EXCEL CENTRAL SCHOOL, THIRUVATTAR.

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Grade : VIII
Chapter 1 & Chapter 2 NOTES

Fill in the blanks

1. Graphical user interface is more friendly.
2. Solaris is an UNIX based operating system introduced by Sun Micro System.
3. The multiprocessing operating system allows a user to run and work on multiple applications at
the same time.
4. Application software is a set of programs used to perform specific tasks.

Definition
Define Hardware.
Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that we see and touch.

Define Software.
The instructions given to the computer in the form of program is called software.

Define System Software

It instructs a program that interacts with the hardware.

Define Application Software.

It is a set of programs used to perform specific tasks like creating document, presentation, or a
database.

Define Operating System.

It acts as a platform for the computer hardware and the user. It coordinates the activities of a computer
and sharing of resources.

Functions of Operating system

* Program execution * Device Management
* File Management * Memory Management

Differentiate the following

(i) Differentiate CUI and GUI.

CUI GUI
Character User Interface Graphical User Interface
Ex: MS DOS Ex: Windows
Controlled with the Keyboard Controlled with the mouse
One application run at a time Many applications run at a time
Need to remember Syntax No need to remember Syntax

(ii) Distinguish between hardware and software.

HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Hardware refers to the physical parts of a The instructions given to the computer in the
computer that we see and touch form of program is called software
Two types: Internal and External Two Types: System and Application
Example: Mouse, Keyboard, Mother board Example: Operating System, Music Player
Functions of System Software
* Reading Data * Translating Data
* Controlling Data * Processing and generating output
YEAR:
SOLRIS : 1992 - SUN MICROSYSTEM
UNIX : 1969
DOS 1.0 : August 1981 - Microsoft FIRST OPERATING SYSTEM
Windows 1.0 : 1985 - Microsoft

