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Rocky

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20 views4 pages

Rocky

Uploaded by

Tristan Nabong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARTH SCIENCE – ROCKS

ROCKS

• is a naturally occurring solid mixture


of one or more minerals, or organic
matter
• are classified by how they are formed,
their composition, and texture
• change over time through the rock
cycle

IGNEOUS ROCK

• this rock begins as magma Intrusive Igneous Rocks:


• Magma can form: o magma pushes into
o when rock is heated surrounding rock below the
o when pressure is released Earth’s surface, cools slowly
o when rock changes with larger crystal formation
composition o cooling takes place slowly
• Magma “freezes” between 700 °C and beneath Earth’s surface
1,250 °C Extrusive Rocks:
• Magma is a mixture of many o forms when magma erupts
minerals onto the Earth’s surface (lava),
cools quickly with very small or
Types of Igneous Rocks no crystals formed
Felsic: light colored rocks that are o cooling takes place rapidly on
rich in elements such as aluminum, Earth’s surface
potassium, silicon, and sodium
Mafic: dark colored rocks that are
rich in calcium, iron, and Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass
magnesium, poor in silicon that forms from the very rapid cooling of
Coarse-grained: takes longer to cool, molten rock material. It cools so rapidly
giving mineral crystals more time to that crystals do not form.
grow
Fine-grained: cools quickly with little
to no crystals

Tristan Angelo R. Nabong STEM 11-Alpha Hwaiting! 😊


This rock is Mafic, fine grained, and
extrusive.
Chemical sedimentary – minerals
crystallize out of solution to become rock
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• is formed by erosion
• are moved from one place to another
• are formed at or near the Earth’s
surface
• No heat and pressure involved
• are deposited in layers, with the older
ones on the bottom Limestone is a sedimentary rock
composed primarily of calcium carbonate
• layers become compacted and
(CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite.
cemented together
It most commonly forms in clear, warm,
• forms from the compaction and/or
shallow marine waters.
cementation of sediments
• This process is called It is usually an organic sedimentary rock
LITHIFICATION that forms from the accumulation of shell,
• Strata – layers of rock coral, algal and fecal debris
• STRATIFICATION – the process in
which sedimentary rocks are
arranged in layers Organic sedimentary – remains of plants
• Sediments are: and animals
o rock pieces
o mineral grains
o shell fragments
Clastic – made of fragments of rock
cemented together with calcite or quartz

Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that


forms from the accumulation and
preservation of plant materials, usually in
a swamp environment.
Coal is a combustible rock and along with
oil and natural gas it is one of the three
Breccia is a term most often used for
most important fossil fuels.
clastic sedimentary rocks that are
composed of large angular fragments (over
two millimeters in diameter).
The spaces between the large angular
fragments can be filled with a matrix of
smaller particles or a mineral cement that
binds the rock together.
METAMORPHIC ROCK Gneiss is foliated metamorphic rock that
has a banded appearance and is made up
• Meaning to change shape
of granular mineral grains.
• Changes with temperature and
pressure, but remains solid It typically contains abundant quartz or
• Usually takes place deep in the Earth feldspar minerals.
• CONTACT METAMORPHISM –
heated by nearby magma
• Increased temperature changes the • Non-Foliated – mineral grains are not
composition of the rock, minerals are arranged in plains or bands
changed into new minerals

Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock


that is produced from the metamorphism of
Hornfels is a fine-grained non-foliated limestone.
metamorphic rock produced by contact
metamorphism. It is composed primarily of calcium
carbonate.

• REGIONAL METAMORPHISM –
pressure builds up in rocks that is THE ROCK CYCLE
deep within the Earth
• Large pieces of the Earth’s crust
collide and the rock is deformed and
chemically changed by heat and
pressure

• Foliated - contain aligned grains of


flat minerals
• The rock cycle is an ongoing series of
processes inside Earth and on the
surface
• Slowly changes rocks from one kind
to another
• Any type of rock can change into
another type

How does this relate to plate tectonics?


▪ Plate movement drives the rock cycle
➢ Subduction (1 plate pushed
under another plate)
✓ Re-melts rock into
magma
➢ Mountain building
✓ Folding, faulting, uplift
✓ Exposes rock at the
surface to be weathered
and eroded

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