SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics And Communication
Engineering

Submitted by

Naresh Devpal: (21ECE1021)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Shivnarayan Patidar
Assistant professor

Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
National Institute of Technology Goa

November, 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards Ms. Swati Sri for the valuable
guidance throughout my internship period at CODEALPHA SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT. This internship has been an invaluable experience to real-world
construction projects and new insights.

Wish to express my sincere thanks to Assistant Professor, Dr. Shivnarayan Patidar,

faculty members, and all the staff members of the department of Electronics And
Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Goa for their support
and assistance.

I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and friends for their support and
encouragement and patience during this work.
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this internship report which is being submitted to National Institute
of Technology Goa, Cuncolim, Goa, in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering is an authentic record of
genuine work done under the guidance of. The material presented in this work has not
been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree.

Naresh Devpal

(21ECE1021)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i

DECLARATION ii

CERTIFICATE iii

CERTIFICATE FROM FIRM iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 COMPANY DETAILS

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERNSHIP 9

2.1 ENHANCE CORE C++ PROGRAMMING SKILLS

2.2 LEARN ADVANCED C++ FEATURES

2.3 DEVELOP PROBLEM SOLVING-SOLVING SKILLS USING DSA

2.4 UNDERSTAND AND APPLY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES

2.5 WORK ON REAL-WORLD PROJECTS

CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNSHIP 11

3.1 COLLABORATING WITH DEVELOPMENT TEAM

3.2 EXPLORING TOOLS AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTS

3.3 DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL AND SOFT SKILLS

3.4 BUILDING A PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO

3.5 GAINING INSIGHTS INTO INDUSTRY PRACTICES AND STANDARDS

CHAPTER 4 PROJECTS AND TASKS UNDERTAKEN 13

4.1 NUMBER GUESSING GAME

4.2 CHATBOT

4.3 SUDOKU-SOLVER
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY 26

REFERENCES 27
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 COMPANY DETAILS

CodeAlpha is a leadingEd-Tech platform in India, known for offering hands-on training
and internship in technology. Focused on shaping the future of tech innovators,
CodeAlpha has built a reputation as one of the country’s fastest growing professional
training platforms. What sets CodeAlpha apart is its emphasis on learning by doing,
which allows students to gain real-world practical projects and internships.

With a track record of over 1,29,000 students completing internships and certifications,
CodeAlpha’s approach is results-driven. Their programs are structured to give students
both flexibility and depth, enabling them to build practical tech skills at their own pace.
Impressively, 95% of certified students have reported noticeable skill improvements, a
testament to the effectiveness of CodeAlpha’s training methods.

A strong alumni network is one of CodeAlpha’s greatest assets, providing ongoing

support, mentorship, and even job assistance to students. By connecting with alumni,
students gain insights and guidance, which helps bridge the gap between training and
career. Additionally, CodeAlpha collaborates with top tech companies, adding value to
their programs and giving students an edge in a competitive industry.

CodeAlpha isn’t just a training platform; it’s a stepping stone for future tech leaders.
With a combination of practical training, industry connections, and a supportive
community, CodeAlpha is making an impact on students’ careers and setting the
standard in Ed-Tech.
 CHAPTER 2

OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP
The primary objective of a C++ programming internship is to bridge the gap between theoretical
knowledge and practical application, providing interns with real-world experience and hands-on
skills in software development. Through this internship, interns aim to deepen their
understanding of C++ fundamentals and advanced features, gain exposure to the software
development lifecycle, and build a foundation for a career in programming or software
engineering. Here’s a detailed look at the objectives:

2.1 Enhance Core C++ Programming Skills

• Master the Basics: Strengthen understanding of C++ syntax, control structures (loops,
conditional statements), and basic input/output operations.

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Apply OOP principles like encapsulation,

inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction in building modular and reusable code.

• Memory Management: Gain expertise in memory allocation, pointers, references, and

dynamic memory handling, essential for managing system resources efficiently in C++.

2.2 Learn Advanced C++ Features

• Templates and Generic Programming: Understand the use of templates to write flexible
and reusable code, making functions and classes more adaptable to different data types.

• Standard Template Library (STL): Master STL components, including containers (like
vector, map, and set), iterators, and algorithms, to streamline code and enhance productivity.

• Error Handling and Exception Management: Learn to manage exceptions, handle errors
effectively, and write robust code that can gracefully recover from unexpected issues.

