Solutions

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Classwork Questions m1x1  m2x 2

XCM =
m1  m2
500  0   1000(30)
Centre of mass and its motion =
500  1000
1. Refer Smart Tip – 2, 30  1000
=
Here, mass at S > mass at P 1500
 point S is correct. = 20 m
 C.M. is 20 m ahead of 500 kg car.
2. As there is no external force acting on the
system and initially system is at rest, the speed 6. Since, no external force acts on the system,
of the centre of mass is zero. therefore, centre of mass will not shift.
7. Velocity of centre of mass in x-direction is zero
3. If arc PQ  0, then centre of mass is at a distance
since there is no external force in x-direction
R from the origin O. As the arc length PQ
and hence, centre of mass can’t change its
increases, centre of mass starts moving down.
P position in x-direction. (It’s better to say that
R
gun and bullet move in opposite direction along
O X-axis to maintain same position of C.M. in
horizontal direction).
Y Q
4. v


m2(2,3)

In y-direction, external force is exerted by

m1(1,1)
m3(3, 1) horizontal surface on gun and hence gun is at
rest and only bullet moves with velocity
(0,0) X v sin  in y-direction.
Now, velocity of C.M. is
The co-ordinates of the centre of mass are
v = m 1v1  m 2 v 2
m y  m 2 y 2  m3 y3 m1  m 2
YCM = 1 1
m1  m 2  m3 mvsin   M  0
 vy =
m 1  m 3  m 1 5 mM
= =
mmm 3 mvsin 
 vy =
Similarly, Mm
m 1  m  2  m  3
XCM = m1x 1  m 2 x 2  m 3 x 3 = =2 8. Distance covered by both bodies,
m1  m 2  m 3 mmm
12 R  3 R = 9 R. Individual distance depends
Hence, the co-ordinates of the centre of mass upon their masses. The center of mass remains
are  2,  .
5 unaffected. Hence, smaller body covers distance
 3 x just before collision.
Since, m1r1 = m2r2
Thinking Hatke - Q. 4  Mx = 5M (9 R  x)
m y  m 2 y 2  m3 y3 5  x = 7.5 R
YCM = 1 1 =
m1  m 2  m3 3
9. Initial velocity of C.M. in x-direction
5 m1 u x1  m 2 u x 2 m(2  0)
YCM of the given options has only in ux = = =1
3 m1  m 2 2m
option ‘B’.
Acceleration of C.M. in x-direction
m1 a x1  m 2a x 2 m(3  0) 3
ax = = 
x1 = 0 x2 = 30 m1  m 2 2m 2
5.
From v = u + at, final velocity of C.M. in
m1 = 500 kg m2 = 1000 kg x-direction is

1
 

JEE (Main): Physics

vx = ux + axt 3X CM
 YCM = 6
3 5
 vx = 1 + t
2  Equation of trajectory is given by,
Initial velocity of C.M. in y-direction 3x
m1 u y1  m 2 u y 2 m(0  2) y= 6
uy = = =1 5
m1  m 2 2m
Acceleration of C.M. in y-direction
m1 a y1  m 2a y2 m(3  0) 3 Thinking Hatke - Q. 12
ay = =  In such case, when centre of mass
m1  m 2 2m 2
moves in a straight line, y = mx + c
Now, vy = uy + ayt velocity of 'Ycm ' 3
3 m can be calculated as =
 vy = 1 + t velocity of 'Xcm ' 5
2
3x
As C.M. travels with same velocity in x and y Hence, y = 6
5
direction, it must be travelling in straight line.
10. Considering A as origin
13. The variation of density is given as
(x) = a(1 + bx2) ….(i)
A B C  a, b are constants 
 
st
For 1 sphere, x1 = 0  and 0  x < 1 
For 2nd sphere, x2 = AB Substituting b = 0 in equation (i),
For 3rd sphere, x3 = AC (x) = a
m x  m 2 x 2  m3 x 3
 x= 1 1  (x) = constant
m1  m 2  m3
0  m(AB)  m(AC) AB  AC  For a rod of uniform density, centre of mass is at
= = middle of its length.
3m 3
     C.M. is at x = 0.5 m

m a  m 2 a 2  m3 a 3  m 4 a 4
11. a CM = 1 1 Substituting b = 0 in the given options,
m1  m 2  m 3  m 4
x = 0.5 is satisfied only in option (A).
 m  a( i)  2m  a(j)  3m  a(i)
  4m  a( j)
 a CM =
m  2m  3m  4m
14. dm = r2dz
2a i  2 a j
= from figure, z 
10
r R r
tan  = =
 

a   h
 a cm = i j z h
5
R
12. The centre of mass of each rod is located at its  r= z
h
respective centre.
Now, R
 30 
 15  m = 30m h
M  2 
 z dm = 
r zdz 2

CMrod2 zCM = 0
5 m/s  30 
Y 15   m = 30m
 2  dm 1 R h 2

3
3 m/s h
3 R 
2

R 2 h 0  h 
=  z  z dz
x M
(0, 0)
CMrod1
3  R2  3
h

2  2 
Position co-ordinate of rod 1 = (5t, 30) = z dz
hR  h  0
Position co-ordinate of rod 2 = (30, 3t)
 5t  M  30 M
h
 4
XCM =
5
= 15 + t = 33  z 
2M 2 h  4 0
 30 M   3t  M 3 3h
YCM = = 15 + t =
2M 2 4

2
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

3. For 1st Part,
Thinking Hatke - Q. 14 1 2
For a solid uniform cone, C.M. is =  t1 ....(0 = 0)
2
always on the axis at a distance   from
3h
 = t1
 4  1
the vertex. Where, h is the height of the cone   = t1
2
i.e., C.M. is at a distance   from the base.
h 2
4   t1 =

