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Huawei LTE Protocols and Procedures Part 1

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Huawei LTE Protocols and Procedures Part 1

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masoomeh

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You are on page 1/ 189

LTE Protocols and

Procedures

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. EPS Architecture

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.1 EPS Network Elements

1.2 EPS Interfaces

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.1 EPS Network Elements

1.2 EPS Interfaces

IM S

HSS CSCF Video AS

E-UTRAN EPC

MME
UE
eNB eNB S-GW PDN-GW

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5
User Equipment
EPS M obility M anagement EPS Session M anagement
Registration Bearer Activation
Tracking Area Update Bearer Modification
Handover Bearer Deactivation

Control EPS Mobility & EPS

Plane Session Management
UE

User IP Adaptation
Radio Resource
Plane Function

Radio Resource
RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC &
PHY Layer Protocols

UE Category Maximum Number of Maximum Support for

Downlink Downlink Uplink Data Uplink
Data Rate Data Streams Rate 64QAM
1 10.3Mbit/s 1 5.2Mbit/s No
2 51.0Mbit/s 2 25.5Mbit/s No
3 102.0Mbit/s 2 51.0Mbit/s No
4 150.8Mbit/s 2 51.0Mbit/s No
5 302.8Mbit/s 4 75.4Mbit/s Yes

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7
UE Identities
 IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)

 IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

 GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identity)

 S-TMSI (Serving - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)

 IP Address - This may either be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

Packet Radio Resource

Classification M anagement
and QoS Policy
Enforecment
Data
Compression

eNB
Routing
Data Protection

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9
eNB Identities
 TAI (Tracking Area Identity) - is a logical group of
neighboring cells defined by the service provider in which an
LTE idle UE is able to move within without needing to
update the network. As such, it is similar to a RAI (Routing
Area Identity) used in 2G and 3G packet switched networks.

 ECGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity) - is comprised of the

MCC, MNC and ECI (Evolved Cell Identity), the later being
coded by each service provider.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10
Femto Cells
 In order to improve network coverage and capacity, the
3GPP have developed a new type of base station to operate
within the home or small business environment. Termed the
HeNB (Home Evolved Node B).

 In additional identities which have been introduced by the

3GPP for femto cell operation. These are:
 CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) Identity.

 HeNB.

NAS Signaling
Authentication and Security

S-GW and
PDN-GW
Selection
MME
Inter M M E
M obility Tracking Area List
M anagement and
Paging

GTP/PM IP M obility Anchor

Support

Downlink
Packet
Buffering

S-GW
Lawful
Interception Packet Routing
and Forwarding

Packet Filtering
Accounting

Lawful
Interception

Transport
PDN-GW
Level Packet
M arking IP Address
Allocation

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14
Contents
1. EPS Architecture
1.1 EPS Network Elements

1.2 EPS Interfaces

MME
eNB S1-MME
S1-U
X2

S1-U
eNB
S-GW

EPC

S1-MME
S10

MME
S11 MME

S1-U S5/S8 SGi

S-GW PDN-GW

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17
Additional Network Elements and
Interfaces
CDMA
2000
S6a HSS
EIR S13
S101
EPC

S10
S3
MME
PCRF
S11 MME
Gx
SGSN
S4
S5/S8 S2a Trusted
Non 3GPP
IP Access
S-GW PDN-GW
S12
S103 S2b
Untrusted
CDMA Wn Non 3GPP
IP Access
RNC 2000
ePDG

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18
Questions
 True / False. An LTE system does not use the IMSI.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19
Questions
 Which node terminates the UE’s NAS signaling?
a. eNB.

b. MME.

c. S-GW

d. PDN-GW.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20
Questions
 True / False. The S-GW uses DHCP to allocate the UE IP
address.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21
Questions
 Which interface connects an eNB logically to another eNB?
a. X2.

b. S1-MME.

c. S1-U

d. S5.

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility in LTE

2.2 EPS Protocols

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25
LTE Control Plane
E-UTRAN EPC
Non Access
Stratum
Signaling
MME

UE
Access
Stratum
Signaling eNB S-GW
PDN-GW

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26
LTE User Plane
E-UTRAN EPC
Non Access
Stratum IP
Datagrams
MME

UE
Access
Stratum
eNB S-GW
Transport PDN-GW

2.2 EPS Protocols

Uu S1
eNB MME
UE
Non Access Stratum
NAS NAS
RRC RRC S1AP S1AP
PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC IP IP
PHY PHY L1/L2 L1/L2

TAI = MCC + MNC + TAC, where

TAI : Tracking area identity

MCC : Mobile Country Code

MNC : Mobile Network Code

TAC : Tracking Area Code

Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cell 5 Cell 6 Cell 7 Cell 8

TA 1 TA2

List (TA1， TA2) List ( TA2)

UE1 UE 2

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31
S1-Flex and MME Pool
 S1-flex enables one eNodeB to set up S1-MME connections to multiple
MMEs, which together form a resource pool known as an MME pool.

MME Pool 1 MME Pool 2

MME1~3 MME4~5

S1-C


TA and TAL

MME Pool and
MME pool area

eNodeB1 eNodeB3 eNodeB5eNodeB6

eNodeB2 eNodeB4
TA 2 TA 3
TA 1
MME Pool Area 1 MME Pool Area 2

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32
S1-Flex and NNSF
 Key function of S1-Flex is NNSF (NAS Node Selection Function), which
enables eNodeB to select a serving MME for the UE.

