ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Surampalem
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Academic Year: 2020-21 Tutorials
Programme : ME Class: IInd yr Semester: I
Course Code: R1921032
Course Title: Mechanics of Solids

Unit - I

1. A force P of 70 N is applied by a rider to the front hand brake of a bicycle (P is the resultant of
an evenly distributed pressure). As the hand brake pivots at A, a tension T develops in the 460-
mm long brake cable (Ae = 1.075 mm2) which elongates 0.214 mm. Find normal stress and
strain in the brake cable.

2. A circular aluminium tube of length L = 400 mm is loaded in compression by forces P (see

figure). The outside and inside diameters are 60 mm and 50 mm, respectively. A strain gage is
placed on the outside of the bar to measure normal strains in the longitudinal direction. (a) If
the measured strain is 550 X 10-6. what is the shortening deflection of the bar? (b) If the
compressive stress in the bar is intended to be 40 MPa, what should be the load P?

3. A control rod made of yellow brass must not stretch more than 3 mm when the tension in the
wire is 4 kN. Knowing that E = 105 GPa and that the maximum allowable normal stress is 180
MPa, determine (a) the smallest diameter that can be elected for the rod, (b) the corresponding
maximum length of the rod.
4. A single axial load of magnitude P = 58 kN is applied at end C of the brass rod ABC. Knowing
that E = 105 GPa, determine the diameter d of portion BC for which the deflection of point C
will be 3 mm.

5. Both portions of the rod ABC are made of an aluminum for which E = 70
GPa. Knowing that the magnitude of P is 4 kN, determine (a) the value of Q so
that the deflection at A is zero, (b) the corresponding deflection of B.

6. A 1.2-m section of aluminum pipe of cross-sectional area 1100 mm2 rests on a

fixed support at A. The 15-mm-diameter steel rod BC hangs from a rigid bar
that rests on the top of the pipe at B. Knowing that the modulus of elasticity is
200 GPa for teel and 72 GPa for aluminum, determine the deflection of point
C when a 60 kN force is applied at C.
7. An axial force of 60 kN is applied to the assembly shown by means of rigid end
plates. Determine (a) the normal stress in the brass shell, (b) the corresponding
deformation of the assembly.

8. For the composite block shown, determine (a) the value

of h if the portion of the load carried by the aluminum
plates is half the portion of the load carried by the brass
core, (b) the total load if the stress in the brass is 80 MPa.

9. Three steel rods (E = 200 GPa) support a 36-kN load P. Each of the rods AB and CD has 200-
mm2 cross-sectional area and rod EF has a 625 mm2 cross sectional area, Determine the (a) the
change in length of rod EF, (b) the stress in each rod.

10. A steel tube (E = 200 GPa) with a 32-mm outer diameter and a 4-mm thickness is placed in a
vise that is adjusted so that its jaws just touch the ends of the tube without exerting any pressure
on them. The two forces shown are then applied to the tube. After these forces are applied, the
vise is adjusted to decrease the distance between its jaws by 0.2 mm. Determine (a) the forces
exerted by the vise on the tube at A and D, (b) the change in length of the portion BC of the
tube.

11. The concrete post (E= 25 GPa and 𝛂c = 9.9 x 10-6/°C) is reinforced with six steel bars,
each of 22-mm diameter (Es =200 GPa and 𝛂s = 11.7 x 10-6/°C). Determine the
normal stresses induced in the steel and in the concrete by a temperature rise of 35°C.

12. Determine (a) the compressive force in the bars shown after a temperature rise of
96°C, (b) the corresponding change in length of the bronze bar.
13. Knowing that a 0.5-mm gap exists when the
temperature is 20 °C, determine (a) the temperature at which the normal stress in the aluminum
bar will be equal to -90 MPa, (b) the corresponding exact length of the aluminum bar.

14. For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted on
the oblique fade of the shaded triangular element shown. 𝛉 = 550

15. For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted
on the oblique fade of the shaded triangular element shown. 𝛉 = 30 0

16. For the given state of stresses, determine (a) the principal planes, (b) the
principal stresses.

17. For the given state of stresses, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the element
shown has been rotated through (a) 25° clockwise, (b) 10° counter clockwise.

(1) (2)

18. Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 x 80 mm are welded together
as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are applied to the welded
plates and that 𝛃 = 25°, determine (a) the in-plane shearing stress parallel
to the weld, (b) the normal stress perpendicular to the weld. (Use both
analytical and Mohr circle methods)

19. The steel pipe AB has A 102-mm outer diameter and a 6-mm wall
thickness. Knowing that arm CD is rigidly attached to the pipe,
determine the principal stresses and a maximum shearing stress at
point H using analytical and graphical method (Mohr circle).
 Unit – II

Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and loading shown.
 Unit – III

1. A rectangular beam of breadth 100 mm and depth 200 mm is simply supported over
a span of 4 m. The beam is loaded with a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m over
the entire span. Find the maximum bending stresses.

