Bachelor of Technology - Biotechnology

Syllabus – First Semester

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING IN C
Course Code: BTE2104 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The objective of this course module is to acquaint the students with the basics of computers system, its
components, data representation inside computer and to get them familiar with various important features
of procedure oriented programming language i.e. C.

Course Contents:

Module I: Introduction
Introduction to computer, history, von-Neumann architecture, memory system (hierarchy, characteristics
and types), H/W concepts (I/O Devices), S/W concepts (System S/W & Application S/W, utilities). Data
Representation: Number systems, character representation codes, Binary, octal, hexadecimal and their
interconversions. Binary arithmetic, floating point arithmetic, signed and unsigned numbers, Memory
storage unit.

Module II: Programming in C

History of C, Introduction of C, Basic structure of C program, Concept of variables, constants and data
types in C, Operators and expressions: Introduction, arithmetic, relational, Logical, Assignment,
Increment and decrement operator, Conditional, bitwise operators, Expressions, Operator precedence and
associativity. Managing Input and output Operation, formatting I/O.

Module III: Fundamental Features in C

C Statements, conditional executing using if, else, nesting of if, switch and break Concepts of loops,
example of loops in C using for, while and do-while, continue and break. Storage types (automatic,
register etc.), predefined processor, Command Line Argument.

Module IV: Arrays and Functions

One dimensional arrays and example of iterative programs using arrays, 2-D arrays Use in matrix
computations.
Concept of Sub-programming, functions Example of user defined functions. Function prototype, Return
values and their types, calling function, function argument, function with variable number of argument,
recursion.

Module V: Advanced features in C

Pointers, relationship between arrays and pointers Argument passing using pointers, Array of pointers.
Passing arrays as arguments.
Strings and C string library.
Structure and Union. Defining C structures, Giving values to members, Array of structure, Nested
structure, passing strings as arguments.
File Handling.

Examination Scheme:
Components A CT S/V/Q HA EE
Weightage (%) 5 10 8 7 70

1
CT: Class Test, HA: Home Assignment, S/V/Q: Seminar/Viva/Quiz, EE: End Semester Examination; Att:
Attendance

Text & References:

Text:
 “ANSI C” by E Balagurusamy
 Yashwant Kanetkar, “Let us C”, BPB Publications, 2 Edition, 2001.
nd

 Herbert Schildt, “C: The complete reference”, Osbourne Mcgraw Hill, 4 Edition, 2002.
th

 V. Raja Raman, “Computer Programming in C”, Prentice Hall of India, 1995.

References:
 Kernighan & Ritchie, “C Programming Language”, The (Ansi C Version), PHI, 2nd Edition.
 J. B Dixit, “Fundamentals of Computers and Programming in „C‟.
 P.K. Sinha and Priti Sinha, “Computer Fundamentals”, BPB publication.

2
3
 PROGRAMMING IN C LAB
Course Code: BTE2108 Credit Units: 01

Software Required: Turbo C

Course Contents:
 C program involving problems like finding the nth value of cosine series, Fibonacci series. Etc.
 C programs including user defined function calls
 C programs involving pointers, and solving various problems with the help of those.
 File handling

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
A PR LR V PR V
5 10 10 5 35 35
Note: IA –Internal Assessment, EE- External Exam, PR- Performance, LR – Lab Record, V – Viva.
 Syllabus – Second Semester

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++

Course Code: BTE2203 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The objective of this module is to introduce object oriented programming. To explore and implement the
various features of OOP such as inheritance, polymorphism, Exceptional handling using programming
language C++. After completing this course student can easily identify the basic difference between the
programming approaches like procedural and object oriented.

Course Contents:

Module I: Introduction
Review of C, Difference between C and C++, Procedure Oriented and Object Oriented Approach. Basic
Concepts: Objects, classes, Principals like Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism.
Dynamic Binding, Message Passing. Characteristics of Object-Oriented Languages.Introduction to
Object-Oriented Modeling techniques (Object, Functional and Dynamic Modeling).