For 2nd part,
15. Centre of mass of all section will lie on the axis. 2 = t2
m 3H 5H 2
disc
  t2 =
2 H+ 2 2 
For 3rd part, let angular acceleration be 
m 3H 7H 1 2
Cylinder  3 =   t3
H+ 4 4 2
 = t3
m H
rod  6
2 2  3 = t3  t3 =
2 
m H 7H m 5H Ratio =  5
  m   
60 3
YCM = 2 2 4 2 2
m m  2 2 6 
m    
2 2    
H 7H 5H
  9H 4. Given:  = 0
= 4 4 2 = dθ
2 4  = 0
Rigid body rotation and dt
θ t
kinematical equations of dθ
 0 ω0  βθ = 0 dt
rotational motion
1
ln  ω0  βθ   0 = t
θ
 
1.  = a  bt2 β
At t = 0;  = 1 = a
 ω  βθ 
Now,  ln  0  = t
dω d  ω0 
= = (a – bt2) = –2bt
dt dt ω0  βθ
 = et
2 2
As, ω2 = ω1 + 2 ω0
βθ
 2 = ω1
2
….(2 = 0)  1– = et
ω0
ω12 a  a2
2

 = ω0
2α
=
2  2bt 
=
4bt  =
β
1  eβt 
5 Moment of Inertia
2. =
  2
2

1. Refer Smart Tip - 4,

  d  5
While rotating, hard boiled egg acts just like a
d   2
2

2 
rigid body. It is not in the case of a raw egg
    2  4 4  d   5d because of liquid matter present in it. In case of
0 0 a raw egg, the liquid matter tries to go away
....(120 rad/min = 2 rad/s) from the centre, thereby increasing its moment
2  I raw egg
 4
4 4  3 2
of inertia. i.e., >1
  50

     I boiled egg
4 3 2 0
32 2. In a whirl wind, air from surrounding regions
4 8
 3 
concentrate in small space. Hence, M.I.
5 decreases. As angular momentum is conserved,
 = 4.53 radians decrease in M.I. leads to increase in .
3
 

JEE (Main): Physics

3. 6.
m m A 2 kg 1 B
1 3 kg
2
2 1
l 1

5 kg 4 kg
3 4 D
m 1 C
m
AC = 12  12 = 2 m
The distance of masses 2 and 3 from axis of
 2  + 5 × 12
2
rotation is zero, therefore they don’t contribute  IA = 3 × 12 + 4 ×
to moment of inertia. =3+8+5
= 16 kg m2
2
ml 2
I1 = I4 = mR = m   
l 2
 2 2  MK2 = 16
2 16
 ITotal = I1 + I4 = ml  K2 =
23 45
4. Moment of inertia of X 16 8
the system about XX = =
m1 14 7
is given by,
8
 I = I1 + I2 + I3 or K = m
7
= m 1r12  m 2 r22  m 3 r32 a a 3
7. R= a
2 2 2
= 0 + m2  a  + m3  a  2
2 2 m3 a a m2 a= R
3
 2
 2 2 R R
 I = (m2 + m3)  a  X Let M and M be
4   mass of sphere and
cube respectively.
5.
4 3
R  
M  3   3
 
M  2 3 2
m1 m2  R 
O  3 
x1 x2 2M
 M =
3
l
Ma  2
I=
6
2M 4 2 1
Let O be the centre of mass of the system =  R 
3 3 6
m2l
 x1 = ....(considering m1 as origin) I = 4MR
2

m1  m2
9 3
m1l
x2 = ....(considering m2 as origin) Torque, kinetic energy and
m1  m2
angular momentum
 M.I. of the system is given by,
1. As no external torque acts on the body, its
I = m1x12 + m2x22 angular momentum will be conserved.
2 2
   m 1l 
= m1  m 2l
 
Power =    =  r  F   
  
 + m2   2.
m
 1  m 2   m1  m 2   
m 1m l  m 2 m l
2 2 2 2 3. For angular momentum to be conserved,
= 2 1

 m1  m 2 
2
ext = 0
 
m1m 2 (m 2  m1 )l 2
=  r  F= 0
(m1  m 2 ) 2
 3 6
m 1m 2 l 2  
= 2  6 12
(m1  m 2 )
  = 1
4
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

   11. From law of conservation of angular momentum,
i j k 
    I = constant ….(ext = 0)
4. L = m  r  v  = m 3 4 6 = m(30 j  20 k )
   I11 = I22
2 4 6
where, I1 = M.I. of ring + M.I. of person
5. I2 = M.I. of ring
30 N  I1   MR 2  MR 2 
 2 =   1 =   1
 I2   MR 2 
 2 = 21

 = I 12. K.E. of rotating body is given by,

1
 RF F 30 K.E. = I2
 = = = = = 25 rad/s2 2
I mR 2 mR 3  0.4 Here,
6. Using, (K.E.)A = (K.E.)B ....(Given)
 = I T 
1 1
I A A 2  I B  B 2
But  = Fr sin r 2 2
= Tr sin 90 As IB > IA,
= Tr B < A
 Tr = I  1
Also, K.E. = L ....( L = I)
2
I mr 2  mr
T=    1 1
r 2 r 2  L A A  L B  B
2 2
25  0.2  2  2
= N = 31.4 N  as B <A
2
 LB > LA
7. Total angular momentum about O is
13. From work-energy theorem,
2.8  3.1  3.6  6.5  2.2  1.5 = 9.8 kg m2/s
Work done produces change in kinetic energy,
1 2 1 2
=  54  
km 5 m  W=
8. v = 54 = 15 m/s I ….( K.E. = I )
h  18  s 2 2
v 15 rad 2W 2  105
ω0 = =    = 200 rad/s
r 0.45 s I 5
ω = ω0 + αt
14. work done,
But  = 0
W = change in K.E. of rod
15
 0= + (15) 1 2
0.45  W= I0
2
15 1 rad
 = –  For work done to be minimum, I should be
0.45  15 0.45 s 2
minimum
 The magnitude of average torque I = m1x2 + m2(L  x)2
3 300
 = I = = = 6.66 kg m2/s2 I = m1x2 + m2L2 + m2x2 2m2Lx
0.45 45 For I to be minimum,
9. mv0R0 = mvR dI
=0
dx
But R = R 0
2  2m1x + 0 + 2m2x  2m2L = 0
R  2x(m1 + m2) = 2m2L
 mv0R0 = mv 0  v = 2v0 m 2L
2  x=
1 2 m1  m 2
 K.E. = mv = 2 mv 02
2
15. Work done; W = 
10. From the law of conservation of angular  W = I ….( = I)
momentum, W
I = I  I=