2. A beam of I-section shown in Fig. 23 is simply supported over a span of 10 m. It

carries a uniform load of 4 kN/m over the entire span. Evaluate the maximum
bending stresses.

2. A beam of an I-section shown in Fig. 24 is simply supported over a span of 4 m. Find

the uniformly distributed load the beam can carry if the bending stress is not to
exceed 100 N/mm2.

3. A beam of an I-section shown in Fig. 24 is simply supported over a span of 4 m. Find

the uniformly distributed load the beam can carry if the bending stress is not to
exceed 100 N/mm2.
4. A timber beam of rectangular section carries a load of 2 kN at mid-span. The beam is
simply supported over a span of 3.6 m. If the depth of section is to be twice the
breadth, and the bending stress is not to exceed 9 N/mrn2, determine the cross-
sectional dimensions.
5. A rectangular beam of width 200 mm and depth 300 mm is simply supported over a
span of 5
m. Find the safe uniformly distributed load that the beam can carry per metre length if
the allowable bending stress in the beam is 100 N/mm2.

6. A rectangular beam of size 60 mm x 100 mm has a central rectangular hole of size 15

mm x 20 mm. The beam is subjected to bending and the maximum bending stress is
limited to 100 N/mm2. Find the moment of resistance of the hollow beam section.

7. Find the ratio of the dimensions of the strongest rectangular beam that can be cut
from a circular log of wood of diameter D.
8. Two sections of same material; one of solid circular section and the other hollow
circular section of internal diameter half the external diameter, have the same
flexural strength. Which one of them is economical?
9. A cantilever of 2 m length and square section 200 mm x 200 mm, just fails in bending
when a point load of 12 kN is placed at its free end. A beam of rectangular cross
section of same material, 150 mm wide and 300 mm deep, is simply supported over
a span of 3 m. Calculate the maximum concentrated load that the beam can carry at
its centre without failure.

10. For a given sectional area, compare the moments of resistance of circular and square
section.
11. Compare the moments of resistance of a square section of given material when the
beam section is placed such that (i) two sides are parallel and (ii) one diagonal
vertical.
12. Three beams of same material with circular, square and rectangular cross sections
have the same length and are subjected to same maximum bending moment. The
depth of the rectangular section is twice the width. Compare their weights.

13. A beam of symmetric I-section has flange size 100 mm x 15 mm, overall depth 250
mm. Thickness of web is 8 mm. Compare the flexural strength of this section with that
of a beam of rectangular section of same material and area. The width of rectangular
section is two- third of its depth.

14. A cast iron beam of an I-section with top flange 80 mm x 40 mm, bottom flange 160
mm x 40 mm and web 120 mm x 20 mm. If the tensile stress is not to exceed 30 N/mm2
and compressive stress 90 N/mm2, what is the maximum uniformly distributed load
the beam can carry over a simply supported span of 6 m, if the bottom flange is in
tension?
15. Two wooden planks 60 mm x 160 mm each are connected together to form a cross
section of a beam as shown in the Fig. If a sagging bending moment of 3500 N.m is
applied about the horizontal axis, find the stresses at the extreme fibre of the cross-
section. Also calculate the total tensile force on the cross-section.

16. A water main of 1000 mm internal diameter and 10 mm thickness is running full. If
the bending stress is not to exceed 56 N/mm2, find the greatest span on which the
pipe may be freely supported. Steel and water weigh 76800 N/m3 and 10000 N/m3
respectively.
 Unit - IV
1. Determine the maximum deflection δ in a simply supported beam of length L
carrying a concentrated load P at midspan.
2. Find the equation of the elastic curve for the cantilever beam shown in Fig. 2; it
carries a load that varies from zero at the wall to wo at the free end. Take the origin
at the
wall.

Figure 2
3. Compute the value of EI δ at midspan for the beam loaded as shown in Fig 3. If E
= 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the
span?

Figure 3
4. For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. 4, determine (a) the deflection and slope
under the load P and (b) the maximum deflection between the supports.

Figure 4
5. Determine the value of EIy midway between the supports for the beam loaded as
shown in Fig 5.

Figure 5
6. For the beam loaded as shown in Fig 6, compute the moment of area of the M diagrams
between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction.

