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ITELEC3C: Web Development using PHP

OOP Concepts in PHP:

Classes and Objects
Module 5 | Part 1

Engr. Errol John M. Antonio

Course Facilitator
Information Technology Department
University of Santo Tomas
[email protected]

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Learning Objectives
At the end of this module, the learner will be able to:
▪ understand the concepts of OOP in PHP;
▪ implement classes, objects, constructors, destructors,
getters, and setters in PHP; and
▪ understand the concept and implementation of inheritance.

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Classes and Objects

▪ A class is a group (blueprint) of similar objects.
▪ An object is an instance of a class.

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Defining a Class
To define a class, you specify the class keyword
followed by a name like this:

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Defining a Class
For example, the following defines a new class called
BankAccount:

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Instantiating an Object
From the BankAccount class, you can create a new
bank account object by using the new keyword like this:

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Adding Properties to a Class

To add properties to the BankAccount class, you
place variables inside it.

How many properties does the class has?

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Adding Properties to a Class

The public keyword determines the visibility of a
property. In this case, you can access the property from
the outside of the class.
To access a property, you use the object operator (->):

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Adding Properties to a Class

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Adding Properties to a Class

Aside from public, what other access modifier can
we use?

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Adding Methods to a Class

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Adding Methods to a Class

Method Access Specifiers: public, private, and
protected.

By default, methods are ________.

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Adding Methods to a Class

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Calling a Method
To call a method, you also use the object operator (->)
as follows:

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Calling a Method

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Now, let’s create another method, withdraw()

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Question:
What happens when the balance is less than the
withdrawal amount?

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Chaining Methods

This technique is called method chaining. To form the method

chaining, the deposit() method needs to return a
BankAccount object,
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Chaining Methods

The deposit() returns the $this which is the current

object of the BankAccount class. Therefore, you can call
any public method of the BankAccount class.
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Chaining Methods
The following example calls the deposit() method
first and then the withdraw() method in a single
statement:

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Summary:
▪ Objects have states and behaviors.
▪ A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
▪ Properties represent the object’s state, and methods
represent the object’s behavior. Properties and
methods have visibility.
▪ Use the new keyword to create an object from a
class.
▪ The $this variable references the current object of
the class.
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ITELEC3C: Web Development using PHP

OOP Concepts in PHP:

Access Modifiers
Module 5 | Part 2

Engr. Errol John M. Antonio

Course Facilitator
Information Technology Department
University of Santo Tomas
[email protected]

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PHP Access Modifiers

PHP has three access modifiers: public, private,
and protected
The public access modifier allows you to access
properties and methods from both inside and
outside of the class.
The private access modifier prevents you from
accessing properties and methods from the outside
of the class.

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public Access Modifier

When you place the public keyword in front of a property or a method,
the property or method becomes public. It means that you can access
the property and method from both inside and outside of the class.

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public Access Modifier

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private Access Modifier

To prevent access to properties and methods from outside of
the class, you use the private access modifier.

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private Access Modifier

What will happen when you attempted to access a
private property?

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How to Access private Property?

To manipulate the value of a private property, you need to
define a public method and use the method to manage a
private property.
Typically, you need to define two kinds of public methods to
manage a private property:
▪ A getter returns the value of the private property.
▪ A setter sets a new value for the private property.

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How to Access private Property?

By convention, the getter and setter
are prefixed with get and set.

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Why Use private Property?

Isn’t it easier and faster to use public access modifier
than private?

By using the private property, you can prevent direct

access to the property from the outside of the class.

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Summary
▪ Use the public access modifier to allow access to
properties and methods from both inside and
outside of the class.
▪ Use the private access modifier to prevent access
from the outside of the class.
▪ Do use private properties with a pair of public
getter/setter methods.

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ITELEC3C: Web Development using PHP

BIO BREAK
Engr. Errol John M. Antonio
Course Facilitator
Information Technology Department
University of Santo Tomas
[email protected]

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ITELEC3C: Web Development using PHP

OOP Concepts in PHP:

Constructors
Module 5 | Part 3

Engr. Errol John M. Antonio

Course Facilitator
Information Technology Department
University of Santo Tomas
[email protected]

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Constructors
PHP allows you to declare a constructor method for a
class with the name __construct()

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Constructors
When you create an instance of the class, PHP
automatically calls the constructor method.

Typically, constructors are used to initialize the

properties of the object.

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Constructors
The following example defines a constructor for the BankAccount class.
The constructor initializes the $accountNumber and $balance properties:

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Construction Promotion
In practice, you often need to assign the constructor
arguments to corresponding properties. It’s kind of
redundant.

To improve this, PHP 8.0 introduced the new concept

called constructor promotion that promotes the
constructor’s arguments to properties.

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Construction Promotion
When a constructor parameter includes an access
modifier (public, private, or protected) PHP will
treat it as both a constructor’s argument and an
object’s property. And it assigns the constructor
argument to the property.

Sometimes, you don’t want to promote constructor

arguments, you can remove the access modifier.

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Construction Promotion

Instead of implementing this way

Use this approach.

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Summary:
▪ PHP constructor is a special method that is called
automatically when an object is created.
▪ Do use constructor promotion as much as possible
to make the code shorter.

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ITELEC3C: Web Development using PHP

OOP Concepts in PHP:

Inheritance
Module 5 | Part 4

Engr. Errol John M. Antonio

Course Facilitator
Information Technology Department
University of Santo Tomas
[email protected]

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Inheritance
▪ Inheritance allows a class to reuse the code from another class
without duplicating it.
▪ In inheritance, you have a parent class with properties and
methods, and a child class can use the code from the parent
class.
▪ Inheritance allows you to write the code in the parent class and
use it in both parent and child classes.
▪ The parent class is also called a base class or super class; and
the child class is also known as a derived class or a subclass.
▪ To define a class inherits from another class, you use the
extends keyword
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Inheritance
Suppose we have the bankAccount:

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Question:
Can SavingAccount use all properties and methods
from the BankAccount class?

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Inheritance
The following creates a new instance of the SavingAccount
class, calls the deposit() method and shows the balance:

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Question
(True/False) A child class can reuse properties and
methods from the parent class. But the parent class
cannot use properties and methods from the child
class.

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Adding Properties and Methods to Child Class

A child class can have its own properties and methods. In the following
example, we add the $interestRate property and setInterestRate()
method to the SavingAccount class:

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Calling Methods From the Parent Class

To call a method from the parent class, you use the $this keyword.

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Summary
▪ Inheritance allows a class to reuse the code of another class
without duplicating it.
▪ Use the extends keyword to define one class that inherits
from another class.
▪ A class that inherits another class is called a subclass, a
child class, or a derived class. The class from which the
subclass inherits is a parent class, a superclass, or a base
class.
▪ A subclass can have its own properties and methods.
▪ Use $this keyword to call the methods of the parent class
from methods in the child class.
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– End of Module –

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Reference
SimpliLearn. (n.d.). ReactJS Tutorial: A Step-by-Step Guide To Learn
React. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/reactjs-tutorial

ReactJS Documentation: https://reactjs.org/docs/getting-started.html

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