2.3 Develop Problem-Solving Skills Using Data Structures and

Algorithms
• Implement Data Structures: Apply data structures such as linked lists, stacks, queues,
trees, and graphs in solving practical problems.

• Algorithm Optimization: Explore sorting, searching, and other fundamental algorithms,

and learn how to analyze and optimize code for better performance in terms of time and space
complexity.
2.4 Understand and Apply Software Development Best Practices
• Version Control with Git: Gain experience with Git to manage code, track changes,
collaborate with team members, and learn how to handle code conflicts during team
development.

• Code Documentation: Understand the importance of documenting code for

maintainability and readability, making it easier for future developers (or yourself) to understand
and work with the codebase.

• Debugging and Testing: Develop proficiency in debugging, identifying, and fixing

errors, as well as writing unit tests to ensure code reliability and correctness.

2.5 Work on Real-World Projects

• Project Implementation: Work on projects that apply C++ knowledge to solve
real-world problems, such as developing software applications, system utilities, or simple
games.

• Team Collaboration: Participate in team-based projects to learn effective

communication, task delegation, and code review practices, which are essential for working in a
professional environment.

• Agile and Iterative Development: Gain exposure to agile methodologies, learning how
to work in sprints, meet deadlines, and adapt to changes in project requirements.
 CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF INTERNSHIP

3.1 Collaborating with a Development Team

• Working in Agile Environments: Many internships follow agile methodologies, so
interns participate in daily stand-ups, sprint planning, and code reviews, learning how software
development is managed in professional teams.

• Version Control (Git): Interns use Git for source code management, learning to commit
changes, create branches, merge code, and resolve conflicts when collaborating on shared
codebases.

• Receiving and Giving Feedback: Through peer and mentor code reviews, interns learn
to receive constructive feedback and refine their code, as well as offer insights on others’ code,
fostering a collaborative team environment.

3.2 Exploring Tools and Development Environments

• Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Interns use popular IDEs like Visual
Studio, CLion, or Code::Blocks, gaining familiarity with tools that improve coding efficiency
through features like auto-complete, syntax highlighting, and debugging.

• Code Profilers and Debugging Tools: Interns are introduced to tools for analyzing and
improving code performance, focusing on optimizing resource usage, execution time, and
memory.

• Build Systems (CMake, Make): Interns learn about build systems and automation tools
that simplify the compilation and build processes, essential in large codebases.

3.3 Developing Professional and Soft Skills

• Time Management: Interns learn to prioritize tasks, meet project deadlines, and handle
multiple responsibilities in a fast-paced environment.

• Technical Communication: Interns develop skills in explaining their code, making their
decisions transparent to team members, and documenting their work.
• Problem-Solving and Adaptability: Working on complex, real-world problems, interns
cultivate a systematic approach to solving issues, developing resilience and adaptability when
facing unexpected challenges.

3.4 Building a Professional Portfolio

• Project Documentation: Interns are encouraged to document their projects, detailing

their code and the design choices they made. This serves as a useful reference for both the intern
and future team members.

• Github Repository: Many interns use platforms like GitHub to organize and showcase
their projects, creating a portfolio of work that demonstrates their C++ expertise and project
experience to potential employers.

3.5 Gaining Insights into Industry Practices and Standards

• Code Quality Standards: Interns learn the importance of adhering to coding standards
and best practices that ensure code readability, maintainability, and efficiency.

• Understanding Industry Applications of C++: Whether it’s high-performance

computing, game development, embedded systems, or real-time applications, interns gain
insight into how C++ is used across various domains, helping them make informed career
decisions.

• Exposure to Emerging Trends: In many internships, interns are introduced to emerging

trends, such as advancements in C++ standards, new libraries, or frameworks, keeping them
updated with the latest in technology.
 CHAPTER 4

PROJECTS AND TASK UNDERTAKEN

4.1 NUMBER GUESSING GAME

Creating a number guessing game in C++ is a fun project! Below is a simple implementation of
a number guessing game where the computer randomly selects a number, and the player has to
guess it. The program will provide feedback on whether the guess is too high, too low, or
correct.

Explanation:

1. Includes and Namespace: We include necessary headers for input/output and random
number generation.
2. Random Seed Initialization: We seed the random number generator with the current
time to ensure different sequences of numbers each time the game runs.
3. Random Number Generation: The program generates a random number between 1
and 100.
4. Game Loop: The player is prompted to guess the number. The program checks if the
guess is too low, too high, or correct, providing feedback accordingly.
5. Attempts Counter: It counts how many attempts the player made to guess the number.

