
empirical formula CH2
general formula CnH2n ACCEPT N or other
letters e.g. x
H H H
I I I
displayed formula H—C=C—C—H
I
H

1 mark for each correct answer

b) i) (contains a carbon carbon) double bond ACCEPT multiple bond 1

ii) M1 add bromine water REJECT bromine 2

REJECT bromide

M2 decolourises/changes to colourless ALLOW turns colourless

IGNORE clear
M2 dep M1 or near miss

1
(c) (i) CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl ACCEPT multiples

(ii) D Substitution 1

A is incorrect as it is not an addition reaction

B is incorrect as it is not a decomposition reaction
C is incorrect as it is not a neutralisation reaction

(iii) Ultraviolet radiation/light ACCEPT UV/ultraviolet 1

rays

(d) (i) M1 (isomers have) the same molecular formula 2

M2 (but) different structural/displayed formulae ALLOW different

structures
ALLOW different
arrangement of atoms
(ii) M1 H H 2

H C C H

Cl Cl

M2 Cl H

H C C H

Cl H

Total
14
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) 2 H2 O2 → 2 H2O + (1) O2 ALLOW multiples and 1
fractions

(b) Relights a glowing splint/spill 1

(c) Speeds up/increases rate of the reaction IGNORE references to 1

lowering activation
energy

(d) (i) All points plotted correctly ALLOW ± half a 1

square

(ii) Point at 8 minutes circled 1

(iii) Smooth curve of best fit 1

(iv) took the reading too soon/before 8 minutes ACCEPT misread the 1
volume (of oxygen)

(v) M1 vertical line on graph drawn to curve from 3 mins 2

M2 value obtained from candidate’s graph Expected value 29 or

30 cm3
ALLOW ± half a
square
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (e) (i) M1 curve drawn on graph that is less steep than 2
curve of student’s results.

M2 curve levels off at 40 cm3 ALLOW ± half a square

(ii) An explanation that links the following three points 3

M1 reaction is slower

M2 fewer particles/molecules (in the same volume) ACCEPT particles are

further apart / less
crowded

M3 fewer collisions per unit time ACCEPT less frequent

collisions
IGNORE less chance of a
collision

Total 14
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) 6/six 1

(ii) One of the following two points 1

methanol/it) does not contain only carbon and

hydrogen
OR
(methanol/it) contains (an atom of) oxygen

(b) (i) M1 two/ pair of electrons 2

M2 shared between two atoms ACCEPT (electrons)

attracted to the nuclei
(of the two atoms in the
bond)

ACCEPT
M1 (electrostatic)
attraction between two
nuclei
M2 (and the) shared
pair(s) of electrons
(between them)

(ii) M1 4 pairs of electrons around central carbon atom, ALLOW any combination 2
with one pair to O and 3 pairs to H of dots and crosses

M2 rest of molecule fully correct M2 DEP on M1

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) • Divide percentages by relative atomic 0 marks if division by 3
masses atomic numbers or
• Divide results by smallest value to obtain upside-down calculation
ratio
• Write empirical formula

Example calculation

M1 C H O
38.7 9.7 51.6
12 1 16

M2 3.225 9.7 3.225 M2 subsumes M1

(3.225) (3.225) (3.225)

OR 1 3 1

M3 CH3O ACCEPT symbols in any

order

(ii) • Divide relative molecular mass by empirical 2

formula mass
• Write molecular formula

Example calculation

M1 62 OR 62 (= 2)
12 + 3 + 16 31

M2 C2H6O2 ACCEPT symbols in any

order

Correct answer without

working scores 2 marks

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) halogens REJECT halides 1

(ii) (pale) green 1

(iii) M1 test with (damp) litmus paper ALLOW (damp) 2

universal indicator
paper
M2 bleaches
ALLOW turns white
IGNORE turns red
M2 dep on M1

(b) A description that refers to the following three points M1 and M2 can be in 3
either order

M1 add (dilute) nitric acid (to the unknown solution) REJECT addition of
incorrect acid
M2 add silver nitrate (solution)

M3 (pale) yellow precipitate M3 dep on M2

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 c An explanation that links the following six points 6

chlorine solution and potassium bromide solution

M1 (solution) turns orange ACCEPT yellow

REJECT brown/red

M2 (because) chlorine displaces bromine ACCEPT correct word

equation, balanced
chemical equation or ionic
equation.

M3 (so) chlorine is more reactive than bromine

bromine solution and potassium iodide solution

M4 (solution) turns brown

M5 (because) bromine displaces iodine ACCEPT correct word

equation, balanced
chemical equation or ionic
equation

M6 (so) bromine is more reactive than iodine If incorrect use of chloride,

bromide or iodide in any
marking point deduct 1
mark.

ALLOW 1 mark for correct

order of reactivity given if
M3 and M6 not scored

Total
13
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g) ACCEPT upper case 1
letters

(ii) effervescence/bubbles/fizzing ACCEPT zinc gets smaller 1

or disappears
IGNORE hydrogen / gas
produced / given off

(b) (i) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 to make sure all of the acid reacts

M2 (so that) a pure zinc sulfate solution is

obtained/pure zinc sulfate crystals are obtained
OWTTE

(ii) M1 filter funnel containing filter paper 2

M2 suitable container to collect filtrate e.g. M2 dep on a filter funnel

beaker, conical flask, evaporating basin in M1
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (c) (i) • setting out of calculation correct answer without 2
• evaluation working scores 2

Example calculation

M1 65 + 32 + (4 x 16) + (7 x 18)

M2 287

(ii) • multiply moles by Mr correct answer (5.74) 2

• evaluation without working scores
2

Example calculation

M1 (mass of ZnSO4.7H2O =) 287 x 0.02(00) ALLOW ecf from (i)

M2 (mass of ZnSO4.7H2O =) 5.74 (g)

(iii) M1 4.28÷5.74 OR 0.7456 correct answer to 3 sig 3

figs without working
scores 3
ALLOW ecf from (ii)
ALLOW use of 6g

M2 0.7456 × 100 ALLOW any number of

sig fig greater than 1

M3 74.6 ALLOW use of 6g giving

answer of 71.3
Must be 3 sig figs to
score M3

Total
13
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

8 (a) (i) M1 white flame/light 2

M2 white powder/solid (formed) ALLOW white smoke

ALLOW white ash
REJECT white precipitate

(ii) magnesium gains oxygen ACCEPT magnesium loses 1

electrons/ oxidation state
(of Mg) increases / goes
from / changes from 0 to
+2

(b) (i) gives out/releases heat (energy)/thermal energy IGNORE energy alone 1

(ii) 2Mg + CO2  2MgO + C ALLOW multiples and 1

fractions

(iii) Any one from 1

the fire would keep burning ALLOW Any other sensible

OR suggestion
the carbon dioxide would not put out the fire
OR
a large amount of heat/thermal energy would be
released
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (c) An explanation giving two linked changes 4

M1 (the student should) lift and replace the lid

M2 (to allow) oxygen/air to enter the crucible (to

react with the magnesium)

AND

M3 reheat and reweigh / heat to constant mass

M4 to make sure that all the magnesium has reacted

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) B5 1

A is incorrect as 1 is the pH of a strong acid

C is incorrect as 7 is the pH of a neutral solution
D is incorrect as 9 is the pH of a weak alkali

(ii) D acids are proton donors 1

A is incorrect as alkalis contain OH− ions not acids

B is incorrect as acids do not donate electrons
C is incorrect as bases are proton acceptors not
acids

(b) (i) (thermal) decomposition 1

(ii) PbCO3  PbO + CO2 ALLOW multiples 1

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (c) (i) liquid (shown in table) ALLOW if liquid written 1
in space under question
ALLOW l or L

(ii) An explanation which links any six of the following 6

points

M1 silicon dioxide has a giant (covalent) structure

M2 covalent bonds are (very) strong

M3 (in silicon dioxide) many/all the covalent bonds No M3 or M4 if

need to be broken reference to
overcoming / breaking
intermolecular forces in
silicon dioxide
M4 a large amount of / more energy is required to
break the bonds (in silicon dioxide)

M5 silicon(IV) chloride has a simple molecular

structure

M6 the forces between the

molecules/intermolecular forces (in silicon(IV) No M6 or M7 if any
chloride) are weak reference to weak
covalent bonds or
M7 little / less energy is needed to overcome the breaking of covalent
forces in silicon(IV) chloride bonds in silicon(IV)
chloride

A statement such as
‘more energy is needed
to break the bonds in
silicon dioxide than to
overcome the forces in
silicon(IV) chloride’
scores M4 and M7

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) potassium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid  ALLOW correctly 1
potassium chloride + water balanced chemical
equation

(ii) M1 to mix (the two solutions more thoroughly) 2

M2 (so that) more reactant particles come into ALLOW references to

contact with each other OWTTE increasing rate of
reaction
M3 so that the heat energy is given out more
quickly OWTTE

M4 so that the mixture is the same temperature

throughout OWTTE

(b) Correct answer with or without working scores 2 2

• setting out of calculation

• evaluation

Example calculation

M1 17.8 + 18.4
2

M2 18.1
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (c) (i)
Mean temperature at start in oC 17.2 2

Temperature at end in oC 22.4

Temperature rise in oC 5.2

(ii) • calculation of volume/mass of mixture 3

• substitution of values into Q = mcΔT
• evaluation

Example calculation

M1 (volume/mass =) 25 + 25 OR 50 (cm3) or (g)

M2 (Q =) 50 x 4.2 x 5.2 ALLOW ecf if 25 used in

calculation

M3 (Q =) 1092 1092 without working

scores 3 marks

(iii) • division of Q by moles of KOH ALLOW ecf from answer 3

• conversion of J to kJ to (ii)
• answer with correct sign ALLOW any number of sig
figs greater than 1
throughout

Example calculation

M1 1092 OR 54600 ACCEPT 1092 or 1100 used

0.02 in calculation

M2 conversion from J to kJ OR 54.6(00) ALLOW ecf from M1

M3 (ΔH =) − 54.6 (kJ/mol) Minus sign must be

present
ALLOW ecf from M2
ACCEPT any value
between 54.5 and 55

M3 dep on division of Q by
moles
Correct answer with
correct sign and without
working scores 3

Correct answer without

sign or with incorrect sign
and without working
scores 2.

Total 13
Mark Scheme (Results)

May/June 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 2CR
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) M1 A test tube / boiling tube 4
Grad
M2 B evaporating basin ALLOW evaporating
dish/crystallising dish
M3 C measuring cylinder

M4 D (top-pan) balance ALLOW (weighing) scale(s)

ALLOW weighing machine

(b) C 1
Comp
A is incorrect as a test tube cannot measure a
volume of liquid
B is incorrect as an evaporating basin cannot
measure a volume of liquid
D is incorrect as a balance measures mass not
volume

Total 5
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) A 3 1
Comp
B is incorrect as there are not 6 electrons in the outer
shell of a thallium atom
C is incorrect as there are not 13 electrons in the
outer shell of a thallium atom
D is incorrect as 81 is the total number of electrons
in a thallium atom not the number in the outer shell

(b) B 78 1
Comp
A is incorrect as there are not 3 electrons in a
thallium ion
C is incorrect as 81 is the number of electrons in a
thallium atom not a thallium ion
D is incorrect as there are not 84 electrons in a
thallium ion

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (c) (i) M1 (number of protons) 81 ACCEPT eighty-one 2
Cl
M2 (number of neutrons) 124 ACCEPT one hundred and
twenty-four

(ii) • calculate sum of mass numbers multiplied 3

by percentage abundances Exp
• divide answer by 100
• give answer to one decimal place

Example calculation

M1 (203 x 30.8) + (205 x 69.2) OR 20438.4 ACCEPT 4, 5 or 6 sig fig

M2 20438.4 ÷ 100 OR 204.384 ACCEPT 5 or 6 sig fig

(203 x 0.308) + (205 x 0.692)

OR 204.384 with or without
working scores M1 and M2

M3 204.4 Correct answer to 1 d.p. with

or without working scores 3
marks

Total 7
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) M1 (bitumen) (surfacing) roads/(surfacing) roofs ALLOW other suitable 2
uses Exp

M2 (gasoline) petrol / fuel for cars/vehicles ALLOW other suitable

uses e.g. fuel for
cooking

(ii) An explanation that links the following two points 2

Exp
M1 column is cooler near the top than at the bottom ACCEPT column cool
ORA near the top and hot at
the bottom

ACCEPT temperature
decreases up the
column ORA

M2 gasoline has a lower boiling point than bitumen ACCEPT gasoline has a
(so is collected nearer the top) ORA low boiling point (so is
collected near the top)
and bitumen has a high
boiling point (so is
collected near the
bottom)

(b) (i) M1 alumina/silica (catalyst) ACCEPT Al2O3 / SiO2 2

/aluminium oxide Exp
/silicon dioxide
/aluminosilicate(s)
/zeolite(s)

M2 600 – 700 (oC) ACCEPT range or any

value within the range

ACCEPT correct
temperatures in other
units

(ii) C12H26 --> C7H16 + C2H4 + C3H6 ACCEPT answers in 2

either order Exp

M1 C2H4

M2 C3H6

Total 8
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) Any two of the following observations. 2
Exp
M1 (sodium) floats/moves on surface (of water)