Here, I = MR2 and I = (M + 2m)R2.
W  f2  i2  2 
 I M  I= ….  
 = = 22   22  12    2      
2 2 2
 I  M  2m  2 1

5
 

JEE (Main): Physics

16.
1
Initial K.E., (K.E.)i =
1
I 12 + I22 Equilibrium of a rigid body
2 2
2
1
Final K.E., (K.E.)f =  (2I2) = I  1  2  1.
N
2  2  Q

 Loss in K.E. = (K.E.)i  (K.E.)f NF
2 Wall
= 1 I12  1 I22  I  1  2 
2 2  2 
I  mg
= (2 12 + 2  22  12  212   22 ) P Floor
4
I
= (1  2)2 Since, the ladder is in equilibrium, therefore the
4
resultant torque about the end P is zero.

17. Let I1 and 1 be the moment of inertia and   p = 0
angular frequency respectively when his arms
mg  cos    N (L sin ) = 0
L
are outstretched and I2 and 2 be their values 
when his arms are folded. Then, I11 = I22 2 
3 3 mg
Now, I2 = I1. Hence I11 = I12  N =
4 4 2tan 
4
or 2 = 1 2. Assume m be the mass of one rod.
3
1 At equilibrium, A
Initial K.E. is K1= I112 and final K.E. is,
2 τ(rod 1) + τ(rod 2) = 0
2
BD

1 1 3I  4  Now, cos  =
K2 = I222 = × 1 ×  1  L/2
C1
2 2 4  3 
L mg
=
41 2 4  BD = cos  D
 I11  = K1 2 B
32  3 
BA  C2
 Percentage increase in K.E. sin  = C
L
K 2  K1 mg
= × 100
K1  BA = Lsin 
4  L  L 
 K1  K1   mg  sin   – mg  cos   Lsin   = 0
=  3  × 100 2  2 
K1 3 L 1
 L sin  = cos ⇒ tan =
= 100 = 33.3% 2 2 3
3
3. NA NB
18. As the particle undergoes elastic collision with
the wall,
 final velocity = (initial velocity)
 
 vf =  vi

d
vi = vey

A CM B
 vf =  vey x d x
   W
Position vector, r = yey  aez
As, NA + NB = W,
   
Change in angular momentum = r  m  vf  vi  torque balances at C.M. of rod,
 
NAx = NB (d  x)
  
   

=  yey  a ez   m  vey  vey   NAx = (W  NA)(d  x)
   
 NAx = Wd  Wx  NAd + NAx
     
= 2mva  ez  e y  = 2mva  ex   NAd = W(d  x)
   

 NA = W(d  x)
= 2mva e x d
6
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Rolling motion =
4 S2
….(v = r)
5 C2
1. Refer Smart Tip - 9 (v)
4 S2
= ….(Given: C = 2S)
2. Using Smart Tip  9 (iii, ii, i), 5  4S2 
10
 vS = gh =
1
7 5
4 7. Using Time saver – 1,
 vD = gh
3
 K.E.linear 1
 vR = gh =
 rolling
K.E. K2
1
Hence, vS  vD  vR R2
3. K.E. possessed by rotating body,  
1  K2  2 5
= ….    
1 1  v2  2  R 2 solid 5  7
(K.E.)rot = I2 = (MK 2 )  2  1  sphere 
2 2 R  5
1  K2  8.
= Mv2  2 
2 R 
For M, R and  same, v becomes constant. x
K2 h
Hence, as 2 increases, K.E. i.e., work done in
R
bringing body to rest increases. 30
 K2  2  K2  1  K2 
 2   ,  2   and  2  = 1 2gh
 R A 5  R B 2  R C v=
K2
 WC > WB > WA 1 2
R
4. Using Smart Tip  9 (i, ii), 2 10  h  K2 1 
Total (K.E)ring = Mv2 .…(i)  42 = ….  For solid cylinders 2  
1  R 2
1
Total (K.E)disc = 3 Mv2 .…(ii) 2
4 3
Divide equation (ii) by equation (i)  2  10  h = 16 
2
3
 K.E disc Mv2 24
= 4  h= = 1.2 m
20
(K.E)ring Mv2
h
Now, sin  =
 (K.E)disc = (K.E)ring  3 x
4 1.2
3  sin 30 =
= 4  = 3J x
4 1.2
 x= = 2.4 m
1  K2  1/ 2
5. mgh = mv 2 1  2 
2  R  9. The kinetic energy of the rolling object is given by,
10gh 1  K2 
v= E= 2
mv cm 1  2 
7 2  R 

10gh E 1  K2 
For vertical projection, u = 2 2
 1  2  …[∵ m = 1 kg]
7 v cm 2  R 
v2 – u2 = 2gh From graph, E2  3
As, v = 0; v cm 4
3 1  K2 
 4 
10  20h
gh  = 2gh  h = ∴  1  2 
 7  7 4 2  R 

6. Using Smart Tip – 9 (iii, ii), 3 K2

∴ 1 2
1 2 R
mvS2 2
ES 5 4 vS2 K 1
= = ∴ 
EC 1 5 vC2 R2 2
mvC2
4 From Smart tip – 9 (ii), the object is disc.
7
 

JEE (Main): Physics

Theorems of perpendicular and Using parallel axes theorem,

parallel axes and their M.I. about origin O,
applications MR 2  MR 2 2
IO = +6   M  2R  
1. Moment of Inertia of disc about horizontal peg, 2  2 
I = IC + Mh2 ....(Principle of parallel axes) MR 2 54MR 2
2  IO = +
I = MR2 + M 
1 R 2 2