Module II: Classes and Objects

Abstract data types, Object & classes, attributes, methods, C++ class declaration, Local Class and Global
Class, State identity and behaviour of an object, Local Object and Global Object, Scope resolution
operator, Friend Functions, Inline functions, Constructors and destructors, instantiation of objects, Types
of Constructors, Static Class Data, Array of Objects, Constant member functions and Objects, Memory
management Operators.

Module III: Inheritance

Inheritance, Types of Inheritance, access modes – public, private & protected, Abstract Classes,
Ambiguity resolution using scope resolution operator and Virtual base class, Aggregation, composition vs
classification hiérarchies, Overriding inheritance methods, Constructors in derived classes, Nesting of
Classes.

Module IV: Polymorphism

Polymorphism, Type of Polymorphism – Compile time and runtime, Function Overloading, Operator
Overloading (Unary and Binary) Polymorphism by parameter, Pointer to objects, this pointer, Virtual
Functions, pure virtual functions.

Module V: Strings, Files and Exception Handling

Manipulating strings, Streams and files handling, formatted and Unformatted Input output. Exception
handling, Generic Programming – function template, class Template Standard Template Library:
Standard Template Library, Overview of Standard Template Library, Containers, Algorithms, Iterators,
Other STL Elements, The Container Classes, General Theory of Operation, Vectors.

Examination Scheme:
Components A CT S/V/Q HA EE
Weightage (%) 5 10 8 7 70

Text & References:

Text:
 A.R. Venugopal, Rajkumar, T. Ravishanker “Mastering C++”, TMH, 1997
 R. Lafore, “Object Oriented Programming using C++”, BPB Publications, 2004.
 “Object Oriented Programming with C++” By E. Balagurusamy.
 Schildt Herbert, “C++: The Complete Reference”, Wiley DreamTech, 2005.
References:
 Parasons, “Object Oriented Programming with C++”, BPB Publication, 1999.
 Steven C. Lawlor, “The Art of Programming Computer Science with C++”, Vikas Publication, 2002.
 Yashwant Kanethkar, “Object Oriented Programming using C++”, BPB, 2004
 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++ LAB
Course Code: BTE2205 Credit Units: 01

Software Required: Turbo C++

Course Contents:
 Creation of objects in programs and solving problems through them.
 Different use of private, public member variables and functions and friend functions.
 Use of constructors and destructors.
 Operator overloading
 Use of inheritance in and accessing objects of different derived classes.
 Polymorphism and virtual functions (using pointers).
 File handling.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
A PR LR V PR V
5 10 10 5 35 35
Note: IA –Internal Assessment, EE- External Exam, PR- Performance, LR – Lab
 Syllabus – Third Semester
BIOSTATISTICS
Course Code: BTE2303 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The course aims to develop competency and expertise in the application of statistical methods applied to
biological data obtained in experimental techniques, methodology and the safe laboratory practice.

Course Contents:

Module I
Statistics and Biostatistics: Preliminary concepts; Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Standard deviation, Variance

Module II: Probability

Random Experiments, Trial and Event, Sample Space, Mutually Exclusive or Disjoint Events, Mutually
Exhaustive Events, Equally Probable Events, Complementary Event, Classical definition of Probability,
Statistical definition of Probability, Axiomatic definition of Probability, Addition theorem, Multiplication
theorem, Conditional Probability, Bayes‟ Theorem. Expectation.

Module III: Continuous Distribution

Normal Distribution, Properties of Normal distribution

Module IV: Correlation

Bivariate distribution Correlation, Types of Correlation, Simple Correlation Coefficient for ungrouped
data, Properties and Interpretation of Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of determination, Scatter
diagram, Standard Error, Probable error of Correlation Coefficient. Rank correlation, Some examples.