M2 (sodium) melts/forms a ball

M3 (sodium) gets smaller/disappears ALLOW dissolves

M4 (sodium forms) white trail IGNORE references to

flame/heat released
/temperature increases

IGNORE fizzing
/effervescence

(b) (i) 2Li + F2  2LiF ALLOW multiples or 1

fractions Exp

IGNORE state symbols

even if incorrect

(ii) M1 flame test ALLOW description of 2

flame test Exp

M2 red (flame) ALLOW crimson /scarlet

REJECT orange-red/
brick red

(iii) M1 correct electron arrangement of lithium ion ACCEPT any 3

combination of dots and Exp
crosses

IGNORE empty second

shell

M2 correct electron arrangement of fluoride ion

Inner electron shell
required to score M2

M3 correct charges on both ions (with or without M3 not dep on M1 and

brackets) M2 correct
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (c) An explanation that links three of the following four 3
points Exp

M1 the outer electron is further from the nucleus in ALLOW potassium

potassium / potassium has more shells/ potassium atom is bigger than a
has larger atomic radius ORA sodium atom

M2 there is more shielding (by the inner shells) in

potassium ORA

M3 there is less attraction between the outer electron

and the nucleus in potassium ORA

M4 (so outer) electron (in potassium) more easily lost outer electron needs to
ORA be mentioned at least
once in the answer for
full marks

Max 2 if no mention of
outer electron in the
answer

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) A labelled diagram showing 2
Exp
M1 at least three rows of at least three cations/atoms in
a regular arrangement

M2 surrounded by (delocalised) electrons

Example of diagram
Max 1 if no labels

Minimum requirement
for 2 marks is + signs on
atoms and electrons
labelled or shown as e−

(ii) An explanation that links the following two points 2

Exp
M1 delocalised electrons IGNORE free
electrons/ sea of
electrons

M2 flow/are mobile/move/are free to move M2 dep on mention of

electrons

Any mention of
ions/atoms moving
scores 0

(b) Any two of the following properties 2

Exp
M1 low density ALLOW lightweight
IGNORE light

IGNORE less dense

M2 does not react with drink ALLOW does not

corrode/non-toxic

IGNORE does not rust

M3 malleable ALLOW easy to bend/

easy to shape

IGNORE references to
cost

IGNORE can be
recycled

IGNORE any irrelevant

properties e.g. high
melting/boiling point/
good conductor/ductile
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) aluminium/it is more reactive/higher in the reactivity ALLOW aluminium is 1
series than carbon ORA too reactive/too high in Grad
the reactivity series

(ii) electrons are gained (by aluminium ion/Al3+) ACCEPT oxidation state 1
of aluminium/Al is Exp
decreased/ changes
from +3 to 0

REJECT aluminium/Al
gains electrons

IGNORE references to
loss of oxygen

(iii) 2O2−  O2 + 4e(−) ACCEPT multiples and 2

fractions Exp
M1 correct formulae of products

M2 balancing of correct formulae M2 dep on M1

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) pipette 1
Cl

(b) (i) M1 (colour in NaOH) pink ACCEPT magenta 2

Grad
ALLOW red

M2 (colour in HCl) colourless/no colour IGNORE clear

1 mark for two correct

colours in the wrong
order

(ii) There is no clear (colour change at the) end point/ ALLOW it has a range 1
difficult to determine which shade of green is pH 7 of colours Exp
OWTTE

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) A description that makes reference to the following 2
two points Exp

M1 add 21.5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid

M2 to 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution

0 marks if mention of
adding indicator

ALLOW repeat the titration

without indicator for 1 mark

ALLOW the following

alternative method

M1 add activated charcoal

(to absorb the indicator)

M2 filter (to remove the

activated charcoal and
indicator)

M2 dep on M1
 (ii) A description that makes reference to the following Max 1 mark if solution 4
four points evaporated to dryness Exp

M1 heat the solution to evaporate some of the water/ If solution left to partially
to form a saturated solution/ to crystallisation point evaporate without heating
only M3 and M4 can be
awarded
M2 leave the solution to cool /leave the solution for
(more) crystals to form

M3 filter off the crystals

IGNORE references to
washing

M4 suitable method of drying the crystals e.g. dry between filter

papers/dry in a warm oven/
leave to dry

REJECT hot oven or direct

heating with Bunsen burner

No M4 if crystals are
washed after drying

6 (d) • calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH correct answer without 3

• divide amount in moles by volume in dm3 working scores 3 marks Exp
• evaluation to obtain correct answer

Example calculation

M1 n(NaOH) = 0.0250 x 0.800 or 0.02(00)

M2 conc = (0.02 ÷ 0.0215) answer to M1 ÷ 0.0215

M3 0.930 ALLOW any number of sig

fig except 1

ALLOW ecf on M2
Total
13
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) sulfuric acid IGNORE references to 1
concentration Grad

ALLOW H2SO4

REJECT sulfurous acid

(ii) D orange to green 1

Comp
A is incorrect as the solution is not colourless at the
start of the reaction
B is incorrect as the solution is not green at the start
or orange at the end of the reaction
C is incorrect as the solution is not colourless at the
end of the reaction

(b) (i) • show the expression for the sum of the bond correct answer without 2
energies for the breaking of bonds working scores 2 Exp
• evaluation to give answer in kJ

Example calculation

M1 ∑ C-C + 5C-H + C-O + O-H + 3O=O

OR ∑ 346 + (5 x 412) + 358 + 463 + (3 x 496)

M2 4715 (kJ) - 1 mark for each error

(ii) • show the expression for the sum of the bond correct answer without 2
energies for the forming of bonds working scores 2 Exp
• evaluation to give answer in kJ

Example calculation

M1 ∑ 4C=O + 6O-H

OR ∑ (4 x 743) + (6 x 463)

M2 5750 (kJ) - 1 mark for each error

IGNORE any signs in (i)

and (ii)

(iii) (4715 – 5750 =) – 1035 (kJ/mol) minus sign must be 1

included Exp

ACCEPT – 1040
(kJ/mol)

ALLOW ecf on answers

to (i) and (ii)

If answers to (i) and (ii)

are reversed allow max
3 and ecf on (iii)
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (c) (i) ethyl methanoate ALLOW ethyl formate 1
Grad
ALLOW words written
without gap

(ii) M1 ester linkage 2

Exp
O

− C − O−
M2 rest of molecule correct

M2 dep on M1

(iii) M1 forward and reverse reactions occur at the same 2

rate OWTTE Exp

M2 concentrations of reactants and products remain

constant

(d) • calculate amount in moles of HCOOH correct answer without 4

• use equation to find amount in moles of CO2 working scores 4 Exp
• multiply amount in moles of CO2 by molar
volume
• evaluation of answer in cm3

Example calculation

M1 n(HCOOH) = 2.3 ÷ 46 or 0.05(0)

M2 n(CO2) = 0.05(0) ÷ 2 or 0.025

M3 (volume of CO2) = 0.025 x 24 or 0.025 x 24000 No ecf from M1 and M2

if mass or Mr multiplied
by 24 /24000

M4 600 (cm3) ALLOW ecf from M3

0.6, 1200 and 2400

score 3
1.2 and 2.4 score 2
Total
16
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1CR and Science
(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1CR
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) copper 1

(b) glucose/water 1

(c) air 1

(d) nitrogen/oxygen 1

(e) copper 1

(f) oxygen and sulfur in either order 1

(Total for Question 1 = 6)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) Any two from the following: 2

M1 contains 3 dyes
M2 contains (dye) A
M3 contains (dye) B
M4 does not contain (dye) C / contains an
unknown
dye OWTTE

(b) (i) (Ink 2) is insoluble (in solvent/water) ALLOW does not 1

contain (dye) A/B/C

(ii) (repeat) using different solvent ALLOW named 1

alternative solvent eg
alcohol/ethanol

(c) M1 correct measurement of distance moved by ALLOW 5.4-5.6 3

spot ALLOW 7.9-8.1
AND correct measurement of distance moved by
solvent
Expected:
M2 use and evaluation of 5.5 = 0.6875
8.0
Rf = distance moved by spot
= 0.69
distance moved by solvent front

ALLOW ECF from M1

M3 answer to 2 sig fig
M2

correct answer with no

working scores 3

(Total for Question 2 = 7)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) alkanes 1

(b) (i) A boiling point is the correct answer because fractional 1

distillation depends on differences in boiling point
B is not correct because fractional distillation does not
depend on differences in density
C is not correct because fractional distillation does not
depend on differences in melting point
D is not correct because fractional distillation does not
depend on differences in solubility

(b) (ii)

1 mark for each correct line from boxes on left If more than
one line from a
box on left
do not award mark for
that box

(c) explanation including the following points:

3
M1 (common impurity in fuels is) sulfur

M2 sulfur burns/combusts/reacts (in air/oxygen) to form

sulfur dioxide/SO2

M3 sulfur dioxide/SO2 dissolves in/reacts with rain/water

to form acid rain
If M2 M3 not scored
ALLOW 1 mark for
reference to sulphur
dioxide/SO2 and acid
rain
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (d) (i) cracking 1

(ii) M1 (catalyst) silica/alumina ALLOW silicon 2

dioxide/aluminium
oxide
ALLOW formulae
M2 (temperature) 600-700 (°C) ALLOW zeolite

(iii) C13H28  C8H18 +

M1 C3H6 + in either order 2

ALLOW structural
formulae
M2 C2H4

ALLOW 1 mark for

single product C5H10

(Total for Question 3 = 13)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) (hydrated) iron(III) oxide REJECT incorrect 1
oxidation states

(ii) M1 (barrier method involves) ALLOW coating in

coating iron in paint/oil/grease/plastic named metal below 2
iron in reactivity series
eg tin

M2 stops oxygen/air/water getting to the iron

ALLOW stops iron
reacting with
oxygen/air/water

(b) (i)
reading at start 20.5

reading at end 33.5 (1) 2

CSQ on reading
volume of oxygen 13.0 (1)
used in cm3

(ii) not all oxygen had reacted / not enough iron ALLOW not left for long 1
(wool) enough/ OWTTE

(c)
M1 calculation of volume oxygen used 3

M2 correct expression for percentage of oxygen

M3 correct evaluation

Example calculation:

M1 (35.5 – 20.0 =) 15.5

M2 (15.5 ÷ 80.0) x 100 ALLOW ECF from M1

M3 19.4(%) ACCEPT 19.375/19.38

correct answer with no

working scores 3

(Total for Question 4 = 9)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (thermal) decomposition (1) 1

(b) any two of the following:

2
M1 (use the same) amount of metal carbonate ALLOW mass

M2 (use the same) sized pieces/surface area

M3 (use the same) volume of limewater ALLOW amount

M4 (use same) size flame / distance of flame from

boiling tube OWTTE

(c) bubbles are air (from tube) / caused by air ALLOW gas in tube 1
(expanding on heating) expands (on heating)

(d) explanation including

M1 (when limewater turns milky/cloudy it) 2

shows carbon dioxide produced

M2 showing metal carbonate has ALLOW carbon dioxide

reacted/decomposed comes from carbonate
(reacting/decomposing)

(e) (i) M1 (from) green IGNORE qualifiers eg 2

light
M2 (to) black

(ii) CuCO3  CuO + CO2 ALLOW products in 1

either order
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (f) (i) M1 the lower the metal is (in the reactivity series) ALLOW the less 2
reactive a metal is

M2 the more easily the (metal) carbonate ALLOW the more

reacts/decomposes easily the (metal)
carbonate
produces carbon
dioxide

ALLOW references
to the less time the
(metal) carbonate
takes to
react/decompose

ALLOW references
to the faster the
(metal) carbonate
reacts/decomposes

ACCEPT reverse
arguments

(ii) repeat (the investigation) using different / other / more 1

(metal) carbonates

(Total for Question 5 = 12)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 2

M1 all symbols and formulae correct

M2 correctly balanced M2 DEP M1

(ii) lighted splint (produces squeaky) pop 1

(b) (i) 52 (cm3) ALLOW 51.5-52.5 1

(ii) M1 vertical line from 15 cm3 acid to graph line ALLOW extra point drawn 2
at 15 cm3
M2 volume hydrogen from graph multiplied by 2 ALLOW 68-70

OR
M1 vertical line from 30 cm3 acid to graph line ALLOW extra point drawn
at 30 cm3
M2 volume hydrogen from graph ALLOW 68-70

(c) explanation linking 3

M1 more (acid) particles/(hydrogen) ions/H+ in REJECT molecules once

same volume only
ALLOW particles are
closer together

M2 more (successful) collisions per second/unit ACCEPT more frequent

time collisions
IGNORE more
chance/probability of
collision

ALLOW reaction is faster

M3 rate increases /speeds up

MAX 1 if refer to particles

moving faster/having
more energy
6 (d) explanation including 3

M1 (increase/decrease) surface area

M2 increase surface area by using smaller pieces

of zinc

M3 more (successful) collisions per second/unit ACCEPT more frequent

time (so rate increases) collisions
IGNORE more
chance/probability of
collision

M2 M3 ACCEPT reverse
arguments

(Total for Question 6 = 12)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) description including

