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Modern CPU

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Modern CPU

Uploaded by

dev.vssm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modern CPUs

Understanding Modern CPU Architecture:


▪ The Central Process Unit is usually referred to as "The Brain" of the
computer. The CPU is at the heart of all data interpretation and processing
operations in a computer.

▪ The CPU contains three major components: memory, control unit, and the
ALU(arithmetic and logic unit).

▪ The modern CPU architecture is implemented on ICs(Integrated Circuits),


with one or two single metal-oxide-semiconductor IC chips.
• Memory: A memory component for storing data and instructions
• Central Processing Unit: for decoding and executing instructions
• Inputs/Outputs: and a set of inputs and output interfaces

A microprocessor is an integrated circuit containing a CPU, responsible


for executing instructions in a computer. The CPU is the core processing unit,
handling computations and control functions.

• A chip's architecture determines where its parts are located and


connected, how it connects with other parts of the computer, and much
more.
• A processor’s architecture determines how many transistors it has, and
therefore the processor’s power
• A processor includes many other features that affect its performance. For
example, a processor’s performance is affected by the number of bits of data
it can process at any one time.
• In 2003 American Micro Devices (AMD) released a new generation of
desktop PC processor that can handle 64 bits of data.

• A 64-bit processor refers to a microprocessor that can process data and


instructions in chunks of 64 bits.
Look Inside the CPU:
• Architecture:
Determines
• Location Of CPU.
• Bit size
• determines how many transistors it has
Intel:
• Intel is historically the leading provider of chips for PCs.
• 1971, Intel invented the microprocessor the so-called computer on a
chip—with the 4004 model.
• IBM pc powered by intel 8086.
• Current processors:
a) Xeon.
b) Core i7, i5, i3
c) Pentium.
Microcomputer Processors:
• Advanced Micro Devices(AMD)
• Main competitor to intel.
• Originally produced budget products
• Current products outperform Intel
• Current processors
Opteron.
FX.
Athlon.
Freescale:
▪ A Subsidiary of Motorola.
▪ Co-Developed the Apple G4 PowerPC
▪ Currently focus on linux Market
IBM:

▪ Historically manufactured mainframes.


▪ Partnered with Apple to develop G5
First Consumer 64 bit
Comparing Processors:

• Speed of processor.
• Size of cache.
• Number of registers.
• Bit size.
• Speed of side bus.
Advanced Processor Topics:
• RISC Processors
Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
Smaller instruction sets.
May process data faster.
PowerPC and G5.

• CISC Processors
Complex Instruction Sets Computing.
Large instruction sets.
More Applications.
IBM Compatible.
Parallel Processing
Multiple processors in a system.
Symmetric Multiple Processing
• Number of processors is a power of 2.

Massively Parallel Processing.


• Thousands of processors.
Standard computer port:
• Keyboard and mouse ports.
• USB ports.
• Parallel ports.
• Network ports.
• Modem ports.
• Audio ports.
• Serial ports.
• Video ports.
Extending The Processors Power
• SCSI
❑ Small Computer System Interface.
❑ Supports of dozens of devices.
❑ External devices daisy chain.
❑ Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs.
USB
Universal Serial Bus.
Most popular external.
Supports up to 127 devices.
Hot swappable.
FireWire:
IEEE 1884
Cameras and video equipment.
Hot swappable.
Port is very expensive.
Expansion slots and boards:

Allows users to configure the machine.


Slots allow the addition new devices
Devices are stored on cards.
Computer must be off before inserting.
Plug and play:

New hardware detected automatically .


Prompts to install drives.
Non-technical users can install devices.

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