Circles

1. A circle is a collection (set)of all those points in a plane, each one of which is at a constant distance
from a fixed point in the plane.

The fixed point is called the centre and the constant distance is called the radius of the circle.

2. Allthe points lying inside a circle are called its interior points and all those points which lie outside
the circle are called its exterior points.

3. The collection of all interior points of a circle is called the interior of the circle while the
(set)
collection of all exteriorpoints of a circle is called the exterior of the circle.

Circle

Interior

Exterior

4. A line can meet a circle at the most in two points. A line segment joining twO points on a circle is called
the chord of the circle.

5. A chord passing through the center of the circle is called a diameter of the circle. A diameter of circle
is its longest chord.

6. A line which meets a circle in tWo points is called a secant of the circle.

Secant

Diameter
A

Chord

7. A polygon is a closed figure made up of three or more line segments.

8. A polygon is called a regular polygon, if it has all its sides equal and has all its angles equal.
9. A (continuous) part of a circle is called an arc of the circle. The arc of a circle is denoted by the symbol

An arc less than one-half of the whole arc of a circle is called a minor arc of the circle, and an arc
greater than one-half of the whole arc of a circle is called a major arc of the circle.

minor arc
A

major arc

10. The whole arc of a circle is called the circumference of the circle.

Gircumterence

11.One-half of the whole arc of a circle is called a semi-circle of the circle.

Semi- circle

12. Any anglewhose vertex is centre of the circle is called a central angle.

13. The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central angle subtended by the arc.

14. The degree measure of a circle is 360°. The degree measure of a semi-circleis 180°
15. The degree measure of a major arc is (360° - 6), where is the degree measure of the
corresponding minor arc.

16. Two circles are said to be congruent if and only if either of them can be superposed on the other so
as to cover exactly.
it

17. Two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent if either of them can be superposed on
the other so as to cover it exactly.

18. The part of the plane region enclosed by an arc of a circle and its two bounding radii is called a sector
of a circle.

If the central angle of a sector is more than180°,then the sector is called a major sectorand if the
central angle is less than 180°,then the sector is called a minor sector.

Major sector

Minor
sector
B

19. A chord of a circle divides it into two parts. Each part is called a segment.

20. The part containing the minor arc is called the minor segment, and the part containing the major arc
is called the major segment.

Major segment

B
Minor segment
Theorem 9.1 teacko0.cOm

Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center.

Given: A circle with centerO.

AB and CD are equal chords of circle

i.e. AB = CD
A

To Prove: ZAOB= ZDOC

Proof: In AAOB & ADOC

AO= 0D (Radius)
BC
AB =CD (Given)

OB =OC (Radius)

AAOB A DOC (SSSrule)

:. 2AOB = ZDOC (CPCT)

Hence, Proved.
Theorem 9.2 teackoo.com

If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the center

are equal, then the chords are equal.

Given : A circle with center O.

AB and CD are chords that subtend equal angles at center

i.e. ZAOB = ZD0C
D

To Prove AB := CD

Proof:In AAOB & ADOC

BC
OA=OD (Radius)

LAOB =LDOC (Given)

OB =OC (Radius)

AAOB A COD (SASCongruency)

:. AB =CD (CPCT)

Hence, Proved.