(formation of ions in lithium chloride involves) 3

ALLOW correct dot-and-
M1 lithium (atom) losing electron cross diagrams for ions
for M1 and M2
M2 chlorine (atom) gaining an electron

(formation of covalent bonds in hydrogen

chloride involves)

M3 sharing a pair of electrons (one electron from ALLOW correct dot-and-

each atom) cross diagram showing
shared pair in hydrogen
chloride for M3
7 (b) explanation including five of the following points: 5

(lithium chloride)

M1 giant (ionic) structure ALLOW giant lattice

M2 strong (electrostatic) forces of attraction ALLOW strong bonds

M3 between oppositely charged ions ACCEPT positive and

negative ions

If any reference to
molecules/atoms/covalent
bonds/intermolecular
forces/metallic bonds
(hydrogen chloride) cannot score M2 M3 M6

M4 simple molecular structure

M5 weak intermolecular forces of attraction ALLOW weak bonds

between molecules

M6 more (heat/thermal) energy needed to

overcome forces/break bonds in lithium chloride
(than intermolecular forces in hydrogen chloride) ACCEPT reverse argument
OWTTE
If description/implication
of breaking covalent
bonds in hydrogen
chloride cannot score M5
M6

(Total for Question 7 = 8)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) explanation linking 2

M1 (molecules/compounds) having same

molecular formulae

M2 but different structural/displayed formulae ALLOW different

structures
ALLOW different
arrangement of atoms

(ii) M1 displayed formula of but-1-ene IGNORE bond angles 2

ALLOW displayed
M2 displayed formula of but-2-ene
formula of
methylpropene
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (b) (i) explanation linking

M1 molecule is unsaturated as contains (carbon to

carbon) double bond 2

M2 molecule not a hydrocarbon as contains ACCEPT does not

oxygen contain hydrogen and
carbon only

(ii) addition 1

(iii)
2

M1 correct repeat unit structure

M2 extension bonds, brackets and n n can be anywhere

after bracket
extension bonds do
not have to go through
brackets
M2 DEP M1 or near
miss
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (c) (i)
M1 calculation of mass of octane 5

M2 calculation of Mr of C8H18 and CO2

M3 link between mass/mol C8H18 and mass/mol

CO2

M4 calculation of mass CO2 in g

M5 calculation of mass CO2 in kg

Example calculation:

M1 50 x 700 = 35000 (g)

M2 Mr of C8H18 = 114 and Mr CO2 = 44

M3 114g C8H18 produces (8 x 44 =) 352 (g) CO2

M4 35000 g C8H18 produces 35000 × 352

114
= 108070.2 (g) CO2 ALLOW 2 sig fig or
more in M4 and M5
M5 = 108 (kg)

Alternative method using mol:

M1 50 x 700 = 35000 (g)

M2 Mr of C8H18 = 114 and Mr CO2 = 44

M3 n (C8H18) = 35000 = 307.0175 mol

114
so n (CO2) = 8 x 307.0175 = 2456.14 mol ALLOW 2 sig fig or
more in M3 M4 and M5
M4 mass CO2 = 2456.14 x 44 = 108070.2 (g)

M5 = 108 (kg) MARK CSQ in both

methods

correct answer without

working scores 5
 (ii) IGNORE greenhouse 1
global warming/climate change effect

(Total for Question 8 = 15)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) to keep out of contact/prevent reaction with ALLOW they react with 1
air/oxygen/water/moisture air/oxygen/water/moisture

(b) (i) similarity: both fizz/move on surface/ produce flame ALLOW both melt/form a 2
ball/produce a gas/
produce hydrogen/form
an alkaline solution

difference caesium: faster/more violent reaction ACCEPT reverse argument

for potassium
ALLOW caesium explodes

(ii) 2Cs + 2H2O  2CsOH + H2 ACCEPT fractions and 2

multiples
M1 all symbols/formulae correct

M2 correctly balanced M2 DEP M1

(c) (i) a lid/cover 1

(ii) explanation linking either

2
M1 stir solution

M2 to obtain more accurate (maximum) temperature ALLOW reference to even

temperature throughout/
heat evenly distributed
OWTTE
OR

M1 measure temperature of sodium hydroxide

M2 to check if different to/same as temperature of ALLOW take an average of

(hydrochloric) acid temperature of sodium
hydroxide and
temperature of
(hydrochloric) acid for 2
marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (d) (i) M1 correct temperature change/T 3

M2 correct substitution into Q = m x c x T

M3 correct evaluation

Example calculation:

M1 T = (26.5 – 19.9) OR 6.6

M2 Q = 100 x 4.2 x 6.6 M2 ECF M1

M3 = 2800 (J) M3 ECF M2

IGNORE any sign

ALLOW 2770, 2772

correct answer without

working scores 3
(ii) M1 answer to M3 from (i) ÷ 0.05 2

M2 correct evaluation in kJ/mol with negative

sign

expected answer

M1 2800 ÷ 0.05 OR 56000 (J) 2770 gives 55400

2772 gives 55440
M2 - 56 (kJ/mol)
negative sign required

ACCEPT -55.4
ACCEPT -55.44
ACCEPT -55

correct answer without

working scores 2

(Total for Question 9 = 13)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) neutralisation ALLOW acid - base 1

(ii) acid donates proton(s)/base accepts proton(s) ALLOW metal oxide for 1
base

(b) (i) description including 5

M1 appropriate use of at least three named pieces

of apparatus

AND any four of the following points

M2 add copper(II) carbonate to (dilute sulfuric)

acid (a spatula/little at a time and stir after each
addition)
ALLOW until no more
M3 until no more effervescence reacts/dissolves
ALLOW until in excess

M4 filter (to remove excess copper(II)

carbonate/to obtain (copper(II) sulfate) solution)

M5 heat/warm filtrate/(copper(II) sulfate) solution

until crystals start to appear (solution saturated)
OWTTE
IGNORE if continue and
M6 filter to obtain (the saturated) solution prepare crystals
instead of saturated
solution
(b) (ii) 3
M1 calculation of actual mass of crystals obtained

M2 division by expected mass of crystals (6.4) and

multiplication by 100 to convert to percentage

M3 correct to 1 dp

Example calculation

M1 (6.40 – 1.80 = ) 4.6(0)

M2 (% yield = ) 4.6 x100 OR 71.875 (%) M2 ECF M1

6.4

M3 = 71.9 (%)
M3 DEP M2
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (c) (i) M1 find percentage of water 3

M2 divide each percentage by Mr to find number

of moles

M3 divide each answer by smallest to find ratio

and value of x

Expected calculation:

M1 (79%) CaSO4 21% H2O

M2 79 (= 0.58) 21 (= 1.17)
136 18

M3 0.58 1.17 =1:2

0.58 0.58

so x = 2 correct answer without

working scores 3

(ii) description including 2

M1 do a flame test ALLOW description of

flame test
M2 orange-red flame

(Total for Question 10 = 15)

Total for paper = 110 marks

Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 2CR
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) (from) solid to liquid 1

(ii) iodine (s)  iodine (g)

1

(b) (diagram showing) particles well spread out with 1

none touching

(c) 2

Statement Tick

the particles only vibrate

the particles do not move

the particles have no gaps between

them

the particles move randomly 

the particles have more energy than 

in ice

the particles have a regular

arrangement

tick in 4th box (1)

tick in 5th box (1)

if more than two ticks deduct 1 mark for each

incorrect tick

(Total for Question 1 = 5)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) (pale/light) yellow 1

(ii) The correct answer is B 1 as bromine is the 1

only liquid at room temperature (20 °C)

A 0 is incorrect because bromine is a liquid at

room temperature (20 °C)

C 2 is incorrect because bromine is the only liquid

at room temperature (20 °C)

D 3 is incorrect because bromine is the only liquid

at room temperature (20 °C)

(iii) At2 1

(b) (i) explanation including 2

M1 oxidising agent is chlorine/Cl2

M2 because chlorine/Cl2 gains electron(s)/is ACCEPT because

reduced bromide ions/Br– lose
electrons/are oxidised
REJECT bromine ions

M2 DEP M1 correct or
missing
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (b) (ii) explanation containing three of following points 3

M1 bromine and chlorine react by gaining

electron/forming 1- or negative ion

M2 bromine atom larger (than chlorine atom) ALLOW bromine has

larger atomic radius
ALLOW bromine outer
(electron) shell further
from nucleus
ALLOW bromine atom
has more (electron)
shells (than chlorine)
M3 bromine (atom) has smaller/weaker attraction
(from nucleus) for (outer shell) electrons (than
chlorine) OWTTE

M4 so (bromine has) less tendency to gain

electron/form negative ion (so less reactive than
chlorine) OWTTE ALLOW reverse
argument for chlorine
in M2 M3 M4

(c) The correct answer is D K+ and Cl– because both 1

have electronic configuration of 2.8.8

A is not correct because Li+ does not have

electronic configuration of 2.8.8

B is not correct because F– does not have

electronic configuration of 2.8.8

C is not correct because neither Li+ nor F– have

electronic configuration of 2.8.8

(Total for Question 2 = 9)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) Explanation including the following points: 4

(metals)
M1 contain delocalised electrons IGNORE free
electrons/sea of
electrons
M2 (which) move/flow/are mobile/are free to
move (through the metal structure) M2 dependent on
mention of electrons
If any mention of
ions/atoms moving
and two from
cannot score M1 M2
(covalent compounds)

M3 contain neutral molecules / molecules with no ALLOW do not contain

overall charge ions

M4 electrons held (tightly) in covalent bonds (so)

ALLOW there are no
delocalised electrons
M5 no electrons free to move (so do not conduct)

If state ions present

cannot score M3 M4
M5

(b) ion(s) ALLOW hydrogen ion/H+ 1

ALLOW chloride ion/Cl_

(c) (i) all points plotted correctly (within half a small 1

square)

(ii) point at (0.4, 25) circled 1

(iii) straight line of best fit through origin drawn with 1

ruler

(iv) explanation linking 2

M1 the volume/reading is less than expected

M2 because the current was less than 0.4A / some ALLOW reading taken
gas escaped/ there was a leak before 5 minutes
1
(v) the greater the current the greater the volume (of ACCEPT directly
gas) proportional
ACCEPT positive
correlation
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (d) (i) (transfer of two/same number of electrons produces) 1
one mole of chlorine/Cl2 and one mole of hydrogen/H2 ALLOW same number
of moles of chlorine/Cl2
and hydrogen/H2
ALLOW molecules for
moles

(ii) chlorine dissolves/soluble in acid/solution ALLOW 1

dissolves/soluble in
water

(Total for Question 3 = 13)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) 2

Name Structural Relative

formula formula
mass

methanol CH3OH 32

ethanol C2H5OH 46 (1)

butanol (1) C4H9OH 74

ALLOW correct names
of isomers

(b) (i) sulfuric acid If oxidation number 1

given must be correct
ALLOW H2SO4
IGNORE reference to
concentration

(ii) from orange to green 1

(c) (i) ethyl ethanoate ALLOW as one word 1

(ii) CH3OH + CH3COOH  CH3COOCH3 + H2O ALLOW displayed 2

formula
M1 CH3COOH

M2 CH3COOCH3

(Total for Question 4 = 7)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) a catalyst is chemically unchanged at the end of ALLOW (provides 1
the reaction alternative route for
reaction of) lower
activation energy

ALLOW not used up in

reaction

(b) description including six of the following points: 6

M1 do experiment using hydrogen peroxide

solution only/without X/Y/Z

M2 use known volume of hydrogen peroxide

solution OWTTE

M3 (and) measure time for certain volume of ALLOW measure time

oxygen gas to be collected OR measure volume of until no more oxygen
gas collected in a certain time period OWTTE produced

M4 repeat using same volume of hydrogen ALLOW amount

peroxide solution

M5 with known mass/amount of solid X (then Y,

then Z)

M6 measure time for same volume of oxygen gas

to be collected OR measure volume of gas
collected in same time period (with solid/X/Y/Z
present)

M7 after reaction (remove solid/X/Y/Z by filtration

and dry) find mass of solid/X/Y/Z /check if mass
unchanged
ALLOW reference to
M8 reference to reduced time (for certain volume increased rate
of oxygen gas to be collected) OR increased
volume of gas (collected in a certain time period)
means X/Y/Z (possible) catalyst (1)
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) M1 labelled profile curve drawn for reaction without catalyst must start from 2
reactants energy level
and end at products
M2 labelled profile curve drawn with lower activation energy energy level
for reaction with catalyst

(d) (i) energy needed= [(4 x 463) + 2(146)] = 2144 Ignore sign 1

(ii) energy released = [(4 x 463)] = 1852 ignore sign 1

(iii) M1 for showing equation linking between 2

(i), (ii), O=O bond energy and H

M2 correct calculation

Example:

M1 [1852+ (O=O)] - 2144 = 204

OR (O=O) = 2144 – 1852 + 204 Mark CSQ on (i) and (ii)

M2 (O=O) = 496 -496 scores 1 mark

(Total for Question 5 = 13)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) pipette ALLOW graduated 1
pipette

(ii) The correct answer is D yellow because 1

methyl orange is yellow in alkaline solution
A is incorrect because methyl orange is not blue in
alkaline solution
B is incorrect because methyl orange is not
orange in alkaline solution
C is incorrect because methyl orange is not red in
alkaline solution