Module V: Regression
Definition, Regression lines and Regression Coefficients, Properties of Regression Coefficients, Some
examples. Method of least square: Fitting of straight line

Module VI: Introduction to the following Statistical terms

Parameter, Statistic, Null hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis, Critical region, Type1 Error, Type 11 Error,
Level of significance, P-value and its applications.
Test of Significance for Small samples: One sample t-test, Paired t-test, Degrees of freedom for t-test, F
test for equality of Population variances, Degrees of freedom for F-test.
Test of Significance for Large samples: Normal test for sample mean and population mean, Normal test
for two sample means.
Chi-square Test: Test of goodness of fit, Test of Independence of attributes, Degrees of freedom for
Chisquare test, Coefficient of contingency, Yates‟ correction for continuity.
Analysis of Variance: One way and Two way (only Examples)

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Introduction to Biostatistics, Ronald N. Forthfer and Eun Sun Lee, Publisher: Elsevier.
 Statistical Methodology, S.P. Gupta, Publisher: S. Chand & Co.
 Fundamentals of Statistics, S.C. Gupta. Publisher: S.Chand & Co.

References:
 Biostatistics: A manual of Statistical Methodology for use in Health, Nutrition and Anthropology, K.
Visweswara Rao. Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the Health
Sciences, W.W. Daniel, Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
 Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Publisher: S.Chand & Co.
 Statistical Analysis, Kaushal, T.L. Publisher: Kalyani Publishers
 Statistical Methods, Potri, D. Kalyani Publishers.
 Mathematical Statistics, H.C. Saxena, and V.K. Kapoor: S. Chand & Company
 Biostatistics, P.N. Arora and P.K. Malhan, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House.
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Course Code: BTE2304 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
It enables the students to access biological information networks and databases in order to understand the
different techniques of biotechnology to build detection systems especially in the prevention and
treatment of human diseases.

Course Contents:

Module I: Overview and historical perspective

File systems vs. DBMS, advantages of DBMS

Module II: Describing and storing data in DBMS

Levels of abstraction and data independence; Data models and their comparison; Entity relationship
model -concepts, design, keys and features; Relational model -introduction, structure of the relational
databases, integrity constraints, Relational algebra and calculus -selection and projection, set operations,
renaming, Joins, Division etc.

Module III: SQL and Perl

Module IV: Database design

Functional dependencies, Normal forms; Concurrency control and database discovery -concept of
transaction: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, transactions and schedules, concurrent
execution of transactions, Lock based concurrency control, Database recovery

Module V: Current trends

Distributed databases and multimedia databases;

Module VI: Data warehousing and Data Mining

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Data Mining: Concept and techniques, J. Han and M. Kamber, Morgan Kaufman.
 Database Management, P.C. Desai.

References:
 Introduction to Database Systems, C.J. Date, Addison Wesley Publishing.
 Data Mining, A.K. Pujari, Sangam Books Ltd.
 Principles of Database and Knowledge Based systems, J.D. Ullman, Computer Science Press.
 The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
 The Data Warehouse Toolkit, R. Kimball et al, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LAB
Course Code: BTE2308 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

Module I
Database creation using DDL and DML.

Module II
Defining the primary and secondary keys.

Module III
Implementation of selection, projection and joins (internal and external) with SQL and Perl .

Module IV
Normalization of databases with SQL and Perl

Module V
Implementation of transactions and schedules.

Module VI
Detection of association rules and knowledge recovery.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
Note: Minor variation could be there depending on the examiner
 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Code:BTE2309 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The objective of this course is to use microorganism to produce various compounds of commercial
interest. The student will be exposed to various techniques available for large scale cultivation of
microorganisms.

Course Contents:

Module I
Introduction to fermentation, the fermentation industry, Production process batch and Continuous system
of cultivation, Solid-state fermentation

Module II
Selection of industrial microorganisms, media for fermentation, aeration, pH, temperature and other
requirements during fermentation, downstream processing and product recovery, food industry waste as
fermentation substrate.

Module III
Production of compounds like, antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids, solvents, beverages, SCP.

Module IV
Production of fermented dairy products

Module V
Immobilized enzymes systems, production and applications.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Industrial Microbiology – Cassida

References:
 Principles of fermentation Technology, Salisbury, Whitaker and Hall
 Industrial microbiology – Prescot & Duhn.
 FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2310 Credit Units: 02

Objective of the course is for the acquaintance of large scale cultivation of microbes for production of
industrially important products.

