MAT 089: Biostatistics

Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Lesson title: Branches of Statistics/Biostatistics Materials:

Activity Sheet
Lesson Objectives: At the end of this session, I will be able to: References:
1. Define and differentiate the two branches of statistics J. Susan Milton and Jessie C. Arnold, Introduction
to Probability and Statistics: Principles and
2. Differentiate population from sample Applications for Engineering and the Computing
Sciences, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2004
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra1/Stati
sticsData/STPopSample.html

Productivity Tip:
Make a reasonable to-do list.
Don’t overwhelm yourself. To-do lists often fail because we make them way too complex or the tasks
are unequal. Some tasks will take a long time, others won’t take any time at all. This creates an
unbalance in the way we distribute our time. What happens then is that our to-do list then becomes a
procrastination tool.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction
Statistical can be organized into descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The collection
and organization of data is usually called descriptive statistics. In descriptive statistics, the
statistician tries to describe a situation. Masses or unorganized numerical data are of little value
unless statistical techniques are available to organize this type of data into a meaningful form. For
example, getting the census of the population is or little value if it is just a mass or numerical data.
It can be meaningful if it can be organized into a sort of table called frequency distribution or of
some kind of bar or pie graphs. While inferential statistics consists of generalizing from
samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables,
and making predictions. Its main concern is to analyze the organized data leading to prediction or
inferences.

B. MAIN LESSON

Activity 1: Content Notes (13 mins)

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 MAT 089: Biostatistics
Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Major Branches of Statistics

Examples of Descriptive Statistics

1. Based on research conducted by the department of health, 63% of those found to have
diabetes were not aware that they have such disease.
2. Increasing rate of COVID 19 patient, died and recovered.
3. Census of pandemic infected in the Philippines in the month of April 2020.

Examples of Inferential Statistics

1. Drinking red wine may reduce the risk of heart diseases by 12%
2. Extracts from boiled banana trunks will give relief for diabetic persons.
3. Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.
4. Bats and other wild in China are the major cause of COVID 19 in the world

When dealing with statistical data, it is important to distinguish between "population" data sets and
"sample" data sets.

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 MAT 089: Biostatistics
Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

A population data (N) set contains all members of a specified group (the entire list of possible
data values). Example: The population may be "ALL people living in the Philippines."

A sample data (n) set contains a part, or a subset, of a population. The size of a sample is always
less than the size of the population from which it is taken.
Example: The sample may be "SOME people living in the Philippines."

Activity 2: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Exercise No. 1 Classify whether the given situation belongs to the area of descriptive statistics (DS) or
inferential statistics (IS).
1. ______ Majority of the patients who died of COVID 19 are senior citizens.
2. ______ Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.
3. ______ Mosquitos are major cause of dengue fever in the Philippines.
4. ______ Some researchers have proposed that consumption of vitamin A prevents flu.
5. ______ 75% of the patients in Sta Ana Hospital have COVID 19.
6. ______ A prediction has been made that the chance that a person will be robbed in a certain city is15%.
7. ______ The Senior Citizens that live in Manila have better memories than the ones that live in Provinces
8. ______ 10% of college students are predicted to travel out the country during spring break.
9. ______ The chance of a newborn baby being female is slightly less than 50%
10. _____ Blood makes up 8% of the total body weight.

Exercise No. 2.
Directions: For the following problems, decide if the situation is dealing with a "population" data set,
or with a "sample" data set. Explain your decision.

1. Mrs. Smith wants to do a statistical analysis on students' final examination scores in her math class
for the past year. Should she consider her data to be a population data set or a sample data set?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. A group of students, survey 100 students from their freshman class to determine the number of
pets in each student's household. The group plans to compute statistical findings on their data and
generalize these findings to the homes of all freshmen students. Should the group consider their
data to be a population data set or a sample data set?
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 MAT 089: Biostatistics
Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Exercise No. 3. Calculate.

Assume 25% of the COVID-19 population is infected with TB. Suppose the total population is
reduced by 10% by recurring monthly methods. If the initial population was 10,000, how
many COVID-19 patients are left? (Assume that the reduction methods operate
independently of infection.)
1. ____________________________________________infected
2. ____________________________________________die in one month, not necessarily from TB
3. ____________________________________________still infected after one month.

Activity 3: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Fill-in the Blanks

1. Two branches of statistics are________________ and ___________.
2. A group of subjects selected from a population is a _________________.
3. A _______________ consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied.
4. _____________________ statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations,
performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables,
and making predictions.
5. _____________________ statistics consists of the collection, organization, summarization and
presentation of data.

Identify each of the following data sets as either a population or a sample:

6. The grade point averages (GPAs) of all students at a college. _______________
7. The GPAs of a randomly selected group of students on a college campus. ________________
8. The ages of the nine Supreme Court Justices of the United States on January1,1842. ____________
9. The gender of every second customer who enters a movie theater. ________________________
10. The lengths of Atlantic croakers caught on a fishing trip to the beach. ____________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Activity 4: Thinking about Learning

1. Write 1 important thing you learned:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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 MAT 089: Biostatistics
Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

2. Write 2 questions you have about the lesson:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Write 3 suggestions you have about the session:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

FAQs
1. What is Descriptive versus inferential statistics? Illustrate with an example.
* Descriptive statistics uses the data to provide descriptions of the population, either through
numerical calculations or graphs or tables. Inferential statistics makes inferences and predictions
about a population based on a sample of data taken from the population in question.
2. What is meant by the term sample?
* Samples are used in statistical testing when population sizes are too large for the test to include
all possible members or observations.
3. how a sample differs from a population?
*The main difference between a population and sample has to do with how observations are
assigned to the data set. A population includes all of the elements from a set of data.
A sample consists one or more observations drawn from the population.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Answers to Skill-Building Exercises
Exercise No.1
1. DS 2. IS 3. IS 4. IS 5. DS 6. IS 7. IS 8. DS 9. DS 10. DS
Exercise No.2
1. Population data set, since in getting the average what we need are the scores of all the subjects.
2. Sample data set, since in generalizing the findings what we need are only samples.
Exercise No.3
10 000 X 0.25 = 2500 infected
10 000 X 0.10 = 1000 die in one month, not necessarily from TB
10 000 X 0.25 X (1 - 0.10) = 2 250 still infected after 1 year.

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 MAT 089: Biostatistics
Student Activity Sheet #2

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Answers to Checking for Understanding:

1. Two branches of statistics are descriptive and inferential.
2. A group of subjects selected from a population is a sample.
3. A population consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied.
4. Inferential statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing
estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making
predictions.
5. Descriptive statistics consists of the collection, organization, summarization and presentation of
data.
6. The grade point averages (GPAs) of all students at a college. *Population
7. The GPAs of a randomly selected group of students on a college campus. *Sample
8. The ages of the nine Supreme Court Justices of the United States on January1,1842. *Population
9. The gender of every second customer who enters a movie theater. *Sample
10. The lengths of Atlantic croakers caught on a fishing trip to the beach. *Sample