(b) (i) ticks under titration numbers 1, 2 and 4 1

1 2 3 4

20.65 20.60 20.90 20.55

  

(ii) M1 (20 .65 + 20.60 + 20.55) = M1 CSQ on results 2

3 ticked
M2 20.60 M2 CSQ on correct
calculation from M1

Answer to M2 must be
correct to 2dp

20.60 without working

scores 2
20.6 with or without
working scores 1

If no ticks then
only use of 2 or 3
concordant titres can
score M1 and M2 in (ii)

If only one tick

then M2 can be scored
for averaging two or
more titre values
correctly
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) M1 mol (KOH) = 0.0370 x 25 2
1000

M2 = 9.25 x 10 -4 / 0.000925 ALLOW any number of

sig fig except one

If no division by 1000
giving answer of
0.925 award 1 mark

correct answer with no

working scores 2

(ii) M2 from (i) divided by 2

1
expected answer 4.625 x 10 -4
/ 0.0004625 ALLOW any number of
sig fig except one

(iii) M1 answer to (ii) x 1000 2

21.20

M2 correctly evaluated

expected answer if (i) and (ii) correct 0.0218 ACCEPT any number of
sig fig except one
(unless ECF answer is
exactly 1 sig fig)

correct answer with no

working scores 2

(Total for Question 6 = 10)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) M1 use of amount in moles = volume of gas 2
molar volume

M2 correct evaluation

Example calculation

M1 amount in moles = 600

24000

M2 = 0.025 (mol) 0.025 with no working

scores 2
REJECT 0.03 for M2

(b) M1 statement/use of amount in moles = mass

Mr 2

M2 substitution and correct evaluation:

Mr = 1.45 = 58
0.025

(c) molecular formula = C4H10 = (4 x 12) + (10 x 1) = 58 1

OR
alkane general formula = CnH2n+2
so
M1 (nx12) + (2n+2)x1 = 58 so 14n = 56

M2 n =4 so C4H10

1
(d)

(Total for Question 7 = 6)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) NH4Cl + NaOH  NaCl + NH3 + H2O 1

(ii) M1 moist/damp red litmus paper ALLOW moist/damp 2

universal indicator
paper
M2 turns blue

(b) an explanation linking following two points:

M1 forward and backward/reverse reactions are ACCEPT reaction is 2

taking place at same rate taking place in both
directions at same rate

M2 the concentrations of reactants and products REJECT concentrations

remain constant of the reactants and
products are
equal/the same

(c) an explanation linking following two points: 2

M1 as temperature decreases yield of ammonia ALLOW as

(formed in forward reaction) increases temperature decreases
equilibrium position
shifts in forward
direction/(from left) to
right (producing more
ammonia)

IGNORE references to
pressure
ALLOW reverse
arguments

IGNORE references to
M2 so forward reaction is exothermic Le
Chatelier’s Principle

M2 DEP M1

(Total for Question 8 = 7)

Total for Paper = 70 marks

Mark Scheme (Results)

May/June 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1C and Science

(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1C
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a)
ALLOW correct 5
Information Substance formulae

a good conductor of copper

electricity
an element that has a copper
basic oxide
a substance used as a methane
fuel
a major cause of acid sulfur dioxide
rain
a non-metallic element iodine
that is a solid at room
temperature

(b) A description which refers to the following points 2

M1 bubble/add (the gas/carbon dioxide) into ACCEPT calcium

limewater hydroxide

M2 (limewater) turns cloudy/milky ACCEPT white

precipitate

M2 dep on use of
limewater/calcium
hydroxide in M1

Total 7
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) 1 mark for each correct 3
answer
Sub-atomic Relative Relative
particle mass charge

ACCEPT minus one

electron 0.0005 −1 REJECT – unqualified

proton 1 +1 ACCEPT one

ALLOW +1

neutron 1 0 ACCEPT zero/none/ no

charge

1
(ii) nucleus

(b) (i) U 1

(ii) 25 1

(iii) W 1

(iv) Y and Z 1
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (c) • sum of masses multiplied by percentages Correct answer of 20.2 3
• division by 100 with or without working
• answer given to 1 decimal place scores 3

Example calculation

M1 (91.2 x 20) + (8.80 x 22) OR 2017.6 ACCEPT 2018

M2 2017.6 ÷ 100 OR 20.176 ACCEPT 20.18

M3 20.2 OR answer from M2 given to 1d.p.

correct answer without
working scores 3

20.176 and 20.18

without working score 2

2020 scores M1 and M3

20 without working
scores 0

20 with correct working

scores 2

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) diffusion 1

(ii) Any two from ALLOW shake/swirl 2

M1 stir (the mixture) ALLOW any description

of heating
M2 heat (the mixture)

M3 grind the sugar or break into smaller pieces or

increase its surface area

(b) (i) (simple) distillation REJECT fractional 1

distillation
ALLOW distilling
OWTTE

(ii) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 (water/ vapour/ steam / gas) is cooled

M2 and condenses OR in the condenser

Total 6
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) A description including any three of the following M1 and M2 can be 3
scored from a labelled
diagram

M1 pour some solvent into a beaker ALLOW any named

/chromatography tank solvent

M2 place the paper in the solvent so that the food

colourings are above the level of the solvent

M3 leave the paper until the solvent reaches the

level shown in the diagram/ has moved to near the
top of the paper OWTTE

M4 take the paper out and leave to dry

(ii) one/1 1

(iii) (F/it is) insoluble (in the solvent)/ does not dissolve 1
(in the solvent)

(iv) M1 E and H 2

M2 they contain a dye that moved the furthest

(distance up the paper)/ is closest to the solvent
front / has the greatest Rf value
M2 dep on M1

(b) M1 distance moved by solvent = 59-61mm and ALLOW distances in cm 3

distance moved by the dye = 37-41mm e.g. 6cm and 4cm

If paper has been

printed on A4 distances
will be 51-53mm and
33-37mm

M2 distance moved by the dye ÷ distance moved by

the solvent ≈ 0.67

M3 (the dye in food colouring) G

ALLOW alternative
methods

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) 3

molecular formula C 2 H6
name ethane
Penalise incorrect use
empirical formula CH3 of case, superscripts

H H
displayed formula H−C−C−H
H H

(ii) 2C2H6 + 7O2  4CO2 + 6H2O ACCEPT multiples and 1

fractions

(iii) Any two from 2

M1 carbon monoxide/CO

M2 carbon/C ALLOW soot

M3 water (vapour)/steam/H2O IGNORE carbon dioxide

(b) (i) A addition 1

B is incorrect as it is not a decomposition reaction

C is incorrect as no solid precipitate is produced
D is incorrect as it is not a substitution reaction

(ii) Any two from Do not accept displayed 2

formulae of cyclic
M1 alkanes
 ALLOW cis-trans (E/Z)
M2 isomers of but-2-ene for
both marks

M3

(iii) isomers ALLOW isomerism 1

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) If double bond between 2
H CH3 carbon atoms scores 0
I I
C−C
I I
H H n

M1 correct repeat unit

M2 extension bonds, brackets and n after brackets

(ii) A discussion which refers to the following points 3

M1 polymers/poly(propene) will remain in landfill

indefinitely OWTTE

M2 (as they) are inert /unreactive/do not biodegrade

M3 burning produces toxic gases ALLOW burning

produces greenhouse
gases

Total 15
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) Any 3 from 3

M1 effervescence/bubbles/fizzing

M2 moves moves on surface

scores M2 and M3
M3 floats

M4 disappears/gets smaller ALLOW dissolves

M5 vapour trail/steam
IGNORE melts/heat
produced
IGNORE any reference
to indicators

(ii) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 the universal indicator turns purple/blue

M2 (because) OH−/hydroxide ions are present ALLOW an alkaline

solution /an alkali is
produced / a solution
of high pH is formed

(iii) 2Li + 2H2O  2LiOH + H2 ALLOW multiples and 2

fractions

M1 all formulae correct

M2 balancing of correct formulae M2 dep on M1

(b) (i) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 to remove any other ions/chemicals/ impurities/

contaminants/ compounds/substances (that may be on
the wire)

M2 (so that) they do not interfere with/mask the ALLOW (so that) they
colour of the flame do not affect the
result (of the test)
ALLOW (remove
substances) that could
colour the flame
(ii) D yellow 1

A is incorrect as sodium ions do not give a green flame

B is incorrect as sodium ions do not give a lilac flame
C is incorrect as sodium ions do not give a red flame
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) K+ and SO42− 1

(ii) An explanation that links the following four points 4

M1 (potassium sulfate) has a giant (ionic) structure

/lattice

M2 electrostatic attraction between oppositely

charged ions

M3 (ionic bonds or forces / attractions between ions) ionic bonds are strong
are strong scores M3

M4 a large amount of energy is needed to overcome

the forces/break the bonds

Total 15
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i)  magnesium chloride + hydrogen ACCEPT in either order 1

(b) (i) 2

temperature of the acid at 22.4

the start in oC
highest temperature 43.2 ALLOW ECF from
reached in oC incorrect starting
temperature
temperature rise in oC 20.8
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (ii) • substitute correct values into Q = mcΔT Correct answer of 2184 2
• evaluation or 2194 without working
scores 2

Example calculation

M1 Q = 25 x 4.2 x 20.8 ALLOW 25.12g for m

M2 2184 (J) ACCEPT any number of

sig figs except 1
ALLOW ECF from M1

(iii) • find the amount of magnesium in moles 4

• divide Q by n
• convert answer in J/mol to kJ/mol
• answer including sign

Example calculation

M1 n(Mg) = 0.12 ÷ 24 OR 0.005(0)

M2 Q ÷ n OR 2184 ÷ 0.005(0) OR 436,800 (J/mol) ACCEPT use of 2180 or

2200

ALLOW ECF on
incorrect answer to (ii)
and/or M1

M3 436,800 ÷ 1000 OR 436.8 (kJ/mol) ALLOW ECF on

incorrect answer to M2

M4 – 436.8 (kJ/mol) ALLOW ECF on

incorrect answer to M3

Correct answer with

minus sign and without
working scores 4

Correct answer without

minus sign and without
working scores 3

ACCEPT any number of

sig figs except 1
throughout (ii)

-438.8 or-438.9 also

scores 4 (from 5.12g
and 2194J in (ii))

Total 9
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) A description which refers to the following six 6
points

Test for ammonium ions:

M1 add sodium hydroxide (solution) (and warm) ALLOW other alkalis

M2 test the gas with (damp) (red) litmus No M2 or M3 if solution

paper/(damp) universal indicator paper tested with litmus/
universal indicator
paper
M3 (litmus) turns blue /(universal indicator) turns
blue/purple (if ammonium ions are present)

Test for sulfate ions:

M4 add (dilute hydrochloric/nitric) acid M4 and M5 can be in

either order
M5 add barium chloride (solution) /barium nitrate
(solution)

M6 white precipitate (if sulfate ions are present)

No M4 or M6 if sulfuric
acid added
M6 dep on M5
(b) (i) neutralisation ALLOW acid-base OR 1
acid-alkali

(ii) 2NH3 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4 ALLOW multiples 1

(iii) M1 3 bonding pairs correct 2

M2 rest of molecule correct M2 dep on M1

ALLOW any
combination of dots and
crosses

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) carbon dioxide/a gas is given off/escapes REJECT incorrect gas 1

(ii) to prevent acid/ liquid/ solution/ spray from 1

leaving the flask OWTTE

(iii) An explanation that links two of the following 2

M1 (insoluble) calcium sulfate will form

M2 which will form a coating/ layer on the marble

chips

M3 slowing down/ preventing/ stopping the M3 dep on M1 or M2

reaction

(b) (i) An explanation that links the following four points 4

M1 the curve is steep(est) at the start

M2 because the (acid) concentration is high(est) ALLOW there are the

most (acid) particles in
solution

M3 the curve becomes less steep as the solution/ ALLOW the curve
acid is becoming more dilute becomes less steep as
there are fewer acid
particles/particles in
solution
M4 the curve levels off/ stops going up when the
acid has all been used up

IGNORE references to
particles of marble
chips
IGNORE references to
energy

OR

M1 the curve is steep(est) at the start

M2 because the reaction is fast(est) at the start

M3 the curve becomes less steep because the

reaction slows down

M4 the curve levels off/stops going up when the

acid has all been used up
(ii) M1 curve drawn starting at the origin and below the 2
original curve

M2 curve levels off at 0.27 g + or − half a small

square
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (c) An explanation that links the following four points 4

M1 the rate of reaction increases/ the reaction is

faster/ the reaction speeds up

and any three from

M2 because the particles gain (kinetic) energy /move

faster

M3 there are more collisions per unit time

M4 more collisions/particles have energy greater than

the activation energy

M5 more collisions are successful

there are more frequent

successful collisions
scores M3 and M5

Total 14
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) so that the (hot) lead does not react with ACCEPT so that lead is 1
oxygen/air (converting back into lead oxide) not oxidised (back to
lead oxide)