Course Contents

Module I: Fermentation Technology-An Overview

Development and overview of fermentation processes, strain development, media design and
optimization, commercial media for fermentation

Module II: Bioproduct Production

Production of Organic acids: citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid
Production of ethanol
Production of Antibiotics: penicillins, tetracyclins, chloramphenicol
Production of Recombinant products
Production of Industrial enzymes: cellulase, amylase, protease
Production of vitamins: B12, riboflavin, fermented dairy products.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text &references:
Text:
 Principles of Fermentation Technology by P.F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker, and S.J. Hall, Aditya Books
(P) LTD.
 Industrial Microbiology by L.E.Casida, JR. New Age International (P) LTD.
 Biotechnology, A Text book of Industrial Microbiology, W. Crueger and A. Crueger, Sinauer
Association.

References:
 Practical Biochemistry, Principles & Techniques, Keith Wilson and John Walker
 Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, J.E. Bailey and D.F. Ollis, McGraw-Hill
 Protein Purification, M.R. Ladisch, R.C. Wilson, C.C. Painton and S.E. Builder, American Chemical
Society
 DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Course Code: BTE2311 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The above course will be aimed to identify and design drugs that could be potentially useful in the
identification of the candidate drugs, which have efficacy in cell culture or animal models, and thus the
most effective compounds could be employed based on the above results for being moved through
preclinical studies to clinical trials.

Course Contents:

Module I: Drug targets classification

DNA, RNA, post-translational, processing enzymes, metabolic enzymes involved in nucleic acid
synthesis, G-protein coupled receptors (monomeric transmembrane proteins), small molecule receptors,
neuropeptide receptors, ion channels (monomeric multi-transmembrane) proteins, ligand-gated ion
channels (oligomeric transmembrane proteins), transporters (multi-transmembrane proteins).

Module II: Target discovery and validation strategies

Genomics (new target discovery), biological activity directed and other types of screening, natural
products, combinatorial chemistry; General overview of validation techniques.

Module III: Structure-based design

Drug design to discovery and development, drug metabolism, toxicity and pharmacokinetics, toxicology
considerations, problems and drawbacks on drug discovery and development.
„de novo‟ design methodologies : indirect drug design, pharmacophore development and receptor
mapping, combinatorial libraries and new strategies and recent technologies in drug design.

Module IV: Basic concepts of Drug Delivery

Introductory lecture (1-2), Concepts of Bio availability, Process of drug absorption, Pharmacokinetic
processes, Timing for optimal therapy, Drug delivery considerations for the new biotherapeutics
Basic terminologies in drug delivery and drug targeting, Drug release, Drug targeting, Doses forms,
Various routes of administration of drugs (just introduction), Strategies for enhanced therapeutic
efficacies (Basic principles)

Module V: Delivery of Genetic material

Basic principles of gene expression, Viral and nonviral vectors in gene delivery, Clinical applications of
gene therapy and antisense therapy
New generation technologies in Drug delivery and targeting
Nanotechnology / Nanobiotechnology, Use of biosensors and challenge of chronopharmacology,
Microchips and controlled drug delivery, genetically engineered cell implants in drug deliver.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Drug Delivery and Targeting, A.M. Hillery, A.W. Lloyd and J. Swarbrick, Harwood Academic
Publisher
 Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, H.C. Ansel, L.V. allen and N.G.
Popovich, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publisher
References:

 Introduction to Biophysical Methods for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research, J.A. Glasel and M.P.
Deutscher, Academic Press.
 Principles of Drug Action, W.B. Pratt and P. Taylor, Churchill Livingston.
 Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, W.O. Foye, T.L. Lemke, and D.A. Williams, Williams and
Wilkins
 Side Effects and Drug Design, E.J. Lien, Marcel Dekker.
 The Anticancer Drugs, W.B. Pratt, R.W. Ruddon, W.D. Ensminger, and J. Maybaum, Oxford
University Press.
 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Course Code:BTE2312 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
A complete understanding of molecular techniques like DNA sequencing, restriction mapping, PCR for
the cloning and expression of genes can be obtained through the course.

Course Contents:

Module I
Purification of DNA from bacterial, plant and animal cells, manipulation of purified DNA.