2 4
55
MR 2 MR 2 IO = MR2
= + 2
2 16 Similarly, using parallel axes theorem,
9MR 2 M.I. about the point P will be,
=
16
IP = IO + 7M(3R)2
2. Y
55
IP = MR2 + 63MR2
D C 2
181
IP = MR2
2
X
5. Y
A B A B
IAB = 0 ….(i)
ml 2
IAD = IBC = ….(ii)
3 X X
IDC = ml2 ….(iii)
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii),
 Total moment of inertia B A
ml 2 ml 2 Y
I=0+  + ml2
3 3 Moment of inertia of each rod about an axis
5 passing through their centre of mass and
= ml 2
3 perpendicular to length is,
3. Using parallel axes theorem, ML2
2 2 X IZZ =
I1 = mr + mr2 12
3
 ML2 
and I1 = I2 3  M.I. of cross about ZZ axes is = 2  
2 2  12 
I3 = mr
3 ML2
 M.I. of system about XX is 1 2 =
6
I = I1 + I2 + I3
X Now, consider axes YY XX
= 2  mr 2  mr 2   mr 2
2 2
3  3  IZZ = IXX + IYY
2 ….(perpendicular axes theorem)
= 4mr
4. = 2 IXX
Y 2
I ZZ  ML
 IXX = =
2 12
P 6. Using perpendicular axes theorem, M.I. about
an axis perpendicular to plane and passing
O X through O is 2I. Consider an axis CD
perpendicular to CD. Let I be the M.I. about
CD and CD.
I + I = 2 I
 2I = 2I
 I = I

8
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

7. I MR2
9. Idisc =
2
R R/2  Idisc  R2
 Plot of I vs R would be a parabola symmetric
about I  axis.
10. l = 2R
Moment of inertia of disc is given by,
Ml 2 MR 2 4 1 7
Idisc = Ir + Ihole I1    MR 2  MR 2  MR 2
….(Ir = M.I. of remaining part) 12 4 12 4 12
 Ir = Idisc Ihole ….(i) Ml 2 MR 2 4 1 19
I2    MR 2  MR 2  MR 2
MR 2 3 4 3 4 12
Idisc = ….(ii)
2  I2 > I1 and I2  I1 = MR2
By parallel axes theorem,
 M  R 2 
   2
4 2 M  R  Thinking Hatke - Q. 10
Ihole =        From parallel axes theorem,
 2 42 
 
  I0 = Ic + Mh2 ….( h = R)
 M   I2 = I1 + MR2
  M hole  disc  I2 – I1 = MR2
…. 4
 
 the surface density is same  ML2
 MR 2
MR  2 11. M.I. of thin rod, I =
 Ihole =   ….(iii) 12

 32 16  M(2R) 2
Substituting equation (iii) and equation (ii) in = ….( L = 2R)
12
equation (i), MR 2
MR 2 MR 2 MR 2 M.I. of a ring, about its diameter, I =
Ir =   2
2 32 16
I M4 R2 2
2
 = 
= MR2  
1 1 1  13
 = MR2 I 12 MR 2
2 32 16  32
2 2
= 
8. 3
Y 9M,R 12. The M.I. of the item is equivalent to the sum of
R M.I. of the discs of masses M1, M2 and M3 with
2R
radii R, 3R and 5R respectively and subtracting
r= 3 3 the M.I. of the masses M1 and M5 of radius 2R
X and 4R respectively.
O
1 1 1
 M1R 2  M 2  3R   M 3  5R 
2 2
ICM =
2 2 2
1 1
– M 4  2R   M5  4R 
2 2

2 2
Mass of portion removed will be,
2
....(  = areal density)
M0 2 9M  R  2
m=  (r) =  =M M1 = (R )
 R 02   
R2  3 
M2 = [(3R)2] = 9 R2
M.I. of the remaining part of the disc, M3 = [(5R)2] = 25 R2
 R
2
 M4 = [(2R)2] = 4 R2
M   2
2
9MR   3   M  2R   M5 = [(4R)2] = 16 R2
I=   
2  2  3   1
  ICM = R 4 (1 + 81 + 625 – 16 – 256)
  2
= 217.5 R4
9MR 2  MR 2 4MR 2 
 I=    1
2  18 9  13. M.I. of disc, I = MR d2 ….(i)
2
9MR  9MR 2  9MR 2 MR 2
2
 I=    2
M.I. of sphere, Isphere = MR S2 ….(ii)
2  18  2 2
5
 I = 4MR2  volume of disc = volume of sphere
9
 

JEE (Main): Physics

R  4 Given I2 = nI1
 πR d2  d  = π R S3
 6  3 ml 2  ml 2 
 = n 
 R 3d = 8R S3 2  12 
Rd  n=6
 RS = ....(iii)
2 17.
Substitute equation (iii) in equation (ii)
2
R
2 R  2 1

2
Isphere = M  d  = × MR d
5  2  5 4 l
1 1 2 I
=  MR d  = ....[from (i)]
5 2  5
mR 2 ml 2
2 I= 
Ml 2 l Ml 2 Ml 2 4 12
14. I0 = Ic + Mh2 = + m  = +
12 4 12 16 m  2 l2 
I= R  
7Ml 2 4 3
 I0 =
48 m  V l2 
=    ....(V = R2l)
I 7 Ml2 4  l 3 
But K = =
M 48 M dI m   V 2l 
   
dl 4  l 2 3 
7
 K= l dI
48 But 0
dl
15. M.I. of rod about an axis passing through centre, V 2l
 
ML2 l 2 3
IC = = MK12 ....(i)
12 2l 3
 V=
M.I. of rod about an axis passing through one end, 3
ML2 2l 3
IE = = MK22 ....(ii)  R2l =
3 3
Divide equation (i) by equation (ii) l 2
3
 