(ii) M1 repeat the heating ACCEPT heat to 2

constant mass for both
M2 until the mass remains constant/ does not marks
change

(b) (i) 4.66 (g) 1

(ii) 0.48 (g) 1

(iii) • calculate the moles of lead and oxygen 4

• divide by the smaller number
• calculate the whole number ratio
• give the empirical formula

Example calculation

M1 4.66 and 0.48 OR 0.0225 and 0.03(00) Division by atomic

207 16 numbers or upside down
calculation scores 0
M2 0.0225 and 0.03(00) OR 1:1.33
0.0225 0.0225

M3 1 x 3 and 1.33 x 3 OR 3:4 3:4 ratio without

working scores 3
M4 Pb3O4
Pb3O4 without working
scores 4

ALLOW ECF from

incorrect masses.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (c) (i) ALLOW any 1
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq)  PbCl2 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) combination of
uppercase and
lowercase letters

(ii) • calculate the amount of PbCl2 3

• multiply the moles by the Mr of PbCl2
• evaluation to show that the value is about 5 g
Example calculation

M1 n(PbCl2) = 0.0370 OR 0.0185 (mol)

2

M2 mass of PbCl2 = 0.0185 x 278 (g) MAX 1 for 0.0370 x 278

if no division by 2 in M1
M3 5.143 (g)
ALLOW any number of
sig figs

5.1, 5.14 and 5.143 g

without working score 3

5 g without working
scores 0

ALLOW alternative
methods

Total 13
Mark Scheme (Results)

May/June 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 2C

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) silicon ALLOW Si 1

(ii) boron ALLOW B 1

(iii) magnesium ALLOW Mg 1

(b) (i) 16 / sixteen 1

(ii) 2.8.3 / 2,8,3 ACCEPT diagram 1

showing correct
electron configuration

ALLOW correct electron

configuration using s
and p notation

(iii) does not (easily) gain/lose/share electrons ALLOW full outer 1

shell/energy level

ALLOW 8 electrons in
outer shell/energy level

Total 6
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) red-brown (coating on nail) ACCEPT orange-brown / 1
brown

ALLOW orange

IGNORE rust colour

IGNORE red alone

(ii) (hydrated) iron(III) oxide/ferric oxide ACCEPT (hydrated) iron 1

oxide

REJECT iron oxide with

incorrect oxidation state

(b) An explanation that links 4 of the following 5 points 4

tube 1

M1 air/oxygen is needed for rusting

M2 boiled water does not contain air/oxygen ALLOW 1 mark for no

air/oxygen present as an
alternative to M1 and M2
M3 oil keeps air/oxygen out

tube 2

M4 water/moisture is needed for rusting

M5 drying agent keeps water/moisture out ALLOW 1 mark for no

water/moisture present
as an alternative to M4
and M5

Total 6
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) fractionating column/ fractionating tower ALLOW fraction(al) column 1
/fraction(al) tower

IGNORE fractional
distillation

(ii) fuel for ships/fuel for power stations 1

2
(iii) M1 fraction A refinery gases

M2 fraction F bitumen

(b) (i) CnH2n + 2 ALLOW x or N in place of n 1

(ii) An explanation that links the following 3 points 3

M1 C12H26 has larger molecules/longer chain/ORA

M2 C12H26 has stronger intermolecular forces/ORA ACCEPT forces between

molecules for
intermolecular forces

ALLOW intermolecular
bonds /bonds between
molecules

M3 more energy is needed to separate the no M2 or M3 if implied that

molecules/ overcome the forces in C12H26 /ORA covalent bonds break

(c) (i) silica/alumina ACCEPT silicon dioxide 1

/aluminium oxide
/SiO2/Al2O3
/aluminosilicates /zeolite

(ii) C12H26  C9H20 + C3H6 1

Total 10
Question number Answer Notes Marks
4 (a) (i) all points plotted correctly to the nearest grid line 1

(ii) point at 50 oC and 17.5 g circled on grid/in table ALLOW ECF from 1
incorrect plotting

(iii) smooth curve of best fit 1

(b) Any two from 2

M1 less than 25 cm3 of water was used ALLOW ECF from

incorrect plotting and
M2 the temperature was less than 50 oC incorrect point circled
for M1 and M2 only
M3 not enough potassium nitrate was added

M4 the solution was not stirred

Question number Answer Notes Marks

4 (c) M1 curve extended to 75 oC 2

M2 correct mass read from graph to the nearest grid expected answer around
line 39 to 40 g

0 marks if curve not

extended

(d) M1 mass at 25 oC read from graph to nearest grid line 2

M2 mass from graph multiplied by 4 expected answer around

44 g

ALLOW ECF from

incorrect plotting

Total 9
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) Any two from: 2

M1 same general formula

M2 each member differs from the next by CH2

M3 same functional group

M4 similar chemical properties/reactions ALLOW same chemical

properties/reactions

M5 trend/steady increase in physical properties ACCEPT named physical

properties e.g. trend in
boiling points

(b) (i) H2SO4 If name and formula 1

given, name must be
correct.

(ii) M1 from orange colours must be in the 2

correct order
M2 to green

(iii) M1 Penalise no bond 2

between O and H once
only

M2
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) A discussion which refers to any six of the following 6
points:

Advantages of fermentation/disadvantages of
hydration

M1 sugar cane can be re-grown/is renewable

M2 crude oil is finite/cannot be replaced/is non-

renewable

M3 fermentation uses lower temperatures so energy

costs are lower/ hydration uses higher
temperatures, so energy costs are higher

M4 fermentation uses lower pressure so energy costs

are lower/ hydration uses higher pressure, so energy
costs are higher

M5 yeast is a natural substance and not harmful/

phosphoric acid is corrosive

Advantages of hydration/disadvantages of
fermentation

M6 hydration is a faster process/ fermentation is a

slower process

M7 hydration gives pure ethanol/ fermentation gives

impure ethanol

M8 growing sugar cane takes up land which could be

used for growing food/rearing livestock

M9 hydration is a continuous process/fermentation

is a batch process

(ii) C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2 ALLOW 2C2H6O for 1

ethanol

ALLOW multiples and

fractions

Total 14
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) (squeaky) pop with lighted splint 1

2
(ii) M1 (damp) litmus paper/ universal indicator

M2 bleached ACCEPT turns white OR

decolourised

ACCEPT (damp) blue

litmus turns red and is
bleached scores M1 and
M2

(b) (i) chloride ions/Cl − lose electrons /electrons are lost ALLOW oxidation state 1
of chlorine increases
/changes from -1 to 0

REJECT chlorine loses

electrons

REJECT reference to
gain of oxygen

(ii) 2H+ + 2e(−)  H2 1

(iii) chlorine is toxic/poisonous 1

1
(iv) (some) chlorine dissolves (in the solution) ALLOW chlorine
dissolves in water
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) An explanation that links two of the following points 2

M1 in solid sodium chloride the ions are not free to

move/are in fixed positions

M2 in molten sodium chloride the ions are mobile

M3 ions/charged particles need to move for current

(to flow) / to conduct electricity
No marks if reference to
mobile electrons

(ii) • calculate the amount, in moles, of NaCl 4

• determine the amount, in moles, of Cl2
• calculate the volume of Cl2
• give the final answer in standard form

Example calculation

M1 23 400 000 OR 400 000

58.5

M2 400 000 OR 200 000 OR answer to M1

2 2

M3 200 000 x 24 OR 4 800 000 (dm3) OR answer to M2 x 24

M4 4.8 x 106 (dm3) OR answer to M3 in

standard form

correct answer in
standard form without
working scores 4

4 800 000 without working

scores 3

9.6 x 106 and 1.92 x 107

score 3

9 600 000 and 19 200 000

score 2

M4 can be awarded for an

answer in standard form
as long as some working
is shown

Total 13
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) M1 X conical flask 3

M2 Y pipette

M3 Z burette

(b) B colourless 1

A is not correct as the colour of phenolphthalein in

phosphoric acid is not blue
C is not correct as phenolphthalein is pink in alkali
not in acid
D is not correct as the colour of phenolphthalein in
phosphoric acid is not red
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (c) (i) ticks in boxes 1, 2 and 4 1

(ii) M1 30.35 + 30.25 + 30.30

) 3

M2 30.30 30.30 without working scores 2

30.3 without working scores 1

If no results ticked then only use of 2 or

3 concordant titres can score both
marks in (ii)

If only one result ticked then M2 can be

scored for averaging two or more titre
values correctly

M1 CQ on results ticked

M2 CQ on correct calculation from M1

Answer to M2 must be correct to 2dp

(d) (i) M1 30.40 x 0.525 If no division by 1000 giving an answer 2

1000 of 15.96 award 1 mark

M2 0.01596 (mol) correct answer without working scores 2

(ii) (0.01596 ÷ 3) = 0.00532 (mol) OR answer to (i) ÷ 3 1

(iii) M1 0.00532 x 1000 OR answer to (ii) x 1000 2

25.0 25.0

M2 0.2128 (mol/dm3) OR answer to M1 evaluated correctly

correct answer without working scores 2

ACCEPT answers to any number of sig

figs except 1 throughout (d)

If no division by 1000 in (i) and no

multiplication by 1000 in (iii) do not
penalise twice

Total 12
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1C and Science

(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1C
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) chromatography 1

(ii) fractional distillation 1

(iii) simple distillation 1

(b) M1 two / different elements ALLOW (two) different 2

atoms

M2 (chemically) joined / bonded together ALLOW a description of

bonding

(c) (i) 4 1

1
(ii) 20
Total for question = 7 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) M1 oxygen / air 2

M2 water

(ii) (hydrated) iron(III) oxide REJECT (hydrated) iron 1

(II) oxide

(iii) C 1
C is the correct answer because rusting involves the
oxidation of iron.
A is not the correct answer because the rusting of
iron is not combustion.
B is not the correct answer because the rusting of
iron is not neutralisation.
D is not the correct answer because the rusting of
iron is not thermal decomposition.

(b) (i) galvanising ALLOW galvanisation 1

IGNORE sacrificial
protection

(ii) M1 zinc is more reactive (than iron) ALLOW zinc is higher in 2

the reactivity series
(than iron)

M2 zinc reacts / oxidises / corrodes REJECT references to

before / instead of iron zinc rusting

(iii) Any two from: 2

painting ALLOW powder coating

plastic coating

oiling / greasing

chromium plating

sacrificial protection

cathodic protection

Total for question = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) solid to liquid melting 3

solid to gas sublimation

liquid to solid freezing

(b) (i) diffusion ALLOW diffusing 1

(ii) Any one from: 1

ammonia travels further (in the same time)

the ammonium chloride / (white) ring / solid forms

further away from the ammonia

the ammonium chloride / (white) ring / solid forms

closer to the hydrochloric acid

(iii) Any one from: 1

gas particles move in random directions

gas particles collide with air particles / each other

gas particles collide with the wall of the tube

Any one from:

1
(iv) eye protection / wear safety glasses / goggles

wear gloves

apron / lab coat

ALLOW put a bung /

cork in both ends
Total for question = 7 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) Any one from: 1

to increase the rate of reaction

to give the particles enough energy to react ALLOW because copper

does not react with
oxygen when copper is
cold
ALLOW so that copper
will react with oxygen

(ii) because Ar does not (readily) gain / lose / share ACCEPT argon has a full 1
electrons outer shell / valence
shell of electrons

(iii) copper(II) oxide ALLOW copper oxide 1

REJECT copper(I) oxide

(b) (i) results are the same (at the end) ALLOW results stop 1
decreasing

(ii) M1 volume oxygen = 20 cm 3 3

M2 total volume = 253 cm3

M3 (20÷253)×100 = 7.9% ALLOW correct

evaluation from M1 and
M2
ALLOW any number of
significant figures
REJECT incorrect
rounding

Correct answer of 7.9%

with or without working
scores 3

(iii) Any one from: 1

there is a leak in the apparatus

temperature was not the same for all readings

the apparatus was not left to cool (to room

temperature)

IGNORE not all oxygen

reacted
Total for question = 8 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) relative mass proton 1 All 4 correct scores 2 2
2 or 3 correct scores 1
relative mass neutron 1

relative charge proton +1

relative charge neutron 0

(b) (i) M1 atoms (of the same element) with the same ALLOW atoms with the 2
number of protons same atomic number
ALLOW atoms with the
same number of
electrons

M2 but different numbers of neutrons ALLOW but different

mass numbers

(ii) M1 number of protons and electrons = 12 2

M2 number of neutrons = 14

(iii) 2

scores 2 marks

M1 multiplies each mass number by the percentages

M2 adds multiples together and divides by 100

(24 x 0.79) + (25 x 0.10)

+ (26 x 0.11) scores
both marks

(iv) M1 24.32÷(6.022×1023) 2

M2 4.039 × 10-23 ALLOW ecf from M1 as

long as answer is given
to 4 sig figs

Correct answer of 4.039

× 10-23 g to 4 sig sigs
scores 2 with or without
working

(c) (moles of MgO) = 0.40 1

Total for question = 11

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) Any three from: 3

M1 sodium (atom) loses electron(s)

M2 oxygen (atom) gains electron(s)

M3 sodium loses 1 electron AND oxygen gains 2

electrons

OR

M3 (both atoms become ions with configuration) 2.8

any mention of sharing

of electrons scores 0

(b) 62 1

(c) Any two from: 2

M1 (sodium oxide has) ions / (giant) ionic structure

M2 ions / electrons cannot flow / move

M3 no delocalised electrons

(d) M1 flame test ALLOW any description 2

of a flame test

M2 yellow colour ALLOW orange or

yellow-orange
M2 dep on M1 or
mention of flame
(e) 2Na2O → 2Na + Na2O2 1

Total for question = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) C 1

C is the correct answer because a precipitate of

calcium sulfate will form in tube 1, no precipitate
will form in tube 2 as both products are soluble in
water and a precipitate of copper(II) carbonate will
form in tube 3.
A, B and D are not the correct answers as no
precipitate will form in tube 2.