Figure 6
7. For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. 7, compute the moment of area of the M diagrams
between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction. (Hint: Draw the moment
diagram by parts from right to left.)

Figure7

8. The cantilever beam shown in Fig. 8 has a rectangular cross-section 50 mm wide by h mm

high. Find the height h if the maximum deflection is not to exceed 10 mm. Use E = 10 GPa.

Figure 8
9. For the cantilever beam shown in Fig. E4.9, what is the force (P) will cause zero deflection at
A?

Figure 9

10. Compute the deflection and slope at a section 3 m from the wall for the beam shown in Figure
10. Assume that E = 10 GPa and I = 30 × 106 mm4.
 Figure 10
11. Compute the midspan value of EIδ for the beam shown in Fig 11. (Hint: Draw the M diagram
by parts, starting from midspan toward the ends. Also take advantage of symmetry to note
that the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at midspan is horizontal.)

Figure 11
12. A simple beam supports a concentrated load placed anywhere on the span, as shown in Fig.
12. Measuring x from A, show that the maximum deflection occurs at x = √[(L2 - b2)/3].

Figure 12
 Unit – V
1. A shell 3.25 m long and 1 m diameter, is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.2 N/mm2. If the
thickness of the shell is 10 mm find the circumferential and longitudinal stresses. Find also the
maximum shear stress and changes in dimensions of the shell. Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and
Poissons ratio = 0.3.
2. A cylindrical shell 2.4 m long 600 mm in diameter with metal thickness 12 mm is completely
filled with water at atmospherical pressure. If an additional 300,000 mm3 water is then pumped
in, find the stresses developed and change in dimensions. Take E = 2 × 105 N/mm2, μ = 0.3.
3. The diameter of a riveted boiler is 1.5 m and has to withstand a pressure of 2 N/mm2. Find the
thickness of plates to be used if efficiency is 85% in longitudinal joints and 40% in circumferential
joints. The permissible stress is 150 N/mm2.
4. A copper cylinder of 100 mm diameter and metal thickness 4 mm is closely wound with steel
wire of 2 mm diameter with tensile stress of 60 N/mm2. Find the stresses in copper cylinder and
steel wire when a fluid is filled at a pressure of 4 N/mm2. Take Es = 2 × 105 N/mm2, Ec = 1.2 ×
105 N/mm2 and μc = 0.28.
5. A thin spherical shell of diameter 1.2 m has metal thickness of 10 mm at atmospheric pressure.
Find the change in diameter and the capacity of the shell if fluid pressure is raised to 2.5 N/mm2.
6. In a chemical plant a sphere of diameter 900 mm and metal thickness 8 mm is used to store a
gas. If the permissible stress in the metal is 150 N/mm2, find the maximum pressure with which
the gas can be stored if
a. the sphere is seamless
b. the efficiency of joint is 0.65.
7. A thick cylindrical pipe of outside diameter 300 mm and internal diameter of 200 mm is
subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 20 N/mm2 and external fluid pressure of 5 N/mm2.
Determine the maximum hoop stress developed and draw the variation of hoop stress and radial
stress across the thickness. Indicate values at every 25 mm interval.
8. A thick cylindrical pipe of internal radius 150 mm and external radius 200 mm is subjected to an
internal fluid pressure of 17.5 N/mm2. Determine the maximum hoop stress in the cross-section.
What is the percentage error if it is determined from thin cylinders theory?
9. The internal and external diameters of a thick cylinder are 300 mm and 500 mm respectively. It
is subjected to an external pressure of 4 N/mm2. Find the internal pressure that can be applied if
the permissible stress in cylinder is limited to 13 N/mm2. Sketch the variation of hoop stress and
radial stress across the thickness of the cylinder.
10. A compound cylinder of inner radius 100 mm, outer radius 240 mm has common radius at 180
mm. The radial pressure developed at junction is 12 N/mm2. Determine the radial and hoop
stresses developed at inner, common and outer radii when the fluid is admitted at a pressure of
60 N/mm2.
11. A compound cylinder is to made with inner radius of 160 mm and outer radius of 320 mm. The
radius at common junction is to be 240 mm. If the two cylinders with allowance 0.3 mm are
used, find the radial pressure developed at contact surfaces. Also determine the hoop stresses
induced at inner edge, common edge and outer edge of compound cylinder. Take Young's
modulus E = 2 × 105 N/mm2.
12. A spherical shell with internal diameter 320 mm and 640 mm external diameter is subjected to
an internal fluid pressure of 75 N/mm2. Find the hoop stresses developed at 40 mm interval
across the thickness.