10

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Lithosphere
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: The Lithosphere
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Brian E. Ilan EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Mamongay, Wilmar F. MA.,

Datuin, Rodolfo D., LPT.,
Chavez, Rebecca S., LPT

Editor: Edwin I. Salviejo EdD

Reviewers: Edwin I. Salviejo EdD

Layout Artist: Diane Marie Lavarias

Management Team: Angelita S. Jalimao

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Edwin I. Salviejo EdD

Division Science Coordinator/School Principal I

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 10

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Lithosphere
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science-Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The

Lithosphere !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science-Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The

Lithosphere!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
 In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Lithosphere. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

This module consists of one (1) lesson namely;

● Lesson 1 – The Earth’s Crust

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the Earth’s lithosphere and differentiate oceanic and continental
crust.
2. Infer that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates.
3. Identify the major lithospheric plates.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on the space provided.
_____1. The Earth’s interior has different layers. Which layer is the thinnest?
A. crust B. inner core C. mantle D. outer core
_____2. What makes up the lithosphere?
A. upper mantle
B. continental crust
C. crust and upper mantle
D. oceanic crust and continental crust
_____3. Continental crust is thicker than the oceanic crust. Which statement is TRUE
about the continental crust?
A. This is where oceans are found.
B. It moves under the oceanic crust.
C. It is denser than the oceanic crust.
D. It is less dense than the oceanic crust.
_____4. Lithospheric plates are constantly moving in different directions. Why are
lithospheric plates moving?
A. they are moved by the Earth’s rotation.
B. they are moved by the water in the oceans.
C. they are moved by the convection current in the mantle.
D. they are moved by the gravitational attraction of the Earth to other planets.
_____5. How do you compare the density of the continental crust and oceanic crust?
A. Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust.
B. Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.
C. The density of the continental and oceanic crust is equal.
D. The density of the continental and oceanic crust is difficult to measure.
 Lesson

1 The Earth’s Crust

Our Earth is a planet full of mystery. It has a lot of mysterious activities on how
it was created and developed to what it is right now. The earth is divided into layers
like the lithosphere which is composed of several major and minor plates. Scientists
believed that these plates are constantly moving in different directions and because
they are moving, many predicted that the Earth’s tectonic plates may be in different
locations after a million years.

What’s In

In your Grade 9 Science, one of the lessons was about volcanoes and their
types. You have learned that the Philippines is in the Pacific Ring of Fire. You also
have learned about the active and inactive volcanoes in the country and their
relationships to the Ring of Fire.

To review some of the facts about volcanoes, try to answer the table below.

Determine the type of volcano based on the given descriptions. Put a smiley on the box
of your answer.

Description Shield Cinder Cone Composite

1. They are formed by the accumulation

of lava that oozes out from the volcano.
2. They are large, nearly perfect sloped
structures formed from alternate
solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits.
3. These are built from ejected lava
fragments.
4. The structure of this volcano is broad
and slightly domed.
5. They have steep slopes, wide craters
and the most abundant among the three
types.

What’s New

The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. It is made up of the brittle
crust and the top part of the upper mantle. This module will focus on the outermost
layer which is called the crust.
 The crust is made of a variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic, and
igneous. It has an average density of 2.8 c/cm3 and its thickness ranges from 5 to 50
km. The crust is thickest in a part where a relatively
young mountain is present and thinnest along the
ocean floor.
There are two kinds of crust, the continental
crust and the oceanic crust.

Continental Crust
The continental crust is the layer of granitic,
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks which form
the continents and the areas of shallow seabed
close to their shores, known as continental shelves.
Figure1: The Earth’s Crust
It is less dense than the material of the Earth's mantle Source:
and thus "floats" on top of it. Continental crust is https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
also less dense than oceanic crust, though it is le:Continental_and_oceanic_crust.png
considerably thicker; mostly 35 to 40 km. About 40% of the Earth's surface is now
underlain by continental crust.
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic crust is the outermost layer of
Earth’s lithosphere that is found under
the oceans and formed at spreading
centers on oceanic ridges, which occur at divergent
plate boundaries.
Figure 2 shows a cross-section of Earth's outer
layers, from the crust through the lower mantle.
Oceanic crust is about 6 km (4 miles) thick. It
is composed of several layers, not including the Figure2: Earth’s Outer layers
overlying sediment. The topmost layer, about 500 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth-crust
meters (1,650 feet) thick, includes lavas made
of basalt (rock material consisting
largely of plagioclase [feldspar]
and pyroxene). It is denser but
thinner than the continental crust.
The Earth is consisting of
layers like lithosphere and
asthenosphere. The lithosphere is
the rigid, solid, outermost part of the
earth including the crust and the
upper mantle. It is broken up into
major and minor plates.

Figure3: Lithospheric plates

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_boundar -

These are called lithospheric plates. Lithospheric or tectonic plates are constantly
moving in different directions and at different speeds.

What is It

A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped

slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
 ACTIVITY 1
DESCRIBE ME!