(b) (i) white 1

(b) (ii) Any five from: 5

M1 filter

M2 heat/boil (the solution)

M3 to evaporate some of the water ALLOW until crystals

form on the end of a
glass rod
ALLOW until crystals
first start to form
ALLOW until the
solution is saturated

M4 leave / cool (to crystallise) M4 dep on M2

M5 pour off excess liquid OR filter (to obtain M5 dep on crystals

crystals) having been formed

IGNORE references to
washing

M6 suitable method of drying the e.g. place in (warm)

crystals oven / leave to
dry (in warm place) /
use filter
paper / kitchen towel /
/ desiccator

If solution heated to
dryness or
left to evaporate all of
the water
only M1 and M2 can be
awarded.

If method produces
silver chloride only M1
and M6 can be awarded

(iii) any one from: 1

to make sure the silver nitrate and sodium chloride ALLOW so all the
fully reacted reactants react OR so
nothing left unreacted
OR so neither reagent is
in excess

to make sure the products only contained silver

chloride and sodium nitrate

to ensure the highest possible yield

ALLOW to make sure

the sodium nitrate
(crystals) would be pure
ALLOW If either solution
were in excess, it would
contaminate the sodium
nitrate OWTTE
Total for question = 8 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) A 1

(ii) C 1

(iii) propene 1

(iv) M1 same molecular formula 2

M2 different structural / displayed formulae

(b) (i) CH3Br + HBr ALLOW balanced 1
equations for multiple
substitutions

(ii) substitution 1

(c) (i) M1 37.8÷12, 6.3÷1, 55.9÷35.5 3

M2 3.15, 6.3, 1.57 M2 subsumes M1

M3 divide by smallest to get 2:4:1

OR

M1 Mr of C2H4Cl = 63.5

M2 24/63.5 x 100 and 4/63.5 x 100 and 35.5/63.5

x100

M3 37.8% and 6.3% and 55.9% M3 must be calculated

(ii) M1 127÷63.5=2
2
M2 Molecular formula = C4H8Cl2

Answer of C4H8Cl2
without working scores
2
(d) (i) 2

M1 two carbon atoms both with 2 H atoms

M2 two carbon atoms both with 1 H atom and 1 CH3

group and nothing attached to the joining bonds
Marks are independent

(ii) Any one from: 1

 landfill sites are getting full

toxic / greenhouse gases are produced when burned

Total for question = 15 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) M1 to prevent acid splashing out OR IGNORE solid leaving 2
so only (carbon dioxide) gas leaves the flask the flask
REJECT prevents gas
escaping

M2 so the decrease in mass is close to the actual

value OR so that the decrease in mass is only due to
the gas

(b) M1 CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2

M2 H2O(l) + CO2(g)

(c) (i) the hydrochloric acid has all reacted 1

1
(ii) mass stays the same / stops decreasing ALLOW effervescence /
fizzing stops
ALLOW the curve levels
off

(iii) M1 0.98
2
M2 (0.98÷44) = 0.022 ALLOW any number of
significant figures
REJECT incorrect
rounding
ALLOW M1÷44

Correct answer of 0.022

moles with or without
working scores 2 marks

(iv) M1 tangent shown on graph

3
M2 method of calculating gradient
(change in y ÷ change in x)

M3 rate of reaction in g/s ALLOW ECF from M2

Answer of 0.005 – 0.006

with a tangent shown
on the graph scores 3
with or without other
working.
 Answer of 0.015g/s (the
average rate of reaction
for the first 60s scores
1)

(d) (i) M1 the rate of reaction increases as the percentage 2

concentration increases

M2 the rate of reaction is (directly) proportional to M2 subsumes M1

the percentage concentration

(ii) M1 change in number of particles (per unit volume) ALLOW particles are 2
closer together or
further apart

M2 change in collisions per unit time ALLOW change in

frequency of collisions
REJECT increased /
changed energy / speed
Total for question = 15 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) 2

ALLOW dots, crosses or

any combination.

M1 6 bonding electrons

M2 2 non-bonding electrons on each atom M2 dep on M1

(ii) M1 shared pair(s) of electrons

2
M2 attracted to (two) nuclei REJECT nucleus. Must
be plural for M2.
M2 dep on mention of
electrons in M1

(b) (i) diamond 1

4
(ii) Any four from:

M1 graphite is giant covalent ALLOW giant structure

if M2 is scored
REJECT molecules of
graphite

M2 (in melting graphite) covalent bonds are ALLOW description of

broken covalent bonds

M3 (C60) (simple) molecular structure ALLOW molecules of C60

M4 (in melting C60) intermolecular forces (of ALLOW breaking bonds

attraction) are overcome in C60 if intermolecular
forces clearly
mentioned
M4 subsumes M3

M5 more energy is needed to break covalent bonds

(in graphite) than intermolecular forces (in C60)

Mention of
intermolecular forces in
graphite no M2 or M5
 Mention of breaking
covalent bonds in C60 no
M4 or M5

Total for question = 9 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) (i) M1 add anhydrous copper sulfate ALLOW add white 2
copper sulfate

M2 turns (from white) to blue M2 dep on copper

sulfate in M1

ALLOW

M1 add anhydrous /
blue cobalt chloride

M2 turns (from blue) to

pink

M2 dep on cobalt
chloride in M1

(ii) M1 measure the boiling point / freezing point ALLOW boil it or freeze 2
it
M2 100 °C / 0°C
Value must match
property

(b) M1 mass of hydrated zinc sulfate = 54.46-41.64 OR 5

12.82 g

M2 Moles of hydrated zinc sulfate = 12.82÷287 OR ALLOW M1÷287

0.0447

M3 Moles H2O = 0.0447×7 OR 0.313 ALLOW M2×7

M4 Mass H2O = 5.63 g ALLOW M3×18

M5 Volume H2O 5.6 cm3 Must be 1dp

ALLOW M4 to 1dp

Correct answer of 5.6

cm3 to 1dp with or
without working scores
5 marks

(c) (i) 1.7 ALLOW 2 or more 1

significant figures
REJECT incorrect
rounding

(ii) M1 stand the measuring cylinder in a beaker of ice ALLOW any way of 2
cooling the measuring
OR
 cylinder or delivery
tube
M1 replace the delivery tube with a (Liebig)
condenser ALLOW add a condenser
IGNORE add a stopper /
bung

M2 less water / water vapour / steam lost ALLOW more water

(vapour) / steam
condenses
ALLOW less water
evaporates
Total for question = 12
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 2C

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) M1 a compound/substance/molecule containing no M1 if reference to 2
hydrogen/H and carbon/C (atoms) element containing C
and H OR C and H
molecules

M2 only M2 dep on M1 or near

miss

(ii) ethene has a double bond 1

(b) A colourless 1

A is the only correct answer because alkenes such

as ethene react with bromine water forming a
colourless solution
B is not correct as bromine water is orange before
it reacts with ethene
C is not correct as the solution produced is not
purple
D is not correct as the solution produced is not red

(c) (i) temperature = 300°C ACCEPT any value or 2

range of values
between 250 and
350°C If no unit given
assume it is Celsius

ACCEPT equivalent
temperatures in other
units provided the
unit is given
pressure = 60-70 atmospheres
ACCEPT any value or
range of values
between 60 and 70
atm If no unit given
assume it is atm

ACCEPT equivalent
pressures in other
units provided the
unit is given

(ii) C2H6O IGNORE size of 1

numbers

REJECT C2H5OH

Total for question = 7

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) D nitrogen 1

D is the only correct answer as nitrogen is the most

abundant gas in unpolluted air.
A is not correct as there are only trace amounts of
hydrogen in unpolluted air.
B is not correct as there are only trace amounts of
methane in unpolluted air.
C is not correct as there are only trace amounts of
neon in unpolluted air.

(ii) C 21% 1

C is the only correct answer as the percentage of

oxygen in the air is 21%
A is not the correct answer as the percentage of
oxygen in the air is not 0.04%
B is not the correct answer as the percentage of
oxygen in the air is not 0.9%
D is not the correct answer as the percentage of
oxygen in the air is not 35%

(b) (i) 2
cracking an alkane

complete combustion of
✔
an alkane

reaction between magnesium and

hydrochloric acid

rusting of iron

thermal decomposition of
✔
copper(II) carbonate
(ii) Any one from: ALLOW greenhouse 1
effect

M1 global warming ALLOW an effect of

global warming/climate
M2 climate change change e.g. wildfires/
melting of polar ice
caps/flooding
(iii) argon 1

(c) (i) nitric acid ALLOW HNO3/ nitrous 1

acid /HNO2

(ii) sulfur dioxide ALLOW SO2 1

ALLOW other oxides of

nitrogen

Total for question = 8

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) M1 working shown on graph 2

M2 56 (°C) ALLOW any value

between 56 and 57
inclusive.

(ii) M1 31-13 2

M2 18 (g) ALLOW ecf if one

incorrect reading in
M1

correct answer of
18g with or without
working scores 2

(b) (i) 5.1 (g) 1

(ii) 15 (g) 1

(iii) M1 5.1÷15 OR 0.34 (g) OR answer to (i) ÷ answer to (ii) 2

M2 34 (g) OR answer to M1 × 100

correct answer of 34
(g) with or without
working scores 2

(iv) Any one from 1

M1 (hydrated) copper(II) sulfate would become ALLOW the

anhydrous copper sulfate (hydrated) crystals
would decompose
M2 (hydrated) copper(II) sulfate would lose water
Total for question = 9
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) Any two from: 2

M1 sodium moves (on the surface)

M2 sodium turns into a sphere/ball ALLOW sodium melts

M3 effervescence ALLOW fizzing / bubbles

M4 sodium gets smaller ALLOW sodium

disappears / dissolves
M5 white trail seen
IGNORE references to a
flame

(ii) blue / purple IGNORE qualifiers 1

ALLOW violet/lilac

(b) (i) same number of electrons/one electron in the outer ALLOW same number of 1
shell. valence electrons/one
valence electron

(ii) M1 lithium (atom) has a smaller atomic radius ALLOW lithium is 3

smaller (atom)/lithium
(atom) has fewer shells
/energy levels

ALLOW outer electron

in lithium (atom) is
closer to the nucleus
M2 the outer shell electron is more strongly
attracted to the nucleus OWTTE

M3 so is less easily lost

ALLOW reverse
argument for sodium

(c) M1 amount lithium = 0.150 ÷ 7 OR 0.0214 mol penalise 1 sig fig in M1 4

M2 amount hydrogen = 0.0107 mol ALLOW M1÷2

ALLOW 2 or more sig

figs in answers to M1
M3 254 ÷ 0.0107 and M2

M4 23,738 ALLOW 2 or more sig

figs if all working shown

correct answers in the

range 23,707 to 24,910
cm3 to 3 or more
significant figures,
without working scores
4 marks.
Total for question = 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) A description that refers to any five of the following 5
points

M1 add hydrogen peroxide to the conical flask and

add catalyst

M2 start the timer

M3 record volume of gas produced in a given time/

record the time for certain volume of gas to be
produced

M4 repeat with same mass of a different catalyst

M5 and with same volume of hydrogen peroxide

M6 plot the results on a graph and calculate

gradient (for each catalyst)

M7 the most effective catalyst gives the fastest rate

of reaction OWTTE

(b) (i) M1 a vertical line from the level of the hydrogen the line does not need 2
peroxide to the top of the curve labelled activation an arrow head
energy or Ea
ALLOW double headed
arrow

REJECT arrow pointing

down

M2 a vertical line from the level of the hydrogen ALLOW double headed
peroxide to the level of the water and oxygen arrow
labelled enthalpy change or ΔH
REJECT arrow pointing
up

(ii) curve starting from hydrogen peroxide level, below 1

the peak of the original curve, and ending at water
and oxygen level

Total for question = 8

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) all points plotted ± half a square 1

(ii) curved line of best fit 1

(iii) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 curve shows increasing mass (of negative

electrode) because (more) copper deposits/forms

M2 line becomes horizontal because there are no ALLOW line becomes

more copper(II) ions left in the solution/ all the horizontal as there is no
copper has been deposited/formed OWTTE copper sulfate solution
left
(b) (i) A description that refers to two of the following 2
points

M1 fill a test tube/measuring cylinder with copper ALLOW fill a test tube/
sulfate solution measuring cylinder with
water
M2 place the tube over the positive electrode

M3 collect gas/oxygen by displacement of

solution/water

(ii) 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e(-) 2

M1 all formulae correct

M2 correct balancing of correct formulae M2 dep on M1

OR

4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e(-)

M1 all formulae correct

M2 correct balancing of correct formulae M2 dep on M1

(c) (i) M1 layers (of atoms or ions) ALLOW sheets/rows 2

M2 can slide over one another M2 dep on M1

ALLOW atoms/ions slide
over each other for M2

(ii) M1 delocalised electrons IGNORE sea of electrons 2

/free electrons

M2 are free to move (throughout the structure) M2 dep on mention of

electrons in M1

0 marks if reference to
ions moving
Total for question = 12
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) REJECT any other atoms 1
in the ring.

