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Go by Example - Strings and Runes

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7 views2 pages

Go by Example - Strings and Runes

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qusjqernqxsohiwdkv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Go by Example: Strings and Runes https://gobyexample.

com/strings-and-runes

Go by Example: Strings and Runes


A Go string is a read-only slice of bytes. The
language and the standard library treat strings
specially - as containers of text encoded in UTF-8.
In other languages, strings are made of
“characters”. In Go, the concept of a character is
called a rune - it’s an integer that represents a
Unicode code point. This Go blog post is a good
introduction to the topic.

package main

import (
"fmt"
"unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {

s is a string assigned a literal value representing const s = "สวั สดี"


the word “hello” in the Thai language. Go string
literals are UTF-8 encoded text.

Since strings are equivalent to []byte, this will fmt.Println("Len:", len(s))


produce the length of the raw bytes stored within.

Indexing into a string produces the raw byte for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
values at each index. This loop generates the hex fmt.Printf("%x ", s[i])
values of all the bytes that constitute the code }
fmt.Println()
points in s.

To count how many runes are in a string, we can fmt.Println("Rune count:", utf8.RuneCountInString(s))
use the utf8 package. Note that the run-time of
RuneCountInString depends on the size of the
string, because it has to decode each UTF-8 rune
sequentially. Some Thai characters are
represented by UTF-8 code points that can span
multiple bytes, so the result of this count may be
surprising.

A range loop handles strings specially and decodes for idx, runeValue := range s {
each rune along with its offset in the string. fmt.Printf("%#U starts at %d\n", runeValue, idx)
}

We can achieve the same iteration by using the fmt.Println("\nUsing DecodeRuneInString")


utf8.DecodeRuneInString function explicitly. for i, w := 0, 0; i < len(s); i += w {
runeValue, width := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
fmt.Printf("%#U starts at %d\n", runeValue, i)
w = width

This demonstrates passing a rune value to a examineRune(runeValue)


function. }
}

func examineRune(r rune) {

Values enclosed in single quotes are rune literals. if r == 't' {


We can compare a rune value to a rune literal fmt.Println("found tee")
directly. } else if r == 'ส' {
fmt.Println("found so sua")
}
}

$ go run strings-and-runes.go
Len: 18
e0 b8 aa e0 b8 a7 e0 b8 b1 e0 b8 aa e0 b8 94 e0 b8 b5
Rune count: 6

1 of 2 11/26/24, 23:34
Go by Example: Strings and Runes https://gobyexample.com/strings-and-runes

U+0E2A 'ส' starts at 0


U+0E27 'ว' starts at 3
U+0E31 'ั' starts at 6
U+0E2A 'ส' starts at 9
U+0E14 'ด' starts at 12
U+0E35 'ี' starts at 15

Using DecodeRuneInString
U+0E2A 'ส' starts at 0
found so sua
U+0E27 'ว' starts at 3
U+0E31 'ั' starts at 6
U+0E2A 'ส' starts at 9
found so sua
U+0E14 'ด' starts at 12
U+0E35 'ี' starts at 15

Next example: Structs.

by Mark McGranaghan and Eli Bendersky | source | license

2 of 2 11/26/24, 23:34

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