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35-Gated RNNs - Optimization For Long-Term Dependencies - Explicit Memory-07!10!2024

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10 views3 pages

35-Gated RNNs - Optimization For Long-Term Dependencies - Explicit Memory-07!10!2024

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gupta
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Autoencoders are a type of artificial neural network used for unsupervised

learning. They are designed to learn efficient representations of data, typically


for the purpose of dimensionality reduction or feature l

earning.

https://towardsdatascience.com/applied-deep-learning-part-3-autoencoders-
1c083af4d798

Structure of Autoencoders
1. Encoder:

o The encoder part of the network compresses the input data into a
lower-dimensional representation, known as the "latent space" or
"bottleneck."
o It consists of one or more layers that progressively reduce the
dimensionality of the input data.
2. Latent Space:

oThis is the compressed representation of the input data. The size


of the latent space is typically smaller than the input, forcing the
network to learn the most important features.
3. Decoder:

o The decoder reconstructs the original data from the compressed


representation.
o It consists of one or more layers that progressively increase the
dimensionality back to the original input size.

4. Reconstruction Loss:

o The network is trained to minimize the difference between the


input data and its reconstruction. This is often done using a loss
function like mean squared error (MSE).

Applications of Autoencoders
 Dimensionality Reduction: Autoencoders can reduce the dimensionality
of data, similar to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), but with the
ability to capture non-linear relationships.
 Denoising: Denoising autoencoders can remove noise from data by
learning to reconstruct the original, noise-free data.
 Anomaly Detection: By learning the normal patterns in data,
autoencoders can identify anomalies as instances that are poorly
reconstructed.
 Image Compression: Autoencoders can compress images into a smaller
size and then reconstruct them, useful for storage and transmission.
 Feature Learning: They can learn useful features from unlabeled data,
which can be used in other machine learning tasks.

Types of Autoencoders
 Vanilla Autoencoders: The basic form with a simple encoder-decoder
structure.
 Denoising Autoencoders: Trained to reconstruct the original input from
a corrupted version.
 Sparse Autoencoders: Encourage sparsity in the latent space, leading to
more interpretable features.
 Variational Autoencoders (VAEs): Introduce a probabilistic approach to
learning the latent space, allowing for the generation of new data
samples.

Example Code
example of an autoencoder using Python and Keras:
from keras.layers import Input, Dense
from keras.models import Model

# Define the size of the input and latent space


input_dim = 784 # Example for MNIST dataset
latent_dim = 32

# Encoder
input_layer = Input(shape=(input_dim,))
encoded = Dense(128, activation='relu')(input_layer)
encoded = Dense(latent_dim, activation='relu')(encoded)

# Decoder
decoded = Dense(128, activation='relu')(encoded)
decoded = Dense(input_dim, activation='sigmoid')(decoded)

# Autoencoder model
autoencoder = Model(input_layer, decoded)

# Compile the model


autoencoder.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy')

# Summary of the model


autoencoder.summary()

This code defines a simple autoencoder for a dataset like MNIST, where the
input dimension is 784 (28x28 images flattened) and the latent space
dimension is 32. The model is compiled with the Adam optimizer and binary
cross-entropy loss, suitable for binary data like MNIST.

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