MK12 ML2 3 R2 2
2
= ×
MK 2 12 ML2 l 3
 
K12 1 R 2
 =
K 22 4
 2mr 2   2mr 2 
 m  3r   +....+
2
K1 1 18. I =   mr 2   
 =  5   5 
K2 2
 2mr 2 2
  m  2n  1 r  
16. Moment of inertia of a rod about  5 
an axis passing through centre
and perpendicular to its length is 2nmr 2  4n 3  n  2
l =   mr
ml 2 5  3 
= = I1 2 3
 2n  4n 3  n  
12
Where l = length of the rod. =  5  3
 mr 2


Using parallel axes theorem;
=  n 3   mr 2
4 n
M.I. about centroid = (M.I.)cm + Mh2
3 15 
l
Here, h =
2 3  mL2 
2 2
19. Moment of inertia of rods = 12   
ml ml  3 
 M.I. about centroid = 
12 12   30 
2

2ml 2 = 12  0.5 
 3 
 M.I. of each rod about centroid =  
12
= 12  (150)
2ml 2 ml 2 = 1800 kg cm2
 M.I. of system = 3  = = I2
12 2 = 0.18 kg m2
10
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Moment of inertia of outer part of wheel, 2  R 5  R 5inner  2   R inner  
5

=  1 
 =    R  
1  R5   
1   
2     
5/ 3

r = 1  1  1  
1   2  
 

 dI = dmr2 MR 2 
22. Torque:  = I = 
= (2rdr)r2 2 t
m
= (2rdr) r2 MR2
  36     30 
2 2   =
2t
 m  But  = R × F
....    
   36     30  
2 2
 M R
  F= =
36
R 2t
2 m
I =   r 3dr
  36     30 
2 2
30
23. From conservation of angular momentum,
Li = Lf .…(i)
21  364 304 
=     Door is at rest,
396  4 4 
 Li = mva ….(ii)
2 217404
= The particle collides inelastically,
396  moment of inertia of door after collision is,
= 1098 kg cm2
ma 2 4
= 0.1098 kg m2 I= + ma2 = ma2
3 3
 ITotal = 0.18 + 0.1098 = 0.29 kg m2
Lf = I =  ma 2  ω
4
 ….(iii)
2 3 
20. Moment of inertia of each sphere = mr 2
5 From equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get;
Moment of inertia of plate would be same as 4
 mva = ma2
m  2r 
2
mr 2 3
that of rod = 
12 3 3v
 =
2   mr  2 4a
 Total moment of inertia =  mr 2 3    2
5   3  24. From conservation of angular momentum,
=    mr 2 = mr 2
28  L   ML 
2
6 2
J  =  ω
5 3 15  2   12 

21. 6J
 =
R ML
R
 = t
=   
θ π ML 
Rinner  t = 
ω  2   6J 
πML
=
12J
1 = density of solid sphere 25. As, L = I
2 = density of hollow sphere  L1 = I11 and L2 = I22
4 4 3 L1 I11
M= 1R3 = 2[R3  Rinner ]  
3 3 L2 I22
3  1  L 2 / 5M1R 1
2
Now, Rinner = R 3 1    
 2  L 2 / 3M 2 R 2 2
1/ 3
 
 Rinner = R 1  1  ....( L1 = L2 = L and R1 = R2 = R)
 2 
3 M1 1
4 3 2 4 3 2 2  1=
R 2  R 2  R inner 2  R inner 5 M2 2
IHollow
= 3 5 3 5
M1 10
Isolid 2 4 3  =
 R 1 M2 3
5 3

11
 

JEE (Main): Physics

26. Angular momentum is conserved, Fext
a = ….(M  mass of the system)
 I = I = LA M
 L2i  2mgsin  2 gsin 
LA = Li  i = =
3 mm 2
….( LA = Iii and Mi = Li) 10  sin45 5 2
= =
2 2
L 3
125 5  625
= i =
i
=  a = 5 m/s2 vertically downward.
3 3 3
When half the rod has entered the box, its M.I. is, 2. From conservation of energy,
ML2 1 1
I = mgh = mv2 + I2
3 2 2
3 1 1
5
  mgh = m2r2 + I2
L 3
2 2 2
=    ….(at L = 5/2 m) 1
3 3 mgh = [mr + I] 2
2

125 2
= 2mgh
24  2 =
dI  2 dL mr 2  I
 3L
dt 3 dt 2mgh
 =
2 dL mr   I
= L
dt
2 3. v1cos 
=   5   0.5
2 H2   H1
25 
=  ....  at L  m 
5

 8   2  v12 sin 2  52  3 75 15
H1 = = = = m
d  K.E. d  1 I   2 2
2g 4  2 10 80 16
  
dt dt  2 I  v 22 sin 2  6 2 1 36 9
H2 = = = = m
d  L2A  2g 4  2 10 80 20
=  
dt  2I  Angular momentum = m(v1cos) (H1 – H2)
= 5  5     
1 15 9
L2A dI
=  2  16 20 
2I2 dt
6252  2 25
= 6.1 kg m2/s
= 2

 125  8 4. a. Centre of mass of a body does not always
9 2    coincide with the centre of gravity of the
 24 
body.
6252  2  242  25 
= b. A couple on a body produces purely
9  2 1252  2 8
rotational motion.
5 5 24 3 25 0.2 Hence, only (b) and (d) are correct.
= ....(  = 0.2 kg/m)
9 2
5. Torque at angle 
m 2 rad 2
= 500 kg l
s3  = Mg sin  ….(i)
2
Miscellaneous Z

1. , 
90 
 Mg

45 45 X
Also,
 = I ….(ii)
2 mgsin
l
 I = Mg sin  ….[from (i) and (ii)]
Acceleration of the centre of mass of the system 2
is given by, M.I. of rod here is,
12
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Ml 2 Mg
I=  F= x ….(i)
3 R
Ml 2 l O
  = Mg sin 
3 2
l  g sin  R
 = Ra
3 2

