CBSE Class 10 Science

Chapter - 6
LIFE PROCESSES

General Instruction: All Questions are compulsory. There are total 31 questions.

1. Due to availability of less water, how does the plant cope up with lack of water in
desert conditions?
Ans. They open their stomata at night and stomata remain closed during day time, to
conserve moisture.
2. After a vigorous exercise, you may experience cramps in your leg muscles. Why
does this happen?
The sudden build up of lactic acid in our muscles during vigorous, exercise, causes
muscular cramps in our leg muscles.
3. What will happen if carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin?
Ans. If the haemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide strongly, the oxygen will not be
carried with blood leading to death of the organism
4. Food moves down the gut by peristalsis. Which region of brain controls peristalsis?
Ans. Medulla of hind brain.
5. Name the pigment present in plants, which can absorb solar energy.
Ans. Chlorophyll.
6. Name the respiratory organs of (i) fish (ii) mosquito (iii) earthworm.
Ans. Fish - gills
7. Which of the four chambers of the human heart has the thickest muscular walls?
Ans. Right ventricle.
8. What will be the outcome if a farmer floods his field everyday?
Ans. Respiration of plants will be affected because the oxygen present in the interspaces
of the soil will be replaced bv water.
9. Which part of visible spectrum is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments?
Ans. Blue and Red light
10. How does respiration in plants differ from that in animals?
Ans. In plants, all parts like the root, stem, leaves, etc., perform respiration individually.,
while in animals, either the general body surface or specific organs like the skin, gills,
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 lungs, etc., are involved in respiration. The rate of respiration ins much slower in plants
than in animals. Unlike animals, there is little transport of gases from one part of the
plant to another.
11. Name the cartilaginous flap which closes the glottis to check the entry of food into it
during swallowing.
Ans. Epiglottis
12. Which equipment is used to facilitate breathing during serious breathing problems?
Ans. Ventilator
13. Chloroplast are called energy convertors. Explain.
Ans. Chloroplasts are called energy convertors because they trap the solar energy and
convert it into chemical energy.
14. Why is the rate if breathing much faster in aquatic organism than those of
terrestrial organisms?
Ans. The aquatic organism obtain oxygen dissolved in water. As compared to air the
availability of oxygen in water is fairly low. Hence, the aquatic organisms have to breathe
faster as compared to the terrestrial organisms.
15. Why are glomeruli considered as dialysis bags?
Ans. The main function performed by the glomeruli is selective filtration. They filter
small molecules containing glucose, salts, urea, and liquid serum. Etc. The large
molecules such as proteins remain in blood. Thus, glomeruli of the kidneys function as
dialysis bags.
16. Autotrophs synthesise food for the living world. Justify this statement in one
sentence only interconnecting autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Ans. THe food producers are autotrophs and all the heterotrophs consume the food
produced by the autotrophs directly or indirectly.
17. Veins and arteries carry blood. Which of these carry blood?
a. Away from the heart?
b. Back to the heart?
Ans.
a. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
b. Large intestine
18. Which of the organs perform the following functions in humans?
i. Absorption of food.
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 ii. Absorption of water
Ans.
i. Absorption of food takes place in small intestine.
ii. Large intestine
19. Name the areas in a woody stem through which respiratory exchange of gases take
place.
Ans. In woody stem, the bark has lenticels for gaseous exchange.
20. Tooth enamel is one of the hardest substances in our body. How does it undergo
damage due to eating chocolates and sweets?
Ans. The acid is formed in the mouth after a sugary food (chocolates and sweet) has been
taken. This acid lowers the pH in the mouth. Tooth decay starts when the pH of acid
formed in the mouth falls below 5.5. This is because then the acid becomes strong enough
to attack the enamel of our teeth and corrode it.
21. A certain tissue in a green plant somehow get blocked and the leaves wilted. What
was the tissue that got blocked?
Ans. The tissue that got blocked may be xylem. It is through the xylem that water and
minerals absorbed by roots from the soil are transported to the leaves and other parts of
the plant. So, if xylem is blocked, the leaves will not get the nourishment and will get
wilted
22. Write one feature which is common to each of the following pairs of the
term/organs.
1. glycogen and starch
2. chlorophyll and haemoglobin
3. gills and lungs
4. arteries and veins.
Ans.
1. Carbohydrate (food)
2. Pigments
3. Respiratory organs.
4. Blood vessels.
23. Why doesn’t the lungs collapse even after forceful expiration?
Ans.Even after forceful expiration to the maximum capacity, some amount of air remains
in the lungs, known as residual volume. So, the lungs doesn’t collapse even after forceful
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 expiration.
24. The two openings of the pharynx, one leading to trachea and the other leading to
oesophagus, lie very close to each other. Yet food we swallow normally does not
enter into our trachea. Why?
Ans. The food does not enter into trachea because during swallowing, the aperture
leading to trachea (glottis) gets covered by a caratilaginous flap called epiglottis and the
food has no other passage except going into the oesophagus.
25. How would it affect the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates if the duodenum of
man if there is a blockade in the pancreatic duct?
Ans. Duodenum is the region where the pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas enters.
The enzymes pancreatic amylase and trypsin helps in the digestion of carbohydrates and
proteins. Thus, if there is a blockade, the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins gets
affected.
26. What do you mean by double circulation of blood?
Ans. Blood passes through the heart twice for each cycle of the body.
27. “If there were no algae there would be no fish in the sea”. Comment.
Ans. Algae produce O2 as result of the photosynthesis. This oxygen is utilized by the
fishes in the sea for carrying out respiration. If there were no algae, no oxygen would
have been produced. Thus, fishes might have died.
28. Write the functions of the following in the digestive process:
i. Bile
ii. Bicarbonate secreted by the duodenal wall.
iii. Pancreatic amylase.
Ans.
1. Bile: It is secreted by the gall bladder and it emulsifies the fats into the smaller
droplets for their easy digestion.
2. It provides alkaline medium in the duodenum which is needed for the action of
pancreatic enzymes of different food components for their digestion.c
3. Pancreatic amylase enzyme digests starch and changes it into maltose.
29. Why is the process of diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirement of
human beings?
Ans. The process of diffusion for carrying O2 to all parts of the body is not sufficient for
larger multicellular organisms like human beings. Hence, respiratory pigment
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 haemoglobin takes up oxygen from the air and carry it to all the parts of our body
through blood.
30. Draw a diagram of human alimentary canal showing duodenum, small intestine,
liver and pancreas.
31. Draw a diagram of the human urinary system and label in it.
a. Kidney
b. Ureter
c. Urinary Bladder
d. Urethra

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