I will select the serving

MME for you and sets up a MME Pool 1
I need to access dedicated S1-MME
the network, which connection.
MME can serve me? MME1~3

S1-C
NNSF
eNodeB4 MME4~5
TA 2
MME Pool 2
 NNSF helps much in:
Load balance to avoid Disaster tolerance to avoid
1 2
MME being overloaded. S1 interface being faulty

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33
Benefit of S1-Flex
Signaling overheads are reduced
Load of MMEs is balanced.
Possibility of UE moving to change serving
MME is much less.
I’m heavier
loaded.
!
OK, I will help UE
to connect to
another MME..
Area 1 Area 2 Area 1 Area 2
eNodeB

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
Globally Unique Temporary Identity
GUTI = MCC + MNC + MMEGI + MMEC + M-TMSI, where

MMEGI: MME Group Identifier (16 bit)

MMEC: MME Code (8 bit)

M-TIMSI : M- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

Control Plane UE eNB

EMM and ESM Non Access Stratum IP
RRC Access Stratum
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page36
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures
EMM Procedures ESM Procedures
Attach Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control ESM Information Request
EMM Status ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page37
NAS States and State Transtions
ESM ACTIVE EMM REGISTERED

MME context:
IMSI, GUTI, Talist
IP address, Security association
PDN Contents:
IP Adress， APN, QoS Paramters
ECM IDLE
S5 IP address & TEID
No NAS Signaling Connection
S11 IP address & TEID Tracking Area Updates
(S1-U IP address & TEID)
NAS Connection NAS Connection
Data Transfer Possible when ECM Release Establishment
connected
ECM CONNECTED
One Default Bearer NAS Signaling Connection
Data transfer possible
Zero, one or more Dedicated Bearer

EPS Bearer Last EPS Bearer Attach Detach

Establishment Released

ESM INACTIVE EMM DEREGISTERED

No PDN context No MME context

UE eNB MME
RRC CONNECTION

EMM: EPS ATTACH REQUEST

ESM: PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST

Enter state AUTHENTICATION

ECM_CONNECTED
SECURITY MODE

EMM: EPS ATTACH ACCEPT

ESM: ACTIVE DEFAULT EPS
Enter state BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST
EMM_REGISTERED
ESM_ACTIVE EMM: EPS ATTACH COMPLETE
ESM: ACTIVE DEFAULT EPS
BEARER CONTEXT ACCEPT

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39
Radio Resource Control
System Information
PLMN and Cell Selection
Admission Control
Security Management
Cell Reselection NAS Signaling
Measurement Reports
Handovers and Mobility RRC
NAS Transport PDCP
Radio Resource Management
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB

Control Plane
Encryption NAS Signaling
Integrity Checking
RRC
User Plane
PDCP
IP Header Compression
Encryption RLC
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
MAC
PHY
eNB

NAS Signaling
TM (Transparent Mode) RRC
UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
AM (Acknowledged Mode) PDCP
Segmentation and Re-assembly
Concatenation RLC
Error Correction MAC
PHY
eNB

NAS Signaling
RRC

Channel Mapping and Multiplexing PDCP

Error Correction - HARQ
QoS Based Scheduling
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB

Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding NAS Signaling
Rate Matching
Mapping of Physical Channels RRC
Power Weighting PDCP
Modulation and Demodulation
Frequency and Time Synchronization RLC
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing MAC
Transmit Diversity PHY
Beamforming eNB
RF Processing

eNB eNB

Control Plane User Plane

X2AP GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1

S1-MME S1-U

eNB MME eNB S-GW

Control Plane User Plane
S1AP GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page47
S1-C Interface and SCTP
 SCTP is a protocol in transmission layer, defined after UDP and TCP,
aiming to provides reliable connection-oriented transmission for
signaling.

Application layer HTTP, SMTP, etc

Transmission layer TCP, UDP, SCTP

Network layer IPv4, IPv6

Data link layer Ethernet, Serial, etc S1-MME

Physical Layer eNB MME

Radio Network Control Plane

 S1 interface applies SCTP as its Layer S1AP

SCTP
signaling bearer protocol.
IP
Transport
Network Layer Data link layer
Physical layer

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page48
Basic Concepts in SCTP
 SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol

 SCTP Transmission address = port number + IP address

endpoint endpoint  Endpoint =1 or multiple IP

1 2
Port 1 Port 2 address
SCTP
+ 1 port number
IP address 1 IP address 2 One host can have one or more
endpoints.
 Association and path
Between 2 endpoints, there is one association.
Between 2 transmission addresses, there is one path. SCTP association

Address Address
1 3
Address Address
2 4
endpoint1 path endpoint2

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page49
SCTP Multi-homing in eNodeB
 SCTP multi-homing means that each endpoint is bundled with
multiple IP address to provide redundant transmission paths
between two SCTP ends.

 eNodeB only supports SCTP dual-homing.

If the primary path is
faulty, data can be sent
over secondary path,
improving error tolerance.

 Whether services are switched

over back to the primary path after
it becomes functional, is
configurable.
Design recommendation:
 SCTP dual-homing increases the network complexity, for an extra IP address is
required on the eNodeB and the MME.
 It’s recommended to enable services to switchover back automatically.

S11

MME S-GW
Control Plane
GTPv2-C
UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1

S5/S8

S-GW PDN-GW
Control Plane User Plane
GTPv2-C GTP-U / PMIP
UDP UDP
IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1

S10

MME MME
Control Plane
GTPv2-C
UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1

SGi

PDN-GW

Applications
TCP / UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page54
Questions
 What is the main control signaling protocol between the UE
and the MME?
a. RRC.

b. RLC.

c. S1AP

d. NAS.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page55
Questions
 True / False. The eNB is able to decode the NAS messages.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page56
Questions
 Which protocol on the air interface is responsible for User
Plane ciphering/encryption?
a. RRC.

b. PDCP.

c. RLC.

d. MAC.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page57
Questions
 Which protocol is used to carry S1AP and X2AP signaling?
a. GTPv1-U.

b. PDCP.

c. GTPv2-C.

d. TCP.

e. SCTP.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page58
Questions
 What control protocol is used between the MME and the S-
GW?
a. GTPv1-U.

b. PDCP.

c. GTPv2-C.

d. TCP.

e. SCTP.