1
(ii) ethyl ethanoate ALLOW ethylethanoate

ALLOW ethyl acetate

(iii) M1 add a metal such as magnesium, aluminium, must be a named metal 2

zinc or iron REJECT Group 1 metals

M2 effervescence/bubbles/fizzing ACCEPT test gas with

lighted splint which
pops

M2 dep on reference to
adding a metal
OR

M1 add a carbonate ACCEPT any named

carbonate
M2 effervescence/bubbles/fizzing
ACCEPT test gas with
limewater which goes
cloudy/milky

M2 dep on M1

(b) M1 C-O and one / two O-H bonds are broken and ALLOW the same bonds 2
formed are broken and formed

M2 so the same amount of energy is needed to ALLOW energy of bonds

break the bonds in the reactants as is given off formed equals energy of
when the bonds in the products are formed bonds broken

(c) (i) M1 the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate 2
of the backward reaction

M2 the concentrations of reactants and products REJECT concentration

remain constant of the reactants and
products are the same

(ii) M1 a catalyst increases the rate of forward and 2

backward reactions

M2 equally M2 dep on M1
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (d) 3
example calculation

M1 moles barium hydroxide = (0.150 × 22.75)÷ 1000 M1 needs to be given to

OR 0.0034125 at least 3 sig figs

M2 moles ethanoic acid = 0.006825 ALLOW M1 × 2

M3 moles ethanoic acid to 3 significant figures = ALLOW answer to M2 to

0.00683 3 significant figures.

correct answer of
0.00683 moles with or
without working scores
3 marks

ACCEPT answer in
standard form

ACCEPT 0.00682 if M1
given to 3 sig figs

6.83 with or without

working scores 2 marks

(e) 2
correct answer scores 2 marks ALLOW structure
without extension bonds

IGNORE brackets and n

and + H2O

M1 three carbons from the dicarboxylic acid and two

from the diol and the ester linkage

M2 -OH lost from the dicarboxylic acid and -H lost ALLOW -OH lost from
from the diol diol and -H lost from
dicarboxylic acid

Total for question = 15

Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1CR and Science

(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1CR
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) C red is correct because litmus indicator in an 1
acidic solution is red

A is incorrect because litmus indicator in an acidic

solution is not blue
B is incorrect because litmus indicator in an acidic
solution is not orange
D is incorrect because litmus indicator in an acidic
solution is not yellow

1 (b) C7 is correct because the pH value of a 1

neutral solution is 7

A is incorrect because the pH value of a neutral

solution is not 0
B is incorrect because the pH value of a neutral
solution is not 4
D is incorrect because the pH value of a neutral
solution is not 14

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (c) D is correct because a solution with a pH value 1
of 9 is weakly alkaline

A is incorrect because a solution with a pH value of

9 is not strongly acidic
B is incorrect because a solution with a pH value of 9
is not strongly alkaline
C is incorrect because a solution with a pH value of 9
is not weakly acidic

1 (d) A is correct because HNO3 is the chemical 1

formula of an acid
B is incorrect because H2O is not the chemical
formula of an acid
C is incorrect because NaCl is not the chemical
formula of an acid
D is incorrect because NaOH is not the chemical
formula of an acid
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (e) neutralisation ALLOW exothermic 1

1 (f) M1 potassium chloride ACCEPT in either order 2

M2 water ALLOW correct

chemical formulae

Total for Question 1 = 7 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) (solute is) the substance/solid that dissolves (in a 1
solvent) OWTTE

(ii) (solvent is) the substance/liquid the 1

solute/solid/substance dissolves in OWTTE

(b) M1 (saturated solution) contains as much dissolved 2

solute/solid/substance as possible OWTTE

M2 at a particular temperature

(c) M1 process called diffusion 2

M2 particles spread out (evenly throughout

water/solution/liquid) ALLOW particles move
from area of high
concentration to area of
low concentration

Total for Question 2 = 6 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) M1 (same) solvent ALLOW (same) named solvent 2
eg water

M2 (same type of chromatography) paper IGNORE reference to

size/length of paper

ALLOW reference to use of

pencil (for start line)/spots
must start on horizontal line
/solvent must start below line
or spots
ALLOW same distance
travelled by solvent

IGNORE distance of line from

bottom of paper
IGNORE
amount/volume/concentration
of solvent /references to
size/volume of dyes or spots
/references to
temperature/time

3 (b) (i) C is insoluble (in the solvent) 1

(ii) M1 Student 2 and dye D/(Rf value) 1.20

2
M2 because Rf value must be less than 1 / cannot be ALLOW spot cannot move
greater than 1 further than solvent front
OWTTE

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (c) M1 (Rf =) 9.7 3
12

M2 = 0.808(33..) 0.808(33..) with no

working scores M1 and
M2

ALLOW M2 ECF if used

10.7 or 13 and Rf < 1

ALLOW 1 mark for

12 = 1.2(37..)
9.7

M3 = 0.81 (to 2 SF) ALLOW M3 ECF M2

(must be correct to 2
SF)

0.81 with no working

scores 3

Total for Question 3 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) number of protons (in nucleus of atom) IGNORE references to 1
electrons

4 (b) (i) D 29 is correct because mass number = total 1

number of protons and neutrons = 14 + 15 = 29

A is incorrect because 14 is the number of protons

B is incorrect because 15 is the number of neutrons
C is incorrect because 28 is the number of protons +
the number of electrons
4 (b) (ii) M1 (group) 4 2

M2 because 4 electrons in outer shell ALLOW electronic

configuration is 2.8.4

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

4 (c) M1 (32 x 95.0) + (33 x 0.75) + (34 x 4.25) 3

100

OR (3040) + (24.75) + (144.5)

100

M2 = 32.0925 32.09(25) with no

working scores 2
ALLOW 1 mark for
3209.25
ALLOW M2 ECF M1 if
minor error in
calculation using all 3
isotopes
M3 = 32.1 (1 dp)
correct answer to 1 dp
with or without working
scores 3

ALLOW M3 ECF M2
(must be correct to 1
dp)

Total for Question 4 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (good) conductors of electricity / malleable ACCEPT (good) 1
conductors of
heat/ductile/have basic
oxides/hydroxides

ALLOW high density/

high melting point/
sonorous/shiny/hard/
strong

5 (b) M1 (in mercury) particles can move/flow OWTTE IGNORE references to 2

spacing/gaps between
particles / energy of
particles

M2 (in solid metal) particles do not move /are in ACCEPT particles

fixed positions vibrate (about fixed
position)

5 (c) (i) (bright) white flame ALLOW white light 1

ACCEPT white
solid/ash/powder
(formed)

5 (c) (ii) (product/magnesium oxide is) basic / a base ALLOW 1

(product/magnesium
oxide) neutralises acid /
dissolves in/reacts with
acid /(produces) alkali
(when added to water)

REJECT if incorrect
product given

5 (d) (i) magnesium/sulfur would react with/ burn in oxygen ACCEPT magnesium 1
oxide (not magnesium
sulfide) would be
formed
ALLOW sulfur dioxide
would be formed

5 (d) (ii) M1 magnesium (atom) loses two electrons two electrons 3

transferred from
M2 sulfur (atom) gains two electrons (from magnesium (atom) to
magnesium) sulfur (atom) scores M1
and M2
M3 charge on magnesium (ion) 2+/Mg2+ AND charge
on sulfur/sulfide (ion) 2-/ S2-
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (d) (iii) M1 strong (electrostatic) force of attraction ALLOW strong ionic 3
bonds but
No M1 or M2 if between
atoms/molecules or any
reference to
intermolecular forces /
covalent bonds

M2 between magnesium ions/Mg2+ and ACCEPT between

sulfide ions/S2- ions oppositely charged ions

ACCEPT between
positive and negative
ions

M3 large amount/lot of (heat/thermal) energy ACCEPT large

needed to overcome forces/attraction amount/lot of
(heat/thermal) energy
needed to break the
bonds
IGNORE more energy

No M3 if reference to
overcoming / breaking
intermolecular forces /
covalent bonds

5 (d) (iv) MgS + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2S IGNORE state symbols 2

M1 all formulae correct

M2 correctly balanced
M2 DEP M1

ACCEPT multiples and

fractions

Total for Question 5 = 14 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) 136 1

6 (b) M1 simplest (whole number) ratio of atoms present ALLOW elements for 2
(in a compound) atoms

M2 empirical formula (of ocimene/C10H16) is C5H8 ALLOW C : H ratio 5:8

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) unsaturated hydrocarbon because 3

M1 contains (carbon to carbon) double bond(s)

M2 contains carbon and hydrogen (atoms) REJECT molecules

M3 only M3 DEP on mention of

carbon and hydrogen

6 (d) (i) A addition 1

B is incorrect because the type of reaction between

an alkene and bromine is addition not
polymerisation

C is incorrect because the type of reaction between

an alkene and bromine is addition not precipitation

D is incorrect because the type of reaction between

an alkene and bromine is addition not substitution

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (d) (ii) ocimene contains more than one double bond 1
/three double bonds
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (e) 2
C10H16 + 14 O2  10 CO2 + 8 H2O

M1 CO2 + H2O ACCEPT in either order

M2 correctly balanced M2 DEP M1

ACCEPT multiples or
fractions
6 (f) (i) M1 carbon/C/soot ACCEPT M1 M2 in 2
either order
M2 carbon monoxide/CO

(ii) (carbon monoxide/CO) reduces capacity of blood to ACCEPT correct 1

carry oxygen OWTTE references to
haemoglobin /
carboxyhaemoglobin

Total for Question 6 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

7 (a) M1 breaking up/down of a compound/substance REJECT elements 2

OWTTE

M2 by heat(ing) REJECT any

references to heat
being given
out/exothermic

(b) examples of calculation of maximum mass of K2CO3 4

M1 Mr of KHCO3 = 100 AND Mr of K2CO3 = 138

M2 200 g KHCO3 produces 138 g K2CO3

M3 2.50 g KHCO3 produces 138 x 2.50 =

200
M4 1.725 (g K2CO3)
ALLOW 2 or more SF

M2 M3 M4 ECF M1

correct answer with

or without working
scores 4
OR

M1 Mr of KHCO3 = 100 AND Mr of K2CO3 = 138

M2 amount KHCO3 = 2.50 = 0.025 (mol)

100

M3 amount K2CO3 = 0.025 = 0.0125 (mol)

2

M4 mass K2CO3 (= 0.0125 x 138) = 1.725 (g) ALLOW 2 or more SF

M2 M3 M4 ECF M1

correct answer with

or without working
scores 4

3.45/3.46/3.5/6.9
scores 3

Total for Question 7 = 6 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g) 1

all state symbols correct

8 all
clip (b) all points correctly plotted (within +/- half a 1
with (i) square)
graph

(ii) circle around point at 6 min 1

(iii) smooth curve of best fit 1

(iv) student took reading too soon/before 6 min 1

(v) mass from graph at 6 min 1

IGNORE UNITS

8 (c) (i) M1 curve becomes less steep /gradient decreases 2

(as time increases)

M2 so rate of reaction decreases M2 DEP M1

(ii) the (sulfuric) acid was in excess OWTTE ALLOW not all (sulfuric) 1
acid reacted
ALLOW zinc was
limiting reagent
ALLOW zinc was not in
excess
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (d) M1 magnesium (more reactive than zinc so) would REJECT reference to 3
make reaction faster/increase the rate different surface area

M2 less concentrated acid would make reaction REJECT references to

slower/decrease the rate differences in
energy/speed of
particles

M3 (so) difficult/impossible to know whether rate ALLOW

will increase or decrease overall OWTTE difficult/impossible to
know which change has
greater effect OWTTE

ALLOW idea of
difficult/impossible to
predict (overall) effect
of changing two factors
at same time OWTTE

ALLOW idea of
difficult/impossible to
know if changes cancel
each other out OWTTE

8 (e) M1 at higher temperature particles have more ACCEPT more particles 3

(kinetic) energy have the required
activation energy
ALLOW particles move
faster

M2 more (successful) collisions per unit time ALLOW more frequent

(successful) collisions

M3 rate of reaction increases

Total for Question 8 = 15 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) M1 copper(II) carbonate is green IGNORE is not white/is 2
a different colour
M2 copper(II) carbonate is insoluble/cannot form a
solution OWTTE

9 (b) Description including six of following points 6

(Test for potassium ions)

M1 flame test ALLOW description of

flame test
M2 lilac flame

(Test for carbonate ions)

M3 add acid (to mixture of solids/solution) ALLOW any named

acid
IGNORE references to
concentration

M4 (pass/bubble) gas/carbon dioxide into limewater M4 DEP on M3

M5 which goes cloudy/milky / white ppt forms

M5 DEP on mention of
limewater
(Test for iodide ions)