LINUX - OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

UNIX - MULTITASKING , MULTIUSER OPERATING SYSTEM
ABBREVIATION:
CUI - Character User Interface
GUI – Graphical User Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
DOS- Disk Operating System
Explain any five types of operating system.
o Single user Operating System
Used on Single computer to perform a single task. Example., Ms DOS
o Multiuser Operating System
Allows same data and application to be used by multiple users at a time,
Example: UNIX and LINUX
o Real time Operating system
Designed to control Machines such as missiles and online ticket reservation
Its is multi tasking operating system
Depends on time in which the results are produced.
o Interactive Operating System
Provides by the GUI.
Computer responds very fast
User friendly operating system
o Distributed Operating system
Used on a network
Allows the shared data to be accessed
Controls the interconnected systems appear on a single computer
Define operating system. Explain its functions.
It acts as a platform for the computer hardware and the user. It coordinates the activities of a computer
and sharing of resources.
* Program execution
Receives the commands from any application or system program
* Device Management
Allocation and deallocation of all input and output devices are done by the operating system
* File Management
Helps to organize all the data in files and folders and allocates space.
It keeps the track of the location of every file on the disk.
* Memory Management
Memory is a major part of the computer system.
It dictates the speed of the operations.
 Chapter 2
Fill in the blanks
1. Every cell has a name known as its CellAddress.
2. An absolute referencing is specified by using the $ sign.
3. The predefined commands that perform some particular operations are called Function
4. The process of joining text values in a sequence with in a formula is called Concatenation
Define cell referencing
A circular reference occurs when a formula in a cell refers to its own cell directly or indirectly
Define relative cell referencing
In the relative cell referencing, the reference to a cell changes when the formula is copied to another
cell. Ex: A5
Define Absolute cell referencing
In absolute cell referencing, the reference to a specific cell remains constant, regardless of where the
formula is copied.
This is done by using the dollar sign $ before the row and column indicators. Ex: $A$5
Define Mixed cell referencing
In mixed cell referencing, either the row or the column reference remains fixed, while the other
changes when the formula is copied. (e.g., A$2) or (e.g., $A2).
FUNCTIONS IN MS- EXCEL
RANGE OR NUMBERS ONE PARAMETER TWO PARAMETER NO PARAMETER
1. AVERAGE 1. EXP 1. POWER 1. TODAY
2. COUNT 2. INT 2. ROUND
3. LCM 3. LEN 3. QUOTIENT
4. MAX 4. SQRT 4. MOD
5. MIN
6. PRODUCT
7. SUM
AVERAGE
Syntax: PRODUCT SQRT
=AVERAGE (range or numbers) Syntax: Syntax:
Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A6) =PRODUCT(range or numbers) = SQRT (number)
=AVERAGE(2,3,4,5,6) Example: = PRODUCT (A1:A6) Example: = SQRT (25)
COUNT = PRODUCT (2,3,4,5,6) POWER
Syntax: SUM Syntax:
=COUNT(range or numbers) Syntax: = POWER (number,power)
Example: = COUNT (A1:A6) =SUM(range or numbers) Example: = POWER (2,5)
= COUNT (2,3,4,5,6) Example: = SUM (A1:A6) ROUND
LCM = SUM (2,3,4,5,6) Syntax:
Syntax: EXP = ROUND (number,num_digits)
=LCM(range or numbers) Syntax: Example:
Example: = LCM (A1:A6) = EXP (number) = ROUND (19.321,2)
= LCM (2,3,4,5,6) Example: = EXP (12) QUOTIENT
MAX INT Syntax:
Syntax: Syntax: = QUOTIENT
=MAX(range or numbers) = INT (number) (numerator,denominator)
Example: = MAX (A1:A6) Example: = INT (19.25) Example:
= MAX (2,3,4,5,6) LEN = QUOTIENT (10,8)
MIN Syntax: MOD
Syntax: = LEN (text) Syntax:
=MIN(range or numbers) Example: = LEN (“excel”) = MOD (number,divisor)
Example: = MIN (A1:A6) Example
= MIN (2,3,4,5,6) =TODAY()
 Different Function in Excel
• Statistical Function
o SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, NUMBER,MAX, MIN
• Maths & Trignometric Function
o EXP, INT, LCM, MOD, POWER, PRODUCT, QUOTIENT, ROUND, SQR
• Text function\
o LEN
• Date and Time Function
o TODAY
Differentiate relative referencing and absolute referencing.
RELATIVE REFERENCING ABSOLUTE REFERENCING
In the relative cell referencing, the reference to In absolute cell referencing, the reference to a
a cell changes when the formula is copied to specific cell remains constant, regardless of
another cell where the formula is copied.
No Sign is used $ Sign is used
Ex: A5 Ex: $A$5
It is the default cell referencing It is not the default cell referencing
FORMULA ERROR:
• #### - THE COLUMN IS NOT WIDE ENOUGH TO DISPLAY THE NUMBER
• #DIV/0 – DIVISION BY ZERO IN AN INVALID OPERATOR
• #VALUE!- THE FORMULA CONTAINS INVALID OPERATION
• N/A – DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE
IF FUNCTION IN EXCEL
The IF function in Excel is used to perform logical tests and return one value if a condition is TRUE
and another value if the condition is FALSE.
Syntax:
=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Parameters:
1. logical_test: The condition you want to test (e.g., A1 > 10).
2. value_if_true: The value to return if the condition is TRUE.
3. value_if_false: The value to return if the condition is FALSE.
Example:
Formula: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")
If the value in cell A1 is greater than 10, it will return "Yes". Otherwise, it will return "No".
SYMBOLS USAGE
• $ ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE
• ! TO REFER ONE SHEET TO ANOTHER SHEET
• = EVERY FORMULA STARTS WITH AN EQUAL SIGN
• & TO JOIN ONE OR MORE TEXT
• : RANGE OF CELLS
SHORTCUT
• To select the entire row Shift + spacebar
• To select the entire column Ctrl + Spacebar
• To select the entire worksheet Ctrl + A

Vegetable Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Onion 30 25 20 15
Potato 20 15 10 15
Tomato 35 30 30 25
Cabbage 15 20 20 25

a) Fill the table from the diagram

b) Which are the two veggies that maintained the same price for two weeks? Ans: Tomato and Cabbage
c) What is the difference between the price of tomato in the beginning and end of March? Ans:35-25=10
d) Which veggie was the cheapest in the second week of March? Ans: potato (15)
e) What is the difference in prices of cabbage and tomato in week 3? Ans:30-20=10