3gsin 
 = x
2l
Using Pythagoras in the above diagram,
R
6. M=  0
0 r  (2rdr) x2 = R2  R  a
2

20 R 3 R a
2
 M=
3  x = R 1   
 ….(ii)
 R 
R
IC = 0
0 r  (2rdr)  r 2 Using equation (i) and (ii),
2
20 R 5 R a 
 IC = F = Mg 1   
5  R 
By parallel axis theorem,
I = IC + MR2 9. Y
mx2cos 
 N
0 2R   2R
5 3
 I= + 0  R2
5 3 x 
 1 1  160R
5 mx2
5    =
= 02R  5 3  15

8 2 3 2 8 2  mg
 I=  0R  R = MR X
5 3  5 O
mg sin 
8
 a= (∵ I = aMR2) In rotating frame,
5
mx2 cos = mg sin
7. According to law of conservation x2 = g tan
P.E = K.E dy
1 1 x2 = g
 mgh = mv2 + I2 dx
2 2 x2 = g.(8Cx)
1 2 1  mr 2  2 2 = 8 gC
 mgh = m (r) +  
2 2 2 
 = 2 2gC
 mr 2 
.…  v  r, I   10.
 2 
3
 mgh = m2r2
4 P
3 Due to impulse applied to an object, its angular
 gh = 2r2
4 and linear momentum will change.
4gh 1 4gh Using impulse – momentum theorem,
 = =
3r 2 r 3 Linear impulse, P = Δp,
where Δp is change in linear momentum
8. F ∴ P = m (vCM – 0)
P
∴ vCM =
m
O Similarly, angular impulse,
Ra  P PL=IΔω
Mg a mL2
PL = (ω – 0)
x 12
Torque about point P is zero. 12P
∴ ω=
()P = 0 mL
F × R – Mgx = 0 (K.E)Total = (K.E.)Tr + (K.E.)Rot

13
 

JEE (Main): Physics

1 2 1 3. Assertion is true, since g = 0 at centre of earth.

= mvCM + I ω2
2 2 But Reason is false since force due to gravity
2 2 are acting on the body from all sides. The net
1  P  1 mL2  12P 
= m      force is zero but all the forces are still acting.
2  m  2 12  mL 
4. Centre of mass of earth-moon system moves in
P 2 6P 2 13P 2
=   elliptical orbit around sun. Earth and moon rotate
2m m 2m
about their centre of mass.
11. Let h be height at which centre of mass is
12  0  16 1.12 1010
located. 5. RCM =
  12  16
 hdm  hdm =
16
 1.12  1010 m
∴ h= 0

= 0

….(i) 28
 dm  dm = 0.64  1010 m
0 0
6. Let m be mass of disc removed
We know, dP = – ρgdh M
 m= (21)2
RT (28) 2
Also, p =
M 9M
= ….(Surface density is constant)
dRT 16
∴ – ρgdh =
M 7M
 Remaining mass =
d Mgdh 16
∴ =
 RT 7M 9M
  OO2 =  OO1 ….(i)
Substituting in equation (i), 16 16
  OO1 = (28  21) cm = 7 cm
 0 e
 Mgh / RT
hdh Substituting in equation (i),
h= 0
= RT 9

Mg OO2 =  7 cm = 9 cm
 e
 Mgh / RT
0 dh 7
0
7.
As gravitational field is constant, centre of
gravity is same as centre of mass.
r + 4r sin 60
r + 2r sin 60 1  2 3 
Homework Questions r
=
1 3  r =

Centre of mass and its motion  

YCM = 1  3  Mr   2 1 3 Mr  1 2 3 Mr 
6M 
  

1. Explosion occurs under internal forces only. =

 6  4 3  r = 1 2 
 r
 6  3
 Fext = 0
 32 
 Centre of mass remains at rest and linear =   r
momentum of the system is conserved.  3 

2. A Rigid body rotation and

kinematical equations of
F E rotational motion

C d
1. = = 6t2 + 1
B O dt
The lamina (ABC) may be subdivided into For t = 3 s,  = 55 rad/s
narrow strips each parallel to the base (BC) as
  0
shown in figure. 2. =
t
By symmetry each strip has its centre of mass at
 F r
the midpoint. If we do this for all three sides or  – 0 = t = t= t
then we can conclude that centre of mass of I I
lamina must lie on the concurrence of the 10 10 102 10
= = 2 rad/s
medians i.e., centroid. 5
14
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

3.  = 0 +  t 6. M.I. of loop: I = Mr2 (r = radius of loop)
  =t R 2l2
….( the wheel starts from rest)  M2
= = l2 (R = radius of wire)
M1 R l1
2
l1
 2n =  t
2πn 2    120
Now, l2 = 2r2; l1 = 2r1
 = = = 48 rad/s2 1
t 5 I2 r3 r2  I 3 1
 = 23 or =  2  = 43
Now, I1 r1 r1  I1 
1
 = 0 t +  t2 7. dI = dm r2
2
1 1 = ( ds) r2
  =  t2 =  (48)  (5)2 = [(A + Br) (2r dr)] r2
2 2
dI = 2 (Ar3 dr + Br4 dr)
  = 600  rad a
 a a

 I =  dI = 2  A  r 3 dr  B  r 4 dr 
4. Angle rotated in first 5 seconds,  = 2 15 0  0 0 
= 30 rad
 Aa Ba  4 5
1 = 2   
Now,  = 1t +  t2  4 5 
2

 30 = 0 +
1
 (5)2
Torque, kinetic energy and
2 angular momentum
25
 30 =  ….(i) 4r 3
2 1. V=
Total time for rotation considering next 3
5 seconds would be = 5 + 5 = 10 s V 3r
  100 =  100 = 1%
Let N be total angle rotated in 10 s. V r
2
1 r 1 2Mr
 2  N = 0 +  (10)2   100 = % Now, I =
2 r 3 5
100 I r 2
 2 N =  ….(ii)   100 = 2  100 = % = 0.67 %
2 I r 3
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), Since, external torque is absent, I11 = I22
N
= 4  N = 60 I increases by 0.67%   decreases by 0.67%.
15
2. In the planet-star system, no other external
 Number of rotations in last 5 seconds = 60 – 15 torques are acting.
= 45 Since,  = 0, as per principle of conservation of
Moment of Inertia angular momentum, L remains constant.
Therefore, every orbit will have a fixed plane
1. Since the discs are made of different materials, which cannot change on its own.
therefore, they have different density.  
3. F 2 and F1 acts along the hinge line
 For the same mass, the volume in which the 
mass is contained must be different.   will be zero due to them.