Module II
Introduction of DNA into living cells

Module III
Introduction to gene cloning and its uses, tools and techniques: plasmids and other vectors, DNA, RNA,
cDNA.

Module IV
Production of proteins from cloned genes: gene cloning in medicine (Pharmaceutical agents such as
insulin, growth hormones, recombinant vaccines), gene therapy for genetic diseases.

Module V
Analysis of DNA by Southern blotting, Analysis of RNA by Northern blotting, Analysis of proteins by
Western blot techniques, Dot blots and slot blots, RFLP, AFLP.
PCR: Basic principles and its modification application and uses.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Gene cloning and DNA analysis by T.A. Brown

References:
 Recombinant DNA, J.D. Watson et al, W.H. Freeman and Company
 Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, R.W. Old and S. B
Primrose, Blackwell Science Inc
 Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, B.R. Grick and J.J.
Pasternak, ASM Press
 Molecular Biology of gene by Watson, Baker, Bell, Gann, Levine, Losick
 DNA Science by Micklos Freyer
 Principles of Gene manipulation and Genomics by Primrose and Twyman
 TERM PAPER
Course Code: BTE2331 Credit Units: 02

METHODOLOGY
A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular
subject.
The students will choose the topic at the beginning of the session in consultation with the faculty
assigned. The progress of the paper will be monitored regularly by the faculty. At the end of the semester
the detailed paper on the topic will be submitted to the faculty assigned. The evaluation will be done by
Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

GUIDELINES FOR TERM PAPER

The procedure for writing a term paper may consists of the following steps:
1. Choosing a subject
2. Finding sources of materials
3. Collecting the notes
4. Outlining the paper
5. Writing the first draft
6. Editing & preparing the final paper

1. Choosing a Subject
The subject chosen should not be too general.

2. Finding Sources of materials

a) The material sources should be not more than 10 years old unless the nature of the paper is such that
it involves examining older writings from a historical point of view.
b) Begin by making a list of subject-headings under which you might expect the subject to be listed.
c) The sources could be books and magazines articles, news stories, periodicals, scientific journals etc.

3. Collecting the notes

Skim through sources, locating the useful material, then make good notes of it, including quotes and
information for footnotes.
a) Get facts, not just opinions. Compare the facts with author's conclusion.
b) In research studies, notice the methods and procedures, results & conclusions.
c) Check cross references.

4. Outlining the paper

a) Review notes to find main sub-divisions of the subject.
b) Sort the collected material again under each main division to find sub-sections for outline so that it
begins to look more coherent and takes on a definite structure. If it does not, try going back and
sorting again for main divisions, to see if another general pattern is possible.

5. Writing the first draft

Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the first part of the paper what its
purpose is. You may follow the following:
a) statement of purpose
b) main body of the paper
c) statement of summary and conclusion
Avoid short, bumpy sentences and long straggling sentences with more than one main ideas.

6. Editing & Preparing the final Paper

a) Before writing a term paper, you should ensure you have a question which you attempt to answer in
your paper. This question should be kept in mind throughout the paper. Include only information/
details/ analyses of relevance to the question at hand. Sometimes, the relevance of a particular section
 may be clear to you but not to your readers. To avoid this, ensure you briefly explain the relevance of
every section.
b) Read the paper to ensure that the language is not awkward, and that it "flows" properly.
c) Check for proper spelling, phrasing and sentence construction.
d) Check for proper form on footnotes, quotes, and punctuation.
e) Check to see that quotations serve one of the following purposes:
(i) Show evidence of what an author has said.
(ii) Avoid misrepresentation through restatement.
(iii) Save unnecessary writing when ideas have been well expressed by the original author.
f) Check for proper form on tables and graphs. Be certain that any table or graph is self-explanatory.

Term papers should be composed of the following sections:

1) Title page
2) Table of contents
3) Introduction
4) Review
5) Discussion&Conclusion
6) References
7) Appendix
Generally, the introduction, discussion, conclusion and bibliography part should account for a third of the
paper and the review part should be two thirds of the paper.

Discussion
The discussion section either follows the results or may alternatively be integrated in the results section.
The section should consist of a discussion of the results of the study focusing on the question posed in the
research paper.