Identify the type of crust being described by drawing a smiley on the column of your
answer.

Description Continental Oceanic

1. It is the layer of granitic, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks which form the continents and the
areas of shallow seabed close to their shores
2. It is denser but thinner.

3. It is about 6 km (4 miles) thick

4. It is less dense than the material of the Earth's

mantle and thus "floats" on top of it.
5. It is 35-40 km in thickness.

6. The outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that is

found under the oceans and formed at spreading
centers on oceanic ridges.

7. This is where mountains, volcanic arcs, hills are

found and located.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2
AM I TECTONIC PLATES?

Read each statement below. Determine if it is a correct description of lithospheric

plates. Write your signature on the column of your answer.

DESCRIPTION YES NO
1. Lithospheric (tectonic) plates are the rigid, solid,
outermost part of the earth including the crust and the
upper mantle that move as a unit.
2. Plates are constantly moving.

3. Plates move in one direction.

4. Some plates move faster than the other.

5. Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's

lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying
asthenosphere.

6. Plate motions range up to a typical 10–40 mm/year

7. The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates.
 What I Have Learned

• There are two kinds of crust, the continental crust and the oceanic crust.
• Continental crust is thicker but less dense than the oceanic crust.
• Oceanic crust is thinner but denser than the continental crust.
• Continental crust is about 35-40 km in thickness while the oceanic is just about
6km in thickness.
• Lithospheric (tectonic) plates are the rigid, solid, outermost part of the earth
including the crust and the upper mantle that move as a unit.
• Plates are constantly moving in different directions at different speeds.
• Plate motions range up to a typical 10–40 mm/year (Mid-Atlantic Ridge; about
as fast as fingernails grow), to about 160 mm/year (Nazca Plate; about as fast
as hair grows).
• The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates.
• The Earth's lithosphere is composed of several major and minor plates
(depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates.

What I Can Do

LET’S SEARCH THE WORD!

Find and circle the words in the puzzle.
 Additional Activities

Given the assigned number for each letter of the alphabet, complete and identify the statement
below by writing the letters that correspond to each number. Then write your answer on the
space provided.
1-A 6-F 11-K 16-P 21-U 26-Z

2-B 7-G 12-L 17-Q 22-V

3-C 8-H 13-M 18-R 23-W

4-D 9-I 14-N 19-S 24-X

5-E 10-J 15-O 20-T 25-Y

1. . Answer: ____________________
20 8 5 2 12 15 3 11 19 15 6 12 1 14 4 13 1 19 19

2. .
20 8 5 19 5 1 18 5 5 4 7 5 19 23 8 5 18 5 20 23 15 16 12 1 20 5 19 13 5 5 20

Answer: ____________________

3. .
9 20 9 19 20 8 5 1 22 5 18 1 7 5 18 1 20 5 15 6 13 15 22 5 13 5 14 20 15 6 16 12 1 20 5 19

Answer: ____________________

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on the space provided.
____1. How will you describe a continental crust?
A. It is a thin shell on the outside of the Earth, accounting for less than 1% of
Earth's volume. It lies on top of the mantle.
B. It is mostly solid bulk of Earth's interior. It lies between Earth's dense,
super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust.
C. It is a layer of rocks that forms the continents and areas of shallow seabed
close to their shores, known as continental shelves.
D. It is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion. It overlies the solidified and
uppermost layer of the mantle.
_____2. Which of these statements is true about the lithosphere and the crust?
I. Lithosphere refers to the mechanical composition of the Earth and the crust
refers to the structural composition of the Earth.
II. The lithosphere and crust are situated in the innermost layer of the Earth.
III. The lithosphere and crust both have continental and oceanic divisions.
A. I and II C. II and III
B. I and III D. III only
_____3. Oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. Which statement is TRUE
about the oceanic crust?
A. This is where mountains are found.
B. It moves above the continental crust.
C. It is denser than the continental crust.
D. It is less dense than the continental crust.
_____4. Which statement regarding oceanic and continental crust is CORRECT?
A. Oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust.
B. Oceanic crust is less hot than the Continental crust.
C. Oceanic and continental crust have the same density.
D. Oceanic crust is less dense than the continental crust.
_____5. Which type of crust consists of granitic rocks?

A. The upper mantle C. The oceanic crust

B. The continental crust D. The asthenosphere

References

● https://www.reddit.com/r/geology/comments/5lubx2/i_need_some_help_placi
ng_volcano_and_mountain/
● http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html
● htpp:// www.quora.com › How-can-you-relate-the-distribution-of...
● https://unsplash.com/images/nature/mountain
● Valdoz, Meliza P.(2015) Science links (Work text for Scientific and technology
literacy )1st/ed.Rex Publishing Store,Inc
● https://images.app.goo.gl/7Mt3fWyPF8G6XoCc8
● https://en.wikipedia.org
● https://commons.wikimedia.org
● https://images.app.goo.gl/Yf2Pkt6eXYy2Tjy99
● Science Grade 10 Learner’s Material First Edition 2015
●

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862

Email Address: [email protected]