2. Flywheel has very large moment of inertia and 4. The space craft starts rotating in the opposite
hence resists the sudden increase or decrease of direction in which the flywheel is rotating i.e.,
the speed of the vehicle. anticlockwise (Towards south), to maintain the
angular momentum of the system at zero.
3. I is always proportional to mass and radius of
L
the body. Here, two bodies having same shape 5. Angular speed of 1st wheel =  =
and same radius are given. I
 I is directly proportional to mass of the body. M.I. of two wheels system I = 2I ( M = 2M)
I  M and I V  Angular speed of two wheel together,
But V = constant L 1
 = = 
 I  2I 2
1
 I1
= 1 =  A l  2f  = 2f
I2 2  iro n 2
But Al  iron 1 1
 f  = f =  600 = 300 rpm
 I1 I2 2 2

15
 

JEE (Main): Physics

6. Initial angular momentum of the system, 10. I1 = 3 kg m2, 1 = 2 rad/s

Li = mv R 1 1
mv2 = I2
Final angular momentum of the system, 2 2
Lf = (Isystem) 
I2
= [Io + (MR2 + mR2)]   v=
m
From conservation of angular momentum,
Li = Lf 3 4
 v= = 1 m/s
 mv R = [Io + (M + m) R2]  12
mv R
 = 11. Torque producing acceleration 1
[I o  (M  m) R 2 ]
  = I11 = 2mD21 ….(i)
 120 
7. i = 2 ni = 2   rad/s = 4 rad/s Same torque produces 2
 60 
  = I22 = 2m(2D)22 ….(ii)
f = 0
Equating (i) and (ii)
Now,  f2 =  i2 + 2
4(2mD2)2 = 2mD21
i2 1
 = ….(f = 0) or 2 = 1.
2 4
  4 
2
4 
= = rad / s 2 Equilibrium of a rigid body
2 10  5
=I=rF 1.
I  mr 2 6  0.5 (4) NW
 F= = = B
r 2r 2 5 
F = 1.2  N NF C
Wall
1  
axis
8. A= ( r   r ) (M + m)g
2
1  

  = 45
= r   v t  
2    A f
Floor

Y
1  P 

A For an electrician to work safely, the system
= r   
B
t 2  m r (ladder + electrician) should be in equilibrium.
  X

A r  Resultant torque at A is zero.

A 1  
  
 
= L ....  L  r  P   A = 0
t 2m  
L
  (M + m) g cos  NW L sin  = 0
 A 2
L=2m
t (10  50) 101 cos 45
 = NW
 2sin 45
L =222
300
 NW = = 300 N
m 2 tan 45o
= 8 kg 
min Also   c = 0

    By principle of moments,
9. L = m  r  v
  Total anticlockwise

Total clockwise
   moment moments
L = m r v sin
L L L
 f sin  + NW sin  = NF cos 
2 2 2
Unit
NF
Particle r Velocity vector in   f + NW =
mass direction L tan 
number sin v
 NF
of L  f=  NW
tan 
1 m d v  mvd 
2 m 2d v  2mvd  1  NF  1  330 
 =   NW  =   300 
3 m 2d 2v  4mvd  Mg  tan   (10 10)  tan 45o

4 m 4d 2v  8mvd  = 0.3
16
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Rolling motion
Thinking Hatke - Q. 3
1 Solving only equation, (i) and (iii) will
1. On sliding, mv2 = mgh
2 lead to option (A).
 v= 2gh
1  K2  Theorems of perpendicular and
On rolling, mv2 1  2  = mgh parallel axes and their
2  R 
applications
2gh
 v =
K2 1. M.I. of the solid cylinder passing through center
1 2
R and perpendicular to its length.
K2 1
For ring, =1 I = MR2
R2 2
v M.I. of the disc about an axis through its edge
 v = and perpendicular to its plane is
2
3
I= Mr2
2. Velocity of the small object is given as, 2
2gh 1 3
v =  MR2 = Mr2
K2 2 2
1+ 2
R 1
2
 r= R
2gv  v 
2 3
v2 = æ K 2 ö÷ ….  h  
g 
g çç1+ 2 ÷÷ 
2. M.I of disc about axis perpendicular to plane
çè R ÷ø
MR 2
K2 = = M K 12
 1+ =2 2
R2
or R2 = 2 K 12
 K2 = R2
M.I. of disc about axis in its plane
K2
 = 1 i.e., For ring. MR 2
R2 = = M K 22
4
3. When open cylinder, circular disc, hollow 2 2
R 2 2K1 K1
sphere slide without rotating, their energy is  K 22 = = =
totally translational. 4 4 2
1 K 2
 E1 = E2 = E3 = mv2 ….(i) or K2 = 1 = 2  10
2 2 2
When open cylinder, circular disc, hollow = 2 × 102
sphere slide without rotating, they have both
translational and rotational energies. = 1.414 × 102 m
1 1 2
 E4 = mv2 + I 3. Consider complete ring of mass 2M,
2 2
ICM = 2MR2 (using r axes theorem)
1 1
= mv2 + m(r22) 1
2 2  Iz = (2MR2) = MR2
2 2
= mv ….(ii)
But given ring is in semicircle with mass M,
E5 = mv2 +  m  (r22)
1 1 1
2 2 2  1 MR 2
I =  Iz =
3 2 2
= mv2 ….(iii)
4
ml 2
4. I1 = and
E6 = mv2 +  m  (r22)
1 1 2
3
2 2 3 
ml 2 13 2
5
= mv2 ….(iv) I2 = + ml2 = ml
12 12
6
From equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), ml 2 13ml 2 17ml 2
 IT = I1 + I2 = + =
E4 > E6 > E5 > E3 = E2 = E1 3 12 12
17
 