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60
Contents
3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service
3.1 EPS Bearer Services and E-UTRA Radio Bearers

3.2 E-UTRA Radio Bearers

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page61
Contents
3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service
3.1 EPS Bearer Services and E-UTRA Radio Bearers

3.2 E-UTRA Radio Bearers

E-UTRAN
MME
UE

eNB S-GW
UE PDN-GW

Packet Packet
Classifier Scheduler
Data Voice
Voice x10
Data x2

UE
eNB S-GW PDN-GW
End to End Service

EPS Bearer Service

EPS Radio Bearer EPS Access Bearer

GTP Based Transport

(PMIP is different)

Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

UE
eNB S-GW PDN-GW SDF (Service
Data Flow)

EPS Bearer Service

Default EPS Bearer

UE PDN-GW

TFT Dedicated EPS Bearer (Maximum of 7) TFT

Each Dedicated EPS Bearers has an

associated TFT (Traffic Flow Template)

 AMBR (Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)

 QoS Class Indicator

 ARP (Allocation and Retention Priority)

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67
GBR QoS Information
 E-RAB Maximum Downlink Bit Rate.

 E-RAB Maximum Uplink Bit Rate.

 E-RAB Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate.

 E-RAB Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page68
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
 UE AMBR (User Equipment Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)

 APN AMBR (Access Point Name Aggregate Maximum Bit

Rate)

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page69
QoS Class Indicator
QCI Type Priority Packet Packet Example Service
Delay Error Rate
Budget (ms)

1 GBR 2 100 10-2 Conversational Voice

2 GBR 4 150 10-3 Conversational Video
3 GBR 3 50 10-3 Real Time Gaming
4 GBR 5 300 10-6 Non-Conversational Voice
5 Non-GBR 1 100 10-6 IMS Signaling
6 Non-GBR 6 300 10-6 Video, TCP Based
7 Non-GBR 7 100 10-3 Voice, Video, Interactive
Gaming
8 Non-GBR 8 300 10-6 Video, TCP Based

9 Non-GBR 9 300 10-6 Video, TCP Based

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page70
Contents
3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service
3.1 EPS Bearer Services and E-UTRA Radio Bearers

3.2 E-UTRA Radio Bearers

 SRB1

 SRB2

Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

UE
eNB S-GW PDN-GW
SRB 1
SRB 2 RRC (High Priority)

NAS (Lower Priority)

Logical Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

Channel
Identity UE
eNB S-GW PDN-GW
1 SRB 1
2 SRB 2

3 DRB 1 Default EPS Bearer (EPS Bearer Identity = 5)

DRB Identity
1 to 32 EPS Bearer
Identity 0 to 15
Logical Channel
Identity 1 to 10
for Radio Bearers

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page73
Radio Bearer QoS
E-RAB ID
E-RAB Level QoS Parameters
Transport Layer Address
GTP-TEID MME
NAS-PDU

Logical Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

Channel
Identity UE
eNB S-GW PDN-GW
1 SRB 1
2 SRB 2

3 DRB 1 Default EPS Bearer (EPS Bearer Identity = 5)

E-RAB ID
DRB ID
PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY Configuration
eNB

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page75
E-UTRA Configuration Cont.
Various parameters can influence the performance, these include:

 PDCP Compression.

 RLC AM or UM.

 RLC AM Polling Configuration.

 Uplink MAC Priority.

 Uplink MAC Prioritized Bit Rate.

 Uplink MAC Bucket Size Duration.

 HARQ Configuration and re-transmissions.

 BSR (Buffer Status Report) Configuration.

 SPS (Semi Persistent Scheduling) Configuration.

 Physical Channel and Power Configuration.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page76
Questions
 The EPS Bearer typically is identified between the UE and
which other entity?

 a. eNB.

 b. MME.

 c. S-GW.

 d. PDN-GW.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page77
Questions
 How many EPS bearers can a UE have?

 a. 5.

 b. 6.

 c. 7.

 d. 8.

 e. 9.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page78
Questions
 Which QCI value is linked to IMS signaling?

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page80
Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer

4.2 RRC Structure

4.3 RRC States

4.4 RRC Services

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page81
Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer

4.2 RRC Structure

4.3 RRC States

4.4 RRC Services

NAS
RRC
Control RRC IP
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Physical

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page83
Services Provided To Upper
Layers
The RRC protocol offers the following services to upper layers:

 Broadcast of common control information.

 Notification of UEs in RRC Idle mode.

 Transfer of dedicated control information.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page84
Services Expected From Lower
Layers
The main services that RRC expects from lower layers
include:

 PDCP - integrity protection and ciphering.

