QUANTILES

The quantiles are a natural extension of the median concept in that they are values which divide a
set of data into equal parts. These divide the distribution into 4 (QUARTILE), or 10 (DECILE), or 100
(PERCENTILE) equal parts.

---------------------------------------.----------------------------- ----------
Median

------------------.--------------------.------------------.--------------------. QUARTILE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

--------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------. DECILE
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10

--------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------.-------. PERCENTILE
P1 P50 P100

180………. D10……… Q4
179
170
170
168……….. D9
167
162
161
159………. D8
158
157………. …………… Q3
153
152………. D7
151
151
150
150………. D6
149
149
148
147………. D5….…… Q2
147
146
143
143………. D4
142
142
140
139………. D3
138
138………… ………. Q1
138
133………. D2
130
129
128
128………. D1
120
118
118
UNGROUPED DATA

For quartile: N divided by 4 Example: 40/4 = 10 so every 10th (180 down to 158)
Q1 = 138
Q2 = 147
Q3 = 157
Q4 = 180
For decile: N divided by 10 Example: 40/10 = 4 so every 4th (180, 179, 170, 170)
D1 = 128
D2 = 133
D3 = 139
D4 = 143
D5 = 147
D6 = 150
D7 = 152
D8 = 159
D9 = 168
D10 = 180

For percentile:N divided by 100 Example: P20 = 20N divided by 100 or 20(40) by 100 = 8 (8 th term)
P50 = 50(40) by 100 = 20 (20th term)

GROUPED DATA

For Quartile:
N
− ¿ (ƩfQ 1−1)
Q1 = LQ1 + { 4 fQ 1 }i ¿

Where:
N
Q1 is the th item
4

N
LQ1 is the lower limit where th item is located
4
N
fQ1 is the frequency of the class where th item is located
4
ƩfQ1 – 1 is the sum of all frequencies above fQ1 or the cumulative frequency just before that of fQ1
i is the interval

118, 118, 120, 128, 128, 129, 130, 133, 138, 138

Using the same table, since Q1 is multiplied by 40 then divide it by 4,1 x 40 divided by 4 is 10. Therefore Q 1
is every 10th. The 10th term is found on the class interval 136 – 144 because when we cumulate the
frequencies, 10 is in cf = 17

x f <cf

172-180 2 40
163-171 4 38
154-162 5 34
145-153 12 29
136-144 9 17
127-135 5 8
 118-126 3 3

Using the formula, to find Q1 substitute the values:

N
− 4 ¿ (ƩfQ 1−1)
Q1 = LQ1 + { }i ¿
fQ 1
40
− ¿ (8)
Q1 = 136 + { 4 }9 ¿
9
10−8
Q1 = 136 + { }9
9
2
Q1 = 136 + { }9
9
Q1 = 136 + 2

Q1 = 138

For Q2
x f <cf

172-180 2 40
163-171 4 38
154-162 5 34
145-153 12 29
136-144 9 17
127-135 5 8
118-126 3 3
Using the formula, to find Q2 substitute the values:

2N
−( ƩfQ 2−1)
Q2 = LQ2 + { 4
}i
fQ 2

2(40)
−(17)
Q2 = 145 + { 4
}9
12
20−17
Q2 = 145 + { }9
12
3
Q2 = 145 + { }9
12
Q2 = 145 + 2.25
Q2 = 147.25

For Q3
x f <cf

172-180 2 40
163-171 4 38
 154-162 5 34
145-153 12 29
136-144 9 17
127-135 5 8
118-126 3 3
Using the formula, to find Q3 substitute the values:

3N
−(ƩfQ 3−1)
Q3 = LQ3 + { 4
}i
fQ 3

3(40)
−(29)
Q3 = 154 + { 4
}9
5
30−29
Q3 = 154 + { }9
5
1
Q3 = 154 + { }9
5
Q3 = 154 + 1.8
Q3 = 155.8
NOTE:

For Decile (GROUPED DATA):

N
− ¿ (Ʃf D 1−1)
D1 = LD1 + { 10 f D 1 }i ¿

Where:
N
D1 is the th item
10

N
LD1 is the lower limit where th item is located
10
N
FD1 is the frequency of the class where th item is located
10
ƩfD1 – 1 is the sum of all frequencies above fD1 or the cumulative frequency just before that of fD1
i is the interval

Example:
For D1
x f <cf

172-180 2 40
163-171 4 38
154-162 5 34
145-153 12 29
136-144 9 17
127-135 5 8
118-126 3 3
N 40
First, find the boundary where the first term is located by using which is = 4
10 10
Under cf, locate 4 and it is found in the class interval 127 – 135.

Using the formula, to find D1 substitute the values:

N
−(ƩfD1−1)
D1 = LD1 + { 10
}i
fD 1

(40)
−(3)
D1 = 127 + { 10
}9
5
4−3
D1 = 127 + { }9
10
1
D1 = 127 + { }9
10
D1 = 127 + 0.9
D1= 127.9 or 128

2N 3N
Note: If you are going to find the value of D2, use . For D3, use
10 10
NOTE:

For Percentile (GROUPED DATA):

60 N
− ¿ (Ʃf P 60−1)
P60 = LP60 + { 100 f P 60 }i ¿

Where:
60 N
P60 is the th item
100

60 N
LP60 is the lower limit where th item is located
100
60 N
FP60 is the frequency of the class where th item is located
100
ƩfP60 – 1 is the sum of all frequencies above fP60 or the cumulative frequency just before that of fP60
i is the interval

Example:
For P60
x f <cf

172-180 2 40
163-171 4 38
154-162 5 34
145-153 12 29
136-144 9 17
127-135 5 8
118-126 3 3
60 N 60(40) 2400
First, find the boundary where the 60th term is located by using which is = or 24
100 100 100
Under cf, locate 24 and it is found in the class interval 145 – 153.

Using the formula, to find P60 substitute the values:

60 N
−( Ʃf P 60−1)
P60 = LP60 + { 1 00
}i
fP 60

(2 4 0 0)
−(17)
P60 = 145 + { 10 0
}9
12
24−17
P60 = 145 + { }9
12
7
P60 = 145 + { }9
10
P60 = 145 + 6.3
P60= 151.3 or 151
 25 N 80 N
Note: If you are going to find the value of P25, use . For P80, use
10 0 10 0
ACTIVITY:

Given the table below, find the following:

1. Mean, Median, Mode

2. Standard Deviation
3. Q 2, Q 3
4. D 3, D 5, D 7
5. P15, P50, P75, P90

x f <cf

41 - 45 4

36 - 40 3

31 - 35 5
26 - 30 8
21 - 25 10
16 - 20 7
11 - 15 7
6 - 10 4
1-5 2
N=