M6 (add dilute nitric acid followed by) silver nitrate

(solution)

M7 yellow ppt/solid

M7 DEP on mention of
silver nitrate
Total for Question 9 = 8 marks
Question number Answer Notes Marks
10 (a) contain water of crystallisation /are hydrated 1

10 (b) (i) 3.18g 1

(ii) 3.78g 1

(iii) calculation with following steps 3

M1 calculate moles of Na2CO3

M2 calculate moles of H2O

M3 divide each by smaller to obtain ratio 1 : 7

example calculation:

M1 3.18 = 0.03 ALLOW ECF from (i)

106

M2 3.78 = 0.21 ALLOW ECF from (ii)

18

M3 0.03 : 0.21 =1 : 7
0.03 0.03

Alternative method:

M1 (If formula is Na2CO3.7H2O products will form in

ratio) 106 g Na2CO3 : 126 g H2O

M2 so mass of water that forms with 3.18 g Na2CO3

should = (126 x 3.18)
106

M3 = 3.78 g so formula is correct

(c) (i) explanation including 2

M1 not heated crystals (for long) enough

M2 so not all water removed/evaporated OWTTE

(ii) M1 repeat heating (and cooling) 2

ALLOW heat for longer
M2 until constant mass OWTTE

Total for Question 10 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) Award 1 mark each for any six of the following: 6

Method 1

M1 polystyrene (insulator so) reduces/prevents heat

loss (to atmosphere) OWTTE

M2 no lid so heat/thermal energy will be lost (to

atmosphere)

M3 stirring will ensure even temperature / more ALLOW references to

accurate (highest) temperature OWTTE heat/thermal energy
evenly spread
(throughout solution)
OWTTE

IGNORE references to
increases rate of
reaction
M4 no lid so possibility of spillage
OR
polystyrene cup (containing thermometer)
unstable/may fall over OWTTE

Method 2

M5 glass bottle poor insulator so heat/thermal

energy loss occurs OWTTE

M6 bung helps reduce/prevent heat/thermal energy

loss (to atmosphere)

M7 bung so no spillage

M8 cannot stir so cannot ensure even temperature /

ALLOW references to
cannot ensure accurate (highest) temperature
heat /thermal energy
OWTTE
not evenly spread
(throughout solution)
OWTTE
11 (b) M1 0.025 mol CuSO4 reacts with 0.025 mol Zn ALLOW reference to 1:1 2
molar ratio or (only)
0.025 mol Zn needed

M2 mass Zn needed = 0.025 x 65 = 1.625 g M2 subsumes M1

(3g > 1.625g so having 3g Zn is excess)

OR

M1 0.025 mol CuSO4 reacts with 0.025 mol Zn ALLOW reference to 1:1
molar ratio or (only)
0.025 mol Zn needed
M2 3g Zn = 3 = 0.046 mol
65

(0.046 > 0.025 so having 3g Zn is excess)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (c) (i) M1 calculation of temperature rise 3

M2 correct substitution into Q = m x 4.2 x temp rise

M3 correct evaluation of Q

Example calculation

M1 (40.6 – 21.1) OR 19.5

M2 Q = 50 x 4.2 x 19.5

M3 = 4100 (J) ALLOW 4095

IGNORE sign

(ii) M1 answer to (i) ÷ 0.025 ACCEPT use of 4000 3

M2 correct evaluation in J

M3 correct conversion to kJ and minus sign

Example calculation

M1 4095 ÷ 0.025

M2 = 163 800 (J) ACCEPT 160 000/

164 000
M3 = −160 kJ
ACCEPT −163.8/−164

160/163.8/164 scores 2

11 (d) M1 Zn/zinc is oxidised because loses electrons 2

M2 Cu2+/copper ions reduced because gains

electrons

Total for Question 11 = 16 marks

Total for paper = 110 marks

Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 2CR

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) M1 oxygen ALLOW air 2

M2 water / water vapour ALLOW moisture

ALLOW answers in
either order

(b) (i) iodine 1

(ii) methane 1

(iii) gold 1

Total 5

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) M1 heated ALLOW boiled 3
IGNORE
vapourised/evaporated

M2 fractionating ACCEPT fractional

distillation

M3 boiling point(s) ACCEPT boiling

temperature(s)
IGNORE melting
point(s)/low density
1
(b) road surfacing / roofing ALLOW roads

(c) (i) pentane 1

(ii) (Mr = 5 x 12 + 12 x 1 =) 72 1
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (d) M1 alumina / silica ACCEPT aluminium 2
oxide / silicon dioxide /
Al2O3 / SiO2 / zeolite(s)
/ aluminosilicate(s)

M2 any temperature in the range 600 – 700 oC

inclusive

(e) (C10H22  C4H10) + C2H4 + C4H8 alkenes can be in either 2

order

M1 C2H4

M2 C4H8 ALLOW 1 mark for

C6H12 / 2C3H6
/ C3H6 + C3H6

ALLOW correct
displayed formulae

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) A description that includes six of the following 6
points

M1 use the pipette to add (25 cm3 of) potassium

hydroxide (solution) to the (conical) flask

M2 add a few drops of methyl orange (to the

flask)

M3 add sulfuric acid to the burette and record ALLOW fill burette with
the initial burette reading sulfuric acid to “0” mark

M4 add sulfuric acid (from the burette) to the ALLOW shaking (gently) /
flask, swirling (continuously) stirring

M5 until the (methyl orange) indicator turns

red/orange

M6 take the final burette reading and find ALLOW take final burette
volume of acid added (by finding difference reading only if previously
between initial and final burette readings) filled burette to “0” mark

M7 repeat (the titration) adding the acid ACCEPT repeat (the

dropwise near the end-point / repeat (the titration) to obtain results
titration) to obtain concordant results within 0.2 cm3 of each
other

(b) (i) M1 0.0250 x 0.240 OR 25.0 x 0.240 correct answer without 2

1000 working scores 2

M2 0.006(00) If no division by 1000

giving an answer of 6
award 1 mark

(ii) (0.006 ÷ 2 =) 0.003 ALLOW ECF from (i) 1

(iii) M1 0.003(00) x 1000 2

15.00

M2 0.2(00) ALLOW ECF from (ii)

correct answer without

working scores 2

answer to (ii) ÷ 15.00

scores 1

do not penalise not

multiplying by 1000 in (iii)
if they have not divided by
1000 in (i)

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) 3

1 mark for each correct

structural CH3COOH
answer
formula

name ethanoic acid

ALLOW acetic acid

empirical CH2O
formula

Must show O-H bond

displayed
formula

(b) (i) M1 potassium dichromate(VI) VI not essential for the 2

mark
ACCEPT sodium
dichromate(VI)
ALLOW K2Cr2O7

M2 (dilute) sulfuric acid ALLOW concentrated

sulfuric acid
ALLOW H2SO4

ACCEPT reagents in
either order

(ii) B orange to green 1

A is incorrect as the colour does not change from

green to orange
C is incorrect as the colour does not change from
red to yellow
D is incorrect as the colour does not change from
yellow to red
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (c) (i) alcohols are flammable/might catch fire/might ignite ACCEPT esters/mixture 1
are/is flammable/might
catch fire/might ignite

ALLOW alcohol/ester/
carboxylic acid might
evaporate

(ii) C methyl propanoate 1

A ethyl methanoate is not the correct name of the

compound
B methyl ethanoate is not the correct name of the
compound
D propyl methanoate is not the correct name of the
compound

Total 8
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) (produces) acid rain ALLOW any detrimental 1
effect of acid rain e.g.
kills fish, damages
limestone buildings

(ii)  M1 find moles of sulfur 3

 M2 multiply moles by 24
 M3 answer in standard form

Example calculation

M1 6.4 x 106 ÷ 32 OR 2.0 x 105 / 200 000

M2 2.0 x 105 x 24 / 200 000 x 24 / 4 800 000 ALLOW ECF as long as an

attempt has been made
to calculate moles

M3 4.8 x 106
Correct answer without
working scores 3

4 800 000 (dm3) without

working scores 2

(b) (i) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 provides an alternative (reaction) pathway/route

M2 with a lower activation energy OWTTE

ACCEPT so more
particles/collisions have
energy greater than the
activation energy

ALLOW lowers the energy

needed to start the
reaction

(ii) fewer moles (of gas) on RHS (than on (LHS) ALLOW 3 moles (of gas) 1
on LHS and 2 moles (of)
gas on RHS
ALLOW fewer moles of
product/SO3 (gas) (than
of reactants/SO2 and O2
(gas))

ALLOW molecules in
place of moles
IGNORE references to
rate

(iii) as yield is approximately 98% /very high (it is not ALLOW reference to 1
necessary to increase the pressure ) OWTTE reaction rate (already
high enough) as catalyst
used OWTTE
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) ALLOW multiples 2
M1 SO3 + H2SO4  H2S2O7

M2 H2S2O7 + H2O  2H2SO4

(d) M1 (2 x 14 ÷ 132) x 100 2

M2 21.21 (%) ALLOW any number of sig

figs except 1

ALLOW ECF from M1 as

long as 132 used correctly

Correct answer without

working scores 2

Total 12
 Question
3Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) A description that refers to the following three 3
points

M1 filter

M2 wash the precipitate/solid/lead(II) bromide

/residue (with distilled water)

M3 dry with filter paper/in a (warm) oven ALLOW leave to dry or

any other suitable
method

REJECT direct heating

e.g. with a Bunsen
burner

If description relates to
preparation of a soluble
salt allow 1 mark only
for M3 for a suitable
method of drying the
solid

(b) 2
M1 solid lead(II) bromide does not conduct ALLOW lead(II) bromide
electricity only conducts when
molten
ALLOW when lead(II)
bromide is solid no
electricity/current
flow(s) through the
circuit/lamp

M2 because ions cannot move/are in fixed positions REJECT reference to

(delocalised) electrons
/atoms cannot move in
solid
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) brown vapour/gas/fumes (of bromine) ALLOW orange/orange- 1
brown

(ii) An explanation that links the following four points 4

Penalise incorrect use
of ide/ine once only

M1 bromide ions are negatively charged / Br – ALLOW bromide ions

are anions

M2 (so bromide ions/they) are attracted to the ALLOW anode

positive electrode

M3 (at the positive electrode) bromide ions/they ALLOW bromide ions

lose/give up electron(s) (to form bromine atoms) are oxidised
ALLOW Br -  Br + e(-)

M4 (bromine atoms) join in pairs to form bromine ALLOW Br + Br  Br2

molecules/Br2 OWTTE

2Br -  Br2 + 2e(-)

scores M1 M3 and M4

(d) Pb2+(l) + 2e()  Pb(s) ALLOW Pb(l) 2

M1 formulae and balancing correct ALLOW multiples and

fractions

M2 both state symbols correct ALLOW M2 ECF if

charge on lead ion
and/or balancing are
incorrect

Total 12
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) gives out thermal energy/heat (energy) 1

(b)  M1 expression for  bond energies of 4

reactants/bonds broken
 M2 expression for  bond energies of
products/bonds made or evaluation
 M3 correct equation linking M1, M2 and value
of ΔH
 M4 evaluation of Cl-Cl bond energy

Example calculation
Correct answer without
working scores 4

M1 ( bond energies of reactants =) 436 + X ACCEPT E(Cl Cl) or any

suitable symbol or
expression for X

M2 ( bond energies of products =) 2 x 431 OR 862(kJ)

M3  184 = 436 + X  862 OR X =  184 + 862  436

ALLOW M3 ECF if 431
for M2

If not used (-)184 in M3

can only score M1 M2

M3 subsumes M1 M2

M4 X = 242 (kJ/mol)
ALLOW M4 ECF on M3
as long as M3 involves
436, X, 862 (or 431) and
(-)184
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (c) An explanation that links the following three points 3

M1 energy needed to break bonds / bond-breaking is ALLOW energy is

endothermic absorbed/taken in

M2 energy given out when bonds are formed / ALLOW energy is released
bond-forming is exothermic

M3 energy given out is greater than energy needed

(so exothermic) OWTTE M3 DEP M1 M2

more energy released

when new bonds are
formed (in products) than
is needed to break the
bonds (in reactants)
OWTTE scores M1 M2 M3

If any contradictory
statements max 1

(d) M1 horizontal line to show products below reactants 4

and to the right of reactants and labelled 2HCl ALLOW products for 2HCl

M2 vertical line from H2 + Cl2 level to 2HCl/products ACCEPT double headed

level and labelled enthalpy change/ΔH/ -184 arrow or arrow pointing
from H2 + Cl2 level to
2HCl/products level

REJECT arrow pointing

from 2HCl/products level
to H2 + Cl2 level

M3 curve with hump/peak shown on diagram going

up from H2 + Cl2 line and ending at 2HCl/products
line

M4 vertical line from H2 + Cl2 level to top of hump ACCEPT double headed
level and labelled activation energy/Ea arrow or arrow pointing
from H2 + Cl2 level to top
of hump

REJECT arrow pointing

from top of hump to H2 +
Cl2 level

If endothermic diagram
shown, can score M2 M3
(peak/hump must be
above products line) and
M4 Total 12