 RLC - a reliable and in-sequence transfer of information,

without introducing duplicates and with support for
segmentation and concatenation.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page85
Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer

4.2 RRC Structure

4.3 RRC States

4.4 RRC Services

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page86
eNB Structure
Relay EMM and
Relay IP Datagrams
ESM Signaling
Non Access Stratum
Access Stratum
RRC RRM EPS
Bearers

PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

Physical Physical

Control Plane User Plane

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page87
Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer

4.2 RRC Structure

4.3 RRC States

4.4 RRC Services

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page88
RRC States
PLMN Selection
Broadcast of System Information
Cell Selection
LTE Detached
RRC Connection (SRB)
RRC Context in eNB
UE Known in a Cell
Send and/or Receive Data to/from UE LTE Active
Network Controlled Mobility RRC Connected
Measurement Control
UE Monitors Scheduling Control Channel
UE Reports Channel Quality LTE Idle
UE can send Feedback Information RRC Idle
DRX can be Configured

DRX configured by NAS

Broadcast of System Information
Paging
Cell Reselection Mobility
GUTI Allocated
Located in Tracking Area(s)
No RRC Context Stored in the eNB

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page89
General UE Initial Procedure
UE eNodeB
MME
When Power on UE

1.UE self PLMN

selection
2.Frequency selection

3. Cell search (Obtain

PCI and get DL sync PSS/SSS decoding
If no valid SS, go to step 2
4. Obtain the system
BCCH decoding (MIB/SIBs)
message

5. Cell selection RS measurement

If fails, go to step 2
6. Initial Attachment
Initial attachement procedure
(PLMN registion)

PLMN register
RRC connected mode If fails, go to step 1

UE inactive timer
expires

RRC idle mode

Start cell reselection
procedure

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page90
RRC Status Transition
 LTE is capable with “always online” functions, after UE initial
attach, the default RRC status is active.

 There is a timer(UE inactive timer) in eNodeB to control

active to idle transition, when a UE has neither received nor
sent data for a duration exceeding this period of time, the
eNodeB releases the radio resources for the UE.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page91
PLMN Classification
 Home PLMN: the PLMN which the user is subscribed, there
is only one PLMN

 The Equivalent Home PLMN (EHPLMN): It is a list of

PLMNs that can provide the same service as home PLMN.
This PLMN is recoded in USIM

 Visited PLMN: The Visited PLMN (VPLMN) is the PLMN

where the UE is located.

 Registered PLMN: RPLMN is the PLMN which UE has

already registered

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page92
PLMN Selection Introduction
 PLMN selection includes two stages
 UE self-PLMN selection
 Automatic selection mode: UE will automatic select one suitable
PLMN based on the priority

 Manual selection mode: UE search all the valid PLMN in the

network, and the user could select one of them

 PLMN register: After UE select one PLMN, it will register it to

EPC during attachment flow, if this procedure is failure, UE
goes back to self PLMN selection procedure. If all PLMN
registration fails, UE enters the limited service state

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page94
Priority of Automatic PLMN
Selection
 Scenario 1: Initial PLMN selection, with no RPLMN information
 UE AS initiate cell search, read all the PLMN from SIB1, and
report it to UE NAS
 UE NAS will select one of them based on the predefined priority
 Scenario 2: If last VPLMN exists in USIM, UE will select this
PLMN and start cell search with last frequency, if no valid cell was
found all PLMN registration fails, then UE goes back to initial
PLMN selection

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page95
Functions
 Broadcast of SI (System Information):
 Including NAS common information.

 Information applicable for UEs in RRC Idle mode.

 Including ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) notification.

 Paging.

 Establishment/modification/release of RRC connection.

 Initial security activation.

 RRC connection mobility

 Establishment/modification/release of RBs

 Radio configuration control

 QoS control

 Recovery from Radio Link failure.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page97
Functions Cont.
 Inter-RAT mobility including e.g. security activation, transfer of RRC
context information.

 Measurement configuration and reporting:

 Establishment/modification/release of measurements.

 Setup and release of measurement gaps.

 Measurement reporting.

 Other functions including e.g. transfer of dedicated NAS information and

non-3GPP dedicated information, transfer of UE radio access capability
information, support for E-UTRAN sharing (multiple PLMN identities).

 Generic protocol error handling.

 Support of self-configuration and self-optimization.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page98
E-UTRA RRC State Interaction
GSM Connected
Handover E-UTRA Handover
Cell_DCH
RRC Connected
GPRS Packet
Transfer Mode
Cell_FACH CCO with NACC

Cell_PCH Connection Connection

URA_PCH Establishment/ Establishment/
Release Release

Connection
CCO, Reselection
Establishment/ Reselection
Release

Reselection
E-UTRA GSM Idle/GPRS
UTRA_Idle
Reselection RRC Idle Packet Idle
CCO, Reselection

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page99
Mobility Procedures between
E-UTRA and CDMA2000

Handover E-UTRA Handover

1xRTT CS Active HRPD Active
RRC Connected

Connection
Establishment/
Release

E-UTRA
1xRTT Dormant HRPD Idle
Reselection RRC Idle Reselection

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page100
Contents
4. Radio Resource Control
4.1 The RRC Layer

4.2 RRC Structure

4.3 RRC States

4.4 RRC Services

SIB1
PLMN Identity List M IB
Tracking Area Code Bandwidth
PHICH
Cell Identity
SFN
Cell Barred Indication eNB
Intra Frequency Reselection MIB
CSG Indication and Identity
Cell Selection Information
SIB1
P-Max
Frequency Band Indicator
Scheduling Information List
TDD Configuration
SIB Window Length
System Info Value Tag

LTE SIBs Access Class Information

Radio Resource Configuration Common
UE-Timers And Constants
Inter Frequency Carrier Freq List
Inter Frequency Carrier Freq Info
Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell List
Uplink Frequency Information Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell Info
MBSFN Configuration Information Inter Frequency Black Cell List
Time Alignment Timer Common
SIB6
SIB3 Carrier Frequency List UTRA (FDD/TDD)
Cell Reselection Information t-Reselection UTRA
Q-Hyst
Speed State Reselection Parameters SIB7
Cell Reselection Serving Freq Info t-Reselection GERAN
S-Non-Intra Search Info Carrier Frequency Info List
Threshold Serving Low Value
Cell Reselection Priority SIB8
Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info CDMA2000 Reselection Information
q-RxLevMin
p-Max SIB9
s-IntraSearch Home eNB Name
Allowed Measurement Bandwidth
Presence Antenna Port 1 SIB10
Neighbor Cell Config ETWS Primary Notification
t-ReselectionEUTRA
t-ReselectionEUTRA-SF SIB11
ETWS Secondary Notification
SIB4
Intra Freq Neighbour Cell List
Physical Cell ID
q-OffsetCell
Intra Freq Black Cell List
CSG Physical Cell Id Range

