§ 5.

3 Sum and Differerence Formulas for Cosine

At this point functions for limited set of

,
we can evaluate
trigonometric a
angles :

①
Quadrantal Angles
②
the ( 38-600-90 45-45-900)
Acute
angles on
special triangles and

③
whose reference
Angles angles are on a special triangle
we will introduce new formulas over the next few sections to expand this set .

Sum and Difference Formulas for Cosine:

①
cos (D- + B) =
cos (A) .

cos (B) -

sin (A) -

sin (B)

② (D- B) (A) (B) + sin (A) (B)

cos cos cos sin
- -
= .
 ( or reference
This means an
angle) that is not
be
on

evaluated
a
special triangle
if it
has a
angle on

be expressed the
a special triangle card can as sum or

difference of two
angles that can be
directly evaluated .

Consider cos ( 105°) :

•
105° terminates in Qa -0=1800-105--750
: ← not on a
triangle
•
105=45+600 ← both on special triangles
•
cos ( 105°) =
cos (45+600) =
cos (45°) cos (60° ) -
sin (45°) sin (60°)

=/ F)(at) (F)(E)
60° -

30° B
=

II. ¥ -

45°
=

ra-
45° I
One of the aspects of and difference formulas
more
challenging utilizing sum is

difference of usable
expressing the initial
angle as a sum or
angles .

9
Remember reference
your
angle calculations :
-0=1800--9
As with other
trigonometric
you might
calculations
,
need to calculate the -0=-0 180°-

-0=-3600--0
a ,

positive coterminal
least
angle .

To find the sum / difference if the

original angle is
greater than 90° :

①
subtract a
special angle from -0

② If reference of
the the result special angle then the pair works
angle is a
,
.

③
If not then move to the next special angle in step 1 .

,
Ex .
Use the sum or difference formula to evaluate each :

①
cos (150)

② cos ( 1650)
③ cos
(4)
we can also use these formulas in reverse :

cos(D- + B) =
cos (A)cos(B) -

sin (A) sin (B) cos (A) cos (B) -

sin (A) sin (B) = cos (D- + B)

Ex Evaluate the
.

following using a sum or difference formula :

(¥) (%-) (¥)

①
cos cos - sin
( sin

②
cos ( 87°) cos (42°) + sin (87°) sin (42°)
 these formulas with known function
we can also use
trigonometric values .

Remember : Pythagorean Identities Reference be used to find

Or
Triangles can

unknown
trigonometric values
Ex If (s) and (t) with Qa
§ then determine
and t
sin
}-
. cos = = s in
,
-

costs -
)
t
 (E)
Ex If sin (s)
3- and sin
§ with s Qa and t Qz then determine
=
.
=
-
in in
,

cos (Stt ) .