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POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS

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ALGEBRA - 1
POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS

Exponents:

1. a m ´ a n = a m + n 2. (a m )n = a mn
m
am a m æ a ö
3. = a m - n 4. = ç ÷
an b m è b ø
5. (ab)m = a m b m 6. a 0 = 1, for a ¹ 0
1 8. a1 n = n a
7. a - n =
an
9. q 10. am = an and a ¹ -1, 0,1 ,then m = n
a p q = a p where p and q are real numbers and q ¹ 0

Algebraic Formulae
1.   (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2.   (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
3.   (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
4.   (a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2
5.   (x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
6.   (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
7.   (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b)
8.   a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2 )
9.   a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 )

1.   What is the value of - 3a2b when a = -4 and b = 0.5?

2.   What is the sum of 5x2 + 10x - 7 and 3x2 - 4x + 2 ?

3.   Subtract 3x2 - 4x + 2 from 5x2 + 10x - 7 .

4.   What is the average (arithmetic mean) of 5x2 + 10x - 7 , 3x2 - 4x + 2 and 4x2 + 2 ?

5.   What is the product of 3xy2z3 and -2 x2 y ?

6.   What is the product of 2a and 3a2 - 6ab + b2 ?

7.   What is the value of (x - 2)(x + 3) - (x - 4)(x + 5) ?

8.   If a - b = 17.5 and a + b = 10 ,what is the value of a2 - b2 ?

9.   If x2 + y2 = 36 and ( x + y )2 = 64 , what is the value of xy ?

10.   What is the quotient when 32a2b + 12ab3c is divided by 8ab ?

11.   If x2 - y2 = 14 and x - y = 7 , what is the value of x + y ?

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POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS

3x 2 - 12
12.   Which of the following is equivalent to ?
x 2 - 4x + 4
(A)   3 (B) 3(x + 2) (C) 3(x + 4) (D) 3x + 2 (E) 6
x - 2 x - 4 x - 2 4x - 4

13.   What is the sum of the reciprocals of x2and y 2 ?

Ø   If 0 < x < 1 , then

1
1. ......3 x > x > x > x 2 > x 3 > x 4 > ...... 2. >x
x

n >1 n raised to any power : n x > 1 (the greater the exponent , the greater the value of n x )
n < -1 n raised to even power : n x > 1 (the greater the exponent , the greater the value of n x )
n raised to odd power : n x < 1 (the greater the exponent , the lesser the value of n x )
0 < n <1 n raised to even power : 0 < n x > 1 (the greater the exponent , the lesser the value of n x )
-1 < n < 0 n raised to even power : 0 < n x < 1 (the greater the exponent , the lesser the value of n x ,
approaching 0 on the number line)
n raised to odd power : -1 < n x < 0 (the greater the exponent , the greater the value of n x ,
approaching 0 on the number line)

14.   If -1 < x < 0, which of the following must be true?

I.   x < x2
II.   x2 < x3
III.   x < x3
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) I and III only (E) I, II, and III

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Answers
1.-24 2. 8x2 + 6x - 5 3. 2 x2 + 14 x - 9 4. 4x 2 + 2x - 1 5. -6 x 3 y3z3 6. 6a 3 - 12a 2 b + 2ab2 7.14

8. 175 9. 14 3 2 11. 2 12. B x2 + y 2 14. D

10. 4a + bc
2 13.
x2 y 2

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POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS

POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS (Multiple-Choice Questions)

1.   If a 2 - b 2 = 21 and a 2 + b 2 = 29 , which of the following could be the value of ab?

I.   -10 II. 5 2 III.10
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only
2.   What is the average (arithmetic mean) of x 2 + 2 x - 3, 3 x 2 - 2 x - 3 and 30 - 4 x 2 ?
8 x 2 + 4 x + 24 8 x 2 + 24 24 - 4 x
(A) (B) (C) (D) -12 (E) 8
3 3 3
3.   If a + b = 4 and (a - b) = 2 , what is the value of ab ?
2 2 2

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

1 1 1
4.   If + = and ab = c , what is the average (arithmetic mean) of a and b?
a b c
1 c a+b
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) (E)
2 2 2c
x 3 + 3 x 2 - 10 x
5.   If x ¹ 2 and x ¹ -2 , which of the following is equivalent to ?
2 x 2 - 8
x( x - 5) x( x + 5) x( x - 5) x( x + 5) x2 + 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2( x - 2) 2( x + 2) 2( x + 2) 2( x - 2) (2 x + 4)
3
6.   If x is a positive integer such that x 4 = c , then x=
1 1 1 2
(A) c 3
(B) c 4
(C) c 2 (D) c 3 (E) c

7.   If a = x and a 2 = y , then a3 =
y x x2
(A) (B) (C) xy (D) (E) xy 2
x y y
8.   If x is a positive number such that x = p and 3
x = q ,then p in terms of q is
3 2
2 3
(A) q 6 (B) q 3 (C) q 2 (D) q (E) q
2 1
-
9.   If g = t + 4t
3
2 , what is the value of g when t = 64 ?
255 31 257 33
(A) (B) (C) 16 (D) (E)
16 2 16 2
1
10.   If x -2 = 64 , what is the value of x 3 + x 0 ?
2 9 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2 (E) 3
3 8 2
4x 2
11.   Let z = 1
. If x is multiplied by 4 and y is multiplied by 8, then z is
y 3

(A) multiplied by 2 (B) multiplied by 4 (C) multiplied by 6 (D) multiplied by 8 (E) unchanged
x
12.   If 1.5
= 8x -1 and x > 0 ,then x =
x
2
(A) (B) 2 2 (C) 4 (D) 16 (E) 64
4
k
+1
13.   If 10k = 64 ,what is the value of 102 ?

(A) 18 (B) 42 (C) 80 (D) 81 (E) 320

14.   If 2n = 128, then (2n -1 )(5n -2 ) =

(A) 107 (B) 5(106 ) (C) 2(106 ) (D) 5(105 ) (E) 2(105 )
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POLYNOMIALS & EXPONENTS

15.   If q ¹ 0 and k = qr - s; then what r in terms of k, q, and s?

2
2k + s
(A) (B) 2sk (C) 2(k - s) (D) 2k + sq (E) 2(k + s)
q q q q q

16.   If xyz ¹ 0 and if n=

xz
and q = xy , then 1 =
y z nq

(A) x (B) x
(C) xyz (D) x2 (E) 12
z y x

Answers

1. D 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. E 10. C 11. D 12. E 13. C

14. E 15. E 16.E

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