Clock synchronization

Frame synchronization and

PCI identification

System message reception

and RS measurement

Subframe

PSS0

PSS1

PSS2

Correlation Device can identify Cell ID and

frame timing

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page105
System Message Reception
 After SS decoding, UE turns to BCCH logic channel
acquires all the necessary information for the further
network access and operation.

 Classification of system message

 MIB(Master Info Block): There is only one MIB, is carried by
PBCH

 SIB: Up to 13 SIBs can be delivered by PDSCH, SIB1 and

SIB2 are mandatory

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page106
Initial System Message Reception
Scenario
 A UE reads the first SI messages in the following
scenarios:
 After cell search

 After UE reselect a new cell

 After handover in a new cell

 UE returns to coverage area from non-coverage area

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page107
System Message Update Scenario
 After obtaining the SI message properly, the UE does not
read the message repeatedly. It rereads and updates the SI
message only in the following scenarios:
 The UE receives the SI message change notification in the
paging message

 The UE receives the SI message 3 hours after receiving an SI

message

 The UE receives the ETWS message broadcast notification in

the paging message transmitted from the eNodeB.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page108
RS Measurement
 After receiving all necessary system messages, UE start to
measure RS for cell selection and reselection

 The following quantity should be evaluated for UE idle

status measurement
 RSRP: RS receiving power

 RSRQ: RS receiving quality

 RSRQ= N *RSRP/RSSI (N indicates the number of RS RE in

one sysmble)

Qrxlevmeas
eNB
Qrxlevmeas

Qrxlevmeas
eNB
UE eNB

Srxlev > 0

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset ) - Pcompensation

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page111
Cell Reselection
 Intra-frequency Measurements

 If Squal > Sintrasearch - the UE may choose not to perform

intra-frequency measurements.

 If Squal <= Sintrasearch - the UE performs intra-frequency

measurements.

 If Sintrasearch is not sent for the serving cell then the UE

performs intra-frequency measurements.

 Inter-frequency or Inter-RAT Measurements

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page112
Cell Reselection
 High and Medium Mobility State

 Medium-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of

cell reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_M
and does not exceed NCR_H.

 High-mobility state criteria - this is met if the number of cell

reselections during time period TCRmax exceeds NCR_H.

 Ranking of Cells
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhyst

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page113
Trigger of Paging
 Triggered by MME
 MME initiates a paging message according to the TAL
information in the message, the eNodeB transmits the paging
message over the PCCH to the UE in all the cells belonging to
the TAs in the TAL

 Triggered by eNodeB
 When the SI message changes, the eNodeB transmits a
paging message to notify all the UEs in the EMM-
REGISTERED state in the cell and transmits the updated SI
message in the next SI message modification period

Paging
Paging Record List
- UE Identity (S-TMSI or IMSI)
- CN Domain
System Info Modification
ETWS Indication

eNB
Paging

Paging
UE Identity Index Value
UE Paging Identity
Paging DRX (O)
CN Domain
List of TAIs
- TAI
CSG Id List (O)
- CSG Id
eNB MME
Paging

 PF: Paging frame, in one paging cycle , there could be many

paging frames, depends on NB configuration

 PO: Paging occasion, is the paging subframe for each UE, the PF
and PO is assigned by eNodeB using hash algorithm based on
IMSI

 The PO number = NB x T
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page117
RRC Connection
RRC Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup
UE Identity
Radio Resource Config Dedicated
Cause
- srb-ToAddModList
- drb-ToAddModList
- drb-ToReleaseList
UE eNB - MAC Main Config
RRC Connection Request - SPS Config
- Physical Config Dedicated
RRC Connection Setup
RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC Connection Setup Complete

Selected PLMN-Identity
Registered MME
Dedicated Info NAS

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page118
RRC Connection Reject
 On reception of a RRC Connection Reject:
 Stop timer T300 (Stops on reception of RRC Connection Setup or RRC
Connection Reject message).

 Reset MAC and release the MAC configuration.

 Start timer T302, with the timer value set to the “Wait Time”.

 Inform upper layers about the failure to establish the RRC connection and that
access barring for mobile originating calls, mobile originating signalling and
mobile terminating access is applicable, upon which the procedure ends;UE
utilizes the T302 timer.

Security M ode Command

Ciphering Algorithm
Integrity Protection Algorithm
UE eNB
Security Mode Command
Security Mode Complete
Security Mode Failure

RRC Connection
Reconfiguration Request
Measurement Configuration
Mobility Control Information
UE eNB Dedicated Info NAS
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Radio Resource Config Dedicated
Request
- srb-ToAddModList
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - drb-ToAddModList
Complete - drb-ToReleaseList
- MAC Main Config
RRC Connection Re-establishment - SPS Config
- Physical Config Dedicated
Security Configuration HO

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page121
RRC Connection Re-establishment
The UE initiates the procedure when AS security has been
activated and one of the following conditions is met:

Upon detecting RLF (Radio Link Failure).

Upon handover failure.

Upon mobility from E-UTRA failure.

Upon integrity check failure indication from lower layers.

Upon an RRC Connection Reconfiguration failure.