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib> // for rand() and srand()

#include <ctime> // for time()

int main() {

// Initialize random seed

std::srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(0)));

// Generate a random number between 1 and 100

int targetNumber = std::rand() % 100 + 1;

int guess = 0;
 int attempts = 0;

std::cout << "Welcome to the Number Guessing Game!\n";

std::cout << "I have selected a number between 1 and 100.\n";

std::cout << "Try to guess it!\n";

// Loop until the player guesses the number

do {

std::cout << "Enter your guess: ";

std::cin >> guess;

attempts++;

if (guess < targetNumber) {

std::cout << "Too low! Try again.\n";

} else if (guess > targetNumber) {

std::cout << "Too high! Try again.\n";

} else {

std::cout << "Congratulations! You guessed the number "

<< targetNumber << " in " << attempts << " attempts.\n";

} while (guess != targetNumber);

return 0;

}
 fig.4.1.1

fig.4.1.2

4.2 CHATBOT
Creating a simple chatbot in C++ can be an interesting way to understand basic programming
concepts such as input/output, control flow, and string manipulation. Below, I’ll provide an
example of a text-based chatbot, followed by an explanation of the concepts used.
 fig.4.2.1

fig.4.2.2

Explanation of Concepts Used

1. Header Files:
○ #include <iostream>: This allows us to use input and output streams. It provides
functionalities like std::cin and std::cout.
○ #include <string>: This includes the string library, which allows us to use the
std::string class for handling strings.
2. Main Function:
○ int main(): The entry point of any C++ program. Execution starts here.
3. Variables:
○ std::string userInput;: Declares a variable to hold user input as a string.
 4. Input/Output:
○ std::cout: Used for outputting text to the console.
○ std::getline(std::cin, userInput);: This reads a whole line of text from the user,
allowing for spaces.
5. Control Flow:
○ while (true): Creates an infinite loop that continues until a break statement is
executed.
○ if Statements: Used for decision-making. The program checks the user's input to
respond appropriately.
○ find: This method searches for a substring within a string and returns the
position of its first occurrence. If not found, it returns std::string::npos.
6. String Comparison:
○ userInput == "exit": Compares the input string with the string "exit". If they
match, the loop will break.
7. Looping:
○ The loop continues to ask the user for input until they type "exit",
demonstrating how to handle repeated tasks in programming.

Future Enhancements:

● Natural Language Processing: While this example is quite simple, more advanced
chatbots use NLP techniques to understand user intent better.
● Data Structures: You could use arrays or maps to store predefined responses based on
keywords.
● File I/O: Save conversation history to a file for persistence.

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

int main() {

std::string userInput;

std::cout << "Hello! I'm a simple chatbot. What's your name?\n";

std::getline(std::cin, userInput); // Get user name

std::cout << "Nice to meet you, " << userInput << "!\n";

while (true) {
 std::cout << "You can ask me anything, or type 'exit' to quit.\n";

std::getline(std::cin, userInput); // Get user input

if (userInput == "exit") {

std::cout << "Goodbye, " << userInput << "!\n";

break; // Exit the loop

} else if (userInput.find("how are you") != std::string::npos) {

std::cout << "I'm just a bunch of code, but thanks for asking!\n";

} else if (userInput.find("your name") != std::string::npos) {

std::cout << "I am a simple chatbot created in C++!\n";

} else {

std::cout << "I'm not sure how to respond to that. Try asking something else!\n";

return 0;

4.3 SUDOKU-SOLVER
Creating a Sudoku solver in C++ can be an exciting challenge that involves backtracking
algorithms. Here’s a detailed implementation along with explanations of the concepts used.
 fig.4.3.5