JEE (Main): Physics

5. I1 I2 8. X
m m
a
A

a a B

a
m m
X
2
Each solid sphere has its own M.I. = mr2 Let the axis of rotation (XX) be in the plane of
5
ring A
M.I. along one axis, 1
 IA = MR2
2 2
I1 = 2  mr2
5 Now, for ring B, the axis of rotation is through
For another axis, centre and perpendicular to its plane.
 IB = MR2
I2 = 2   mr 2  ma 2  ....( Parallel axes theorem)
2
  Moment of inertia of the system about XX is
5 
MR 2 3
Let, I = I1 + I2 I = IA + IB = + MR2 = MR2
2 2
= 2  mr 2  mr 2  ma 2 
2 2
2
5 5  9. I= MR 2
5
= 2  mr 2  ma 2  = m (4r2 + 5a2)
4 2 dI 2 dR
=  M  2R 
5  5 dt 5 dt
2 5
6. X =  5  2  25 
5 60
A dI 25
A = kg m2 / s
dt 3
a 10. I(n1) = (I + mr2)n2
30 2  10  4
 n2 =  100
 20  10 3   5  10 2 
4 2
60 2  10
B Y
C 2 104
Moment of inertia along X-axis =  100
2 104  50 106
I = IA + IB + IC 2
=  100 = 80 r.p.m
= m(AA′)2 + m(0) + ma2 2.5
From the diagram, 1
11. Initial M.I. = MR2
AA′ = a sin 30° = a 2
2 1
= R4 ....(M = R2)
2 2
I = m   + ma2 = 5 ma2
a
∴ Final M.I. = Initial M.I.  M.I. of the drilled
2   4
part.
Moment of inertia of drilled holes
 m  3r  2   2m  3r 2 
7. I =2    mr 2
+ 2   2mr 2  1 2
R R
2
R R 
2 2

 12   12  = 2            
2 4 4 4 2 
 3m  3r 2  ....(Parallel axes theorem)
+ 2   3mr 2 
R R
4 4
 12  = 
256 32
ML2
Final M.I. = R4  
....(I rod = and parallel axes theorem) 1 1 1 
  
12  2 256 32 
128  1 8  119
= 2    1  2   3  mr2 = 21mr2 = R4 
3 3 9
= R4
4  2 4   256  256

18
 

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

As, L is conserved, 3. Let x1 be the distance Release point
Iii = Iff travelled by the first
Distance
ball in 0.4 s. Distance
1 119 covered in
R4 = R4f after
2 256 1 2 0.4 s 0.2 s (x2)
 x1 = gt
128 2 (x1)
f = 
119 1 m2 = 200 g
=  10  (0.4)2
2
12. Moment of inertia of the rod about the lower
end, = 0.8 m m1 = 100 g
I = Ic + Mh2 Also, x2 be the distance travelled by the second
2 2
ML2 ball in (0.4 – 0.2 = 0.2) 0.2 s.
= ML  M  L  = 1 1
12 2 3  x2 = gt 2 =  10  (0.2)2 x2 = 0.2 m
From conservation of energy, 2 2
1 L Thus, the position of the centre of mass with
I 2 = Mg respect to the release point is given as,
2 2
m1x1  m 2 x 2
MgL 3g xcm =
= = m1  m 2
I L
 v = L = 3gL 100 × 0.8 + 200 × 0.2
xcm =
100 + 200
= 3  10  1 = 5.4 m/s
120
xcm = = 0.4 m
Miscellaneous 300
Hence, the distance between centre of mass and
1. From law of conservation of energy, release point is 0.4 m.
Loss in K.E. of cylinder = Gain in P.E. of spring
1 1 1 13
 mv2 + I2 = kx2 24 5 Numerical Value Type Questions
2 2 2
1 1 1 A
 mv2 + mv2 = kx2 1.
2 4 2
1 10 cm 10 cm
….( Icylinder = MR2; v = R)
2 G
2
3 mv B 6 cm D 6 cm C
 x2 =
2 k 12 cm
Substituting the values,
x2 = 0.27  (AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2
 x  0.52 m  (AD)2 = 100  36 = 64
AD = 8 cm
2. At the highest point,
Centre of mass is at centre of gravity i.e. on the
F = mg (acting in downward direction) median at a distance DG where D is mid- point
u 2 sin 2  of the base.
Horizontal distance travelled =
2g
1 8
 GD =  8 = cm = 2.67 ≈ 3cm
 Torque of the weight of the particle about the 3 3
point of projection is
   2. 0 = 0,  = 18 rad/s, t = 6 s
 = r F = r F sin 
  0 18
= rF ….(at highest point F  r)  = = = 3 rad/s2
t 6
u 2 sin 2  From kinematical equations for rotational motion,
= (mg)
2g 1 2
 = 0t + t
mu2 sin2  mu 2 sin 60o 2
= =
2 2 1
=0+  3  (6)2
3 2 2
= mu
4 = 54 rad

19
 

JEE (Main): Physics

3. L = I;
 100 = I(40  20);
100
 I= = 5;
20
1 1
 E = I ()2 =  5  202 = 1000 J
2 2

MR 2
4. = 44  104 kg-m2
2
MR2 = 88  104
5 5
 MR2 =  88  10–4 = 110  104 kg-m2
4 4

L2
5. K= ….(L = constant)
I
K2 1
 = I1 =
K1 I2 4
K
 K2 = ⇒ n = 4
4

20