UE eNB
RRC Connection Reestablishment Request
RRC Connection Reestablishment
RRC Connection Reestablishment Complete

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page123
RRC Connection Re-establishment
Cause Values
 The RRC Connection Reestablishment Request message
includes a cause value:

 Reconfiguration Failure.

 Handover Failure.

 Other Failure.

UE eNB
RRC Connection Release

RRC Connection Release

Release Cause
Redirected Carrier Info
Idle Mode Mobility Control Info

DL or UL Information Transfer
Dedicated Info NAS
UE eNB Dedicated Info CDMA2000-1XRTT
DL Information Transfer Dedicated Info CDMA2000-HRPD
UL Information Transfer

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page126
Measurement Configuration
 Intra-frequency measurements: measurements at the
downlink carrier frequency of the serving cell.

 Inter-frequency measurements: measurements at

frequencies that differ from the downlink carrier frequency of
the serving cell.

 Inter-RAT measurements of UTRA frequencies.

 Inter-RAT measurements of GERAN frequencies.

 Inter-RAT measurements of CDMA2000 HRPD or

CDMA2000 1xRTT frequencies.

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Request
Measurement Configuration
UE eNB - measObjectToRemoveList
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - measObjectToAddModList
Request - reportConfigToRemoveList
- reportConfigToAddModList
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - measIdToRemoveList
Complete - measIdToAddModList
- quantityConfig
- measGapConfig
- s-Measure

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page128
Measurement Objects
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request
Measurement Configuration
- measObjectToAddModList
-- measObjectId
UE eNB -- measObject measObjectEUTRA
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- carrierFreq
Request --- allowedMeasBandwidth
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- presenceAntennaPort1
Complete --- neighCellConfig
--- offsetFreq
--- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
---- cellIndividualOffset

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page129
Report Configuration
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request
Measurement Configuration
- reportConfigToAddModList
-- reportConfigId
UE eNB -- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
--- triggerType event
Request
---- eventId e.g. eventA1
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP
Complete ---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- triggerQuantity (RSRP)
--- reportQuantity
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount

eNB eNB

Periodical Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640,

Reporting ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240,
UE
min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page131
Measurement Based Triggering
Events
 Event A1 - serving cell becomes better than the threshold.

 Event A2 - serving cell becomes worse than the threshold.

 Event A3 - neighbor cell becomes (including offset) better than the

serving cell.

 Event A4 - neighbor cell becomes better than the threshold.

 Event A5 - serving cell becomes worse than Thresh1 (Threshold1) and

the neighbor cell becomes better than Thresh2 (Threshold2).

 Event B1 - Inter RAT neighbor cell becomes better than threshold.

 Event B2 - serving cell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT
neighbor cell becomes better than threshold2.

A3 Offset
(-30 to 30dB)

eNB eNB

Event TTT (Time to Report Interval and

Reporting Trigger) Report Amount
UE

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page133
Event A3 Example
Serving Cell
Leave Enter
(Including Neighboring Cell
Offsets) Enter (Including
Offsets)
Serving
Cell
Hysteresis

Event TTT Not TTT Measurement

Reporting Met Report

Mn+ Ofn + Ocn− Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

 Leaving condition:

Mn+ Ofn + Ocn+ Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page135
Questions
 What are the two main RRC states?

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page136
Questions
 True/False. LTE uses substates like Cell_PCH and
Cell_FACH?

 a. System Information.

 b. RRC Connection Setup.

 c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration.

 d. Measurement Control.

 a. Event A1.

 b. Event A2.

 c. Event A3.

 d. Event A4.

 a. System Information.

 b. RRC Connection Setup.

 c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration.

 d. Measurement Control.

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

Header Compression (User Plane) Header Decompression (User Plane)

Packet associated
to a PDCP SDU Packet associated
Packet not to a PDCP SDU
Packet not
Integrity Protection associated Integrity Verification associated
(Control Plane) to a PDCP (Control Plane) to a PDCP
SDU SDU
Ciphering Deciphering

Add PDCP Header Remove PDCP Header

Radio Interface

0x0000 No compression RFC 4995

0x0001 RTP/UDP/IP RFC 4815

0x0002 UDP/IP RFC RFC 3095, RFC 4815

0x0003 ESP/IP RFC RFC 3095, RFC 4815

0x0004 IP RFC 3843, RFC 4815

0x0006 TCP/IP RFC 4996

0x0101 RTP/UDP/IP RFC 5225

0x0102 UDP/IP RFC 5225

0x0103 ESP/IP RFC 5225

0x0104 IP RFC 5225

Sequence Number for

Reserved SRB
Bits
R R R PDCP SN Oct 1
Data Oct 2
Message ...
Authentication MAC-I Oct N-3
Code MAC-I (cont.) Oct N-2
MAC-I (cont.) Oct N-1
MAC-I (cont.) Oct N

12 bit Sequence Number

1=Data UM and AM Data
PDU
D/C R R R PDCP SN Oct 1
PDCP SN (Continued) Oct 2
Data Oct 3
...

7 bit Sequence
1=Data
Number UM Data
PDU
D/C PDCP SN Oct 1
Data Oct 2
...

 a. 5bits.

 b. 7bits.

 c. 12bits.

 d. 14bits.

2. EPS Protocols

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and procedures in LTE

6.2 RLC Modes

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

6.2 RLC Modes and Formatting

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

Upper Layers

TM- TM- UM- UM-

RLC AM-Entity
Entity Entity Entity Entity

 Notification of a transmission opportunity, together with the

total size of the RLC PDU (Protocol Data Units) to be
transmitted in the transmission opportunity.

 Error correction through ARQ.

 Concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDU (Service Data

Units).

 Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs.

 Reordering of RLC data PDUs.

 Duplicate detection.

 RLC SDU discard.

 RLC re-establishment.

 Protocol error detection.

6.2 RLC Modes

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

Transmitting Receiving
TM-RLC Entity TM-RLC Entity

Transmission Buffer

BCCH/PCCH/CCCH Uu

Transmitting Receiving
UM-RLC Entity UM-RLC Entity
Transmission Buffer SDU Reassembly

Segmentation and
Remove RLC Header
Concatenation

Reception Buffer and

Add RLC Header
HARQ Reordering

DTCH Uu

 Concatenation.

 Error correction.

 In-sequence delivery of higher layer data.

 Duplicate detection.

AM-RLC Entity
Transmission Buffer SDU Reassembly
RLC
Control
Remove RLC
Header
Segmentation and Retransmission
Concatenation Buffer
Reception Buffer &
HARQ Reordering

Add RLC Header

Routing

DCCH/DTCH DCCH/DTCH

Data Transfer Mode PDU Name

Transparent TMD

Unacknowledged UMD

Acknowledged AMD

AMD Segment

Status

6.2 RLC Modes

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

 Multiplexing

 HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)

 Radio Resource Allocation

 Formatting

 Signaling of HARQ feedback.

 Signaling of Scheduling Request.

 Measurements, e.g. CQI (Channel Quality Indication).

6.2 RLC Modes and Formatting

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

Logical Channel Prioritization (UL

Only)

(De-) Multiplexing
Control

Random
Access
HARQ Control
M AC

PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH Lower Layers

6.2 RLC Modes and Formatting

6.3 MAC Functions

6.4 MAC Architecture

6.5 MAC Formatting

R R E LCID Oct 1
F L Oct 2
Format Bit Oct 3
0=7bits Data Oct 4
Oct N

R R E LCID Oct 1
F L Oct 2
Format Bit L Oct 3
1=15bits Oct 4
Data
Oct N

LCID Index Description

00000 CCCH

00001-01010 Identity of the logical channel

01011-11011 Reserved

11100 UE Contention Resolution Identity

11101 Timing Advance Command

11110 DRX Command

11111 Padding

LCID Index Description

00000 CCCH

00001-01010 Identity of the logical channel

01011-11001 Reserved

11010 Power Headroom Report

11011 C-RNTI

11100 Truncated BSR

11101 Short BSR

11110 Long BSR

11111 Padding

LCID indicates
content

Sub Sub Sub

C B A
Header C Header B Header A

MAC is able to multiplex Logical

Channels into single transmission

R R Timing Advance Command Oct 1

LCG ID Buffer Size Oct 1

 Long BSR format

Buffer #0 Buffer #1 Oct 1

Buffer #1 Buffer #2
Buffer #2 Buffer #3

P
Maximum UE
Output Power

PHR
Power

UE eNB

R R Power Headroom Oct 1

PH Reported value Measured Quantity Value (dB)

0 POWER_HEADROOM_0 -23 ≤ PH < -22

1 POWER_HEADROOM_1 -22 ≤ PH < -21

2 POWER_HEADROOM_2 -21 ≤ PH < -20

3 POWER_HEADROOM_3 -20 ≤ PH < -19

…. …. ….

62 POWER_HEADROOM_62 39 ≤ PH < 40

63 POWER_HEADROOM_63 PH ≥ 40

UE eNB
MAC RAR
PRACH Preamble Sequence
RACH
MAC Scheduling Grant
MAC
Contention
RRC Connection Request Resolution
UL-SCH
RRC Connection Setup
DL-SCH
RRC Connection Setup Complete
UL-SCH
Signalling Radio Bearer
(RRC Connected)

 RACH only carries the preambles and occupies 6 resource blocks in a subframe

Process:
 UEs selects randomly a preamble from the list of preambles broadcasted in the BCCH

 UE calculates OLPC parameters ( Initial Tx Power)

 Checks contention parameters (i.e. max. number of retries)

 UE transmits initial RACH and waits for a response before retry. Open loop PC ensures that each retry will be
at a higher power level.

 Upon receipt of successful UL RACH preamble, eNB calculates power adjustment and timing advance
parameters together with an UL capacity grant ( so UE can send more info )
PRACH
response
Not detected
DL On the resources indicated by
Next PDCCH
PRACH
UL resource PUSCH: UE specific
Preamble Preamble data
RACH only carries the preambles ( no additional signaling or user data like in WCDMA Rel 99)
The eNodeB may also schedule data in the resource blocks reserved for random access channel preamble
transmission.
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page178
Random Access Process
The contention based random access procedure follows these steps:
raRespWinSize
(1) A preamble will be selected by UE and transmitted in the
Window size for RA response (in TTI)
available subframe. Based on correlation the eNB may
LNCEL; 2 (0), 3 (1), 4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (4),
detect the access and furthermore can measure the timing 7 (5), 8 (6), 10 (7); 10 TTIs (7)
of the UE transmission.
UE eNB
(2) The eNB answers using the same preamble and at this
point a timing advance will be fixed. Information on the
1 Random Access Preamble
scheduled resource will be exchanged and a temporary C-
RNTI will be assigned.