Explanation of Concepts Used

1. Header Files:
○ #include <iostream>: For input and output operations.
○ #include <vector>: To use the std::vector container for dynamically sized
arrays.
2. Constants:
○ const int SIZE = 9;: Defines the size of the Sudoku grid.
3. Functions:
○ printGrid: This function takes a 2D vector (the Sudoku grid) and prints it in a
readable format.
○ isValid: This function checks if placing a number in a specific cell is valid. It
checks:
■ The entire row and column for the presence of the same number.
■ The corresponding 3x3 box.
○ solveSudoku: The main recursive function that uses backtracking:
■ It searches for an empty cell (denoted by 0).
■ For each empty cell, it attempts to place numbers from 1 to 9.
■ If a number is valid (checked using isValid), it places the number and
recursively tries to solve the rest of the grid.
■ If placing a number leads to a dead end (no valid numbers for
subsequent cells), it removes (backtracks) the number and tries the next
one.
4. Backtracking Algorithm:
○ The key concept behind this Sudoku solver is backtracking. It explores possible
placements for numbers, and if it finds a conflict, it backtracks to try different
numbers in previous cells.
5. Main Function:
 ○ The main function initializes a sample Sudoku grid, calls printGrid to display it,
and then calls solveSudoku. If a solution is found, it prints the solved grid;
otherwise, it indicates that no solution exists.

Future Enhancements:

● Input Handling: Allow users to input their own Sudoku puzzles.

● GUI: Create a graphical user interface for easier interaction.
● Performance Improvements: Implement more advanced algorithms or optimizations
for larger grids or different Sudoku variants.

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

const int SIZE = 9; // Size of the Sudoku grid

// Function to print the Sudoku grid

void printGrid(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& grid) {

for (const auto& row : grid) {

for (int num : row) {

std::cout << num << " ";

std::cout << std::endl;

// Check if placing num in grid[row][col] is valid

bool isValid(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& grid, int row, int col, int num) {

// Check the row and column

 for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {

if (grid[row][i] == num || grid[i][col] == num) {

return false;

// Check the 3x3 box

int boxStartRow = row - row % 3;

int boxStartCol = col - col % 3;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

if (grid[i + boxStartRow][j + boxStartCol] == num) {

return false;

return true; // If no conflicts, it's valid

// Solve the Sudoku using backtracking

bool solveSudoku(std::vector<std::vector<int>>& grid) {

for (int row = 0; row < SIZE; row++) {

for (int col = 0; col < SIZE; col++) {

if (grid[row][col] == 0) { // Find an empty cell

for (int num = 1; num <= SIZE; num++) { // Try numbers 1-9
 if (isValid(grid, row, col, num)) {

grid[row][col] = num; // Place the number

// Recursively attempt to solve the rest

if (solveSudoku(grid)) {

return true; // If solved, return true

// Backtrack: remove the number and try next

grid[row][col] = 0;

return false; // No valid number found, trigger backtracking

return true; // Solved

int main() {

// Example Sudoku puzzle (0 represents empty cells)

std::vector<std::vector<int>> grid = {

{5, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},

{6, 0, 0, 1, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0},

{0, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0},

{8, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3},
 {4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1},

{7, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6},

{0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0},

{0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 9, 0, 0, 5},

{0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9}

};

std::cout << "Original Sudoku:\n";

printGrid(grid);

if (solveSudoku(grid)) {

std::cout << "\nSolved Sudoku:\n";

printGrid(grid);

} else {

std::cout << "No solution exists.\n";

return 0;

}
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY
My internship period at CODEALPHA SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT has been a
transformative and enriching experience, providing me with first hand exposure to various
aspects of electronics and communication engineering. I had the opportunity to deepen my
understanding of C++ programming while actively contributing to the development and
enhancement of software applications. This experience allowed me to apply theoretical
knowledge to practical projects, fostering my growth as a software developer.

Key Responsibilities

● Application Development: Assisted in the design and implementation of C++

applications, focusing on code quality and performance optimization.
● Collaboration: Worked alongside experienced developers in an agile environment,
participating in daily stand-ups and sprint planning meetings.
● Debugging and Testing: Engaged in debugging processes and wrote unit tests to ensure
the reliability of the software, contributing to the overall quality assurance efforts.
● Documentation: Maintained thorough documentation of code changes and project
specifications to facilitate knowledge transfer and future maintenance.

Technical Skills Acquired

● Advanced knowledge of C++ programming, including object-oriented programming

principles, memory management, and the Standard Template Library (STL).
● Hands-on experience with version control systems (Git) and development tools such as
[any relevant tools used].
● Understanding of software development lifecycle (SDLC) processes and best practices
in coding and testing.
 REFERENCES
● Herb Sutter, More Exceptional C++
● Bjarne Stroustruo, The C++ Programming Language
● Scott Meyers, Effective c++ series
● Stephan Prata, C++ Primer plus (6th edition)