(3) The UE sends its id. The type of id depends on the state. Random Access Response 2

In case of idle state NAS info has to be provided (IMSI,

TMSI) else the C-RNTI is used.
3 Scheduled Transmission
(4) The contention resolution is performed, i.e. the eNB
addresses the UE using the C-RNTI.
Contention Resolution 4
ulpcRarespTpc
TPC command indicated in message 2
related to message 3 power
raContResoT
LNCEL; -6...8dB;2dB; 4dB
Max. Time for cont. resol.
LNCEL; 8ms (0), 16ms (1), 24ms (2),
32ms (3), 40ms (4), 48ms (5), 56ms (6),
64ms (7); 64ms (7)
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page179
Preambles - Contention and Non-
Contention
64 preambles
per cell

raNondedPreamb Remaining are Non

Total number of non dedicated RA
preambles Contention Based
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13),
60 (14), 64 (15); 1 ; 40 (9) Contention Non Contention
Based Based

Non-Dedicated Dedicated
preambles preambles

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page180
Type A and B Grouping of Preambles
The contention based Random Access preambles are grouped into:
• Type A - for requesting a normal UL resource.
• Type B - for requesting a larger resource due to Message Size AND Pathloss (PL)
criteria having been met.

raPreGrASize ?
raNondedPreamb ? 64 preambles
per cell

raNondedPreamb
Contention Based
raPreGrASize
Random Access Preambles Group A Remaining
Size are Type B
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13), raPreGrASize Type B
60 (14) ; 1 ; 32 (7) Type A Preambles Preambles

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page181
Type B Criteria
The Type B Random Access preambles are used if:
• The message size is greater than raSmallVolUl. raSmallVolUl
Small Size Random Access Data
Volume In Uplink
AND LNCEL; 56 bits (0), 144 bits (1), 208
• the pathloss is less than: bits (2), 256 bits (3) ;1 ; 144 bits (1)

PCMAX – preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower - deltaPreambleMsg3 -

messagePowerOffsetGroupB
Where:
deltaPreMsg3
PCMAX is the UE maximum output power. Delta Preamble Random Access
Message 3
LNCEL; -1...6 ;1 ; 0
ulpcIniPrePwr
Preamble Initial Received Target
Power
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -
116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -112 dBm raMsgPoffGrB
(4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106 RA Message Power Offset For Group B Selection
dBm (7), -104 dBm (8), -102 dBm (9), LNCEL; -infinity (0), 0 dB (1), 5 dB (2), 8 dB (3), 10 dB
-100 dBm (10 -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm (4), 12 dB (5), 15 dB (6), 18 dB (7) ;1 ; 10 dB (4)
(12), -94 dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90
dBm (15);1 ; -96 dBm (12)

E T RAPID Oct 1
Sub Header A
RAPID or BI
Sub Header B
Sub Header n
MAC RAR A M AC RAR
R TA
MAC RAR B
TA UL Grant
UL Grant
MAC RAR n
UL Grant
Temporary C-RNTI
Temporary C-RNTI

Hopping Flag 1 Indicates whether the allocation should be using uplink hopping.

Fixed Size Resource Block Assignment 10 The assigned uplink resources.

Truncated Modulation and Coding Scheme 4 Indication of modulation and coding scheme to use.

TPC Command for Scheduled PUSCH 3 Initial power control feedback, e.g. -4dB.

UL Delay 1 Indicates whether uplink assignment is delayed until the next

subframe, e.g. K+4+1.

CQI Request 1 Indicates whether the UE has been requested to multiplex the
CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) into the scheduled PUSCH
transmission.

E T R R BI Oct 1
Sub Header A
RAPID or BI
Sub Header B
Sub Header n
Backoff Indicator
MAC RAR B 0 - 960ms

MAC RAR n

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Huawei LTE Protocols and Procedures Part 1

Uploaded by

Huawei LTE Protocols and Procedures Part 1

Uploaded by

LTE Protocols and

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

8. Mobility and Procedures in LTE

1.2 EPS Interfaces

1.2 EPS Interfaces

HSS CSCF Video AS

Control EPS Mobility & EPS

UE Category Maximum Number of Maximum Support for

 IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

 GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identity)

 S-TMSI (Serving - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)

 IP Address - This may either be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

Packet Radio Resource

 ECGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity) - is comprised of the

 In additional identities which have been introduced by the

GTP/PM IP M obility Anchor

1.2 EPS Interfaces

S1-U S5/S8 SGi

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols

2.2 EPS Protocols

2.2 EPS Protocols

2.2 EPS Protocols

TAI = MCC + MNC + TAC, where

TAI : Tracking area identity

MCC : Mobile Country Code

MNC : Mobile Network Code

TAC : Tracking Area Code

Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cell 5 Cell 6 Cell 7 Cell 8

List (TA1， TA2) List ( TA2)

MME Pool 1 MME Pool 2

eNodeB1 eNodeB3 eNodeB5eNodeB6

I will select the serving

Network reliability is enhanced Network is easy to manage

MMEGI: MME Group Identifier (16 bit)

MMEC: MME Code (8 bit)

M-TIMSI : M- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

Control Plane UE eNB

EPS Bearer Last EPS Bearer Attach Detach

ESM INACTIVE EMM DEREGISTERED

EMM: EPS ATTACH REQUEST

Enter state AUTHENTICATION

EMM: EPS ATTACH ACCEPT

Channel Mapping and Multiplexing PDCP

Control Plane User Plane

eNB MME eNB S-GW

Application layer HTTP, SMTP, etc

Transmission layer TCP, UDP, SCTP

Network layer IPv4, IPv6

Data link layer Ethernet, Serial, etc S1-MME

Physical Layer eNB MME

Radio Network Control Plane

 S1 interface applies SCTP as its Layer S1AP

 SCTP Transmission address = port number + IP address

endpoint endpoint  Endpoint =1 or multiple IP

 eNodeB only supports SCTP dual-homing.

 Whether services are switched

3. LTE/SAE Quality of Service

4. Radio Resource Control

5. Packet Data Convergence Protocol

6. Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control

7. X2/S1 Interface and Protocols