Conclusion
The conclusion is often thought of as the easiest part of the paper but should by no means be disregarded.
There are a number of key components which should not be omitted. These include:
a) summary of question posed
b) summary of findings
c) summary of main limitations of the study at hand
d) details of possibilities for related future research

References
From the very beginning of a research project, you should be careful to note all details of articles
gathered.
The bibliography should contain ALL references included in the paper. References not included in the
text in any form should NOT be included in the bibliography.
The key to a good bibliography is consistency. Choose a particular convention and stick to this.

Bibliographical conventions
Monographs
Crystal, D. (2001), Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Volumes
Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures. Challenges to communication in a second
language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
[(eds.) is used when there is more than one editor; and (ed.) where there is only one editor. In German the
abbreviation used is (Hrsg.) for Herausgeber].

Edited Articles
Schmidt, R./Shimura, A./Wang, Z./Jeong, H. (1996), Suggestions to buy: Television commercials from
the U.S., Japan, China, and Korea. In: Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures.
Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter: 285-316.
Journal Articles
McQuarrie, E.F./Mick, D.G. (1992), On resonance: A critical pluralistic inquiry into advertising rhetoric.
Journal of consumer research 19, 180-197.

Electronic Book
Chandler, D. (1994), Semiotics for beginners [HTML document]. Retrieved [5.10.'01] from the World
Wide Web, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/.

Electronic Journal Articles

Watts, S. (2000) Teaching talk: Should students learn 'real German'? [HTML document]. German as a
Foreign Language Journal [online] 1. Retrieved [12.09.'00] from the World Wide Web, http://www.gfl-
journal.com/.

Other Websites
Verterhus, S.A. (n.y.), Anglicisms in German car advertising. The problem of gender assignment [HTML
document]. Retrieved [13.10.'01] from the World Wide Web, http://olaf.hiof.no/~sverrev/eng.html.

Unpublished Papers
Takahashi, S./DuFon, M.A. (1989), Cross-linguistic influence in indirectness: The case of English
directives performed by native Japanese speakers. Unpublished paper, Department of English as a Second
Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.

Unpublished Theses/ Dissertations

Möhl, S. (1996), Alltagssituationen im interkulturellen Vergleich: Realisierung von Kritik und Ablehnung
im Deutschen und Englischen. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Hamburg.
Walsh, R. (1995), Language development and the year abroad: A study of oral grammatical accuracy
amongst adult learners of German as a foreign language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University
College Dublin.

Appendix
The appendix should be used for data collected (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts,...) and for tables and
graphs not included in the main text due to their subsidiary nature or to space constraints in the main text.

Assessment Scheme:

Continuous Evaluation: 40%

(Based on abstract writing, interim draft, general approach,
research orientation, readings undertaken etc.)

Final Evaluation: 60%

(Based on the organization of the paper, objectives/
problem profile/ issue outlining, comprehensiveness of the
research, flow of the idea/ ideas, relevance of material used/
presented, outcomes vs. objectives, presentation/ viva etc.)
 PROJECT
Course Code: BTE2332 Credit Units: 02

Objectives:
The aim of the project is to provide the students with an opportunity to further their intellectual and
personal development in the chosen field by undertaking a significant practical unit of activity. The
project can be defined as a scholarly inquiry into a problem or issues, involving a systematic approach to
gathering and analysis of information / data, leading to production of a structured report.

Chapter Scheme and distribution of marks:

Chapter 1: Introduction – 10 marks
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework/ National/International Scenario – 25 marks
Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis & Findings -- 25 marks
Chapter 4: Conclusion & Recommendations -- 10 marks
Chapter 5: Bibliography -- 05 marks

Project Report Power Point Presentation & Viva

75 marks 25 marks

Components of a Project Report

The outcome of Project Work is the Project Report. A project report should have the following
components:

1) Cover Page: This should contain the title of the project proposal, to whom it is submitted, for which
degree, the name of the author, name of the supervisor, year of submission of the project work, name of
the University.

2) Acknowledgement: Various organizations and individuals who might have provided assistance /co-
operation during the process of carrying out the study.

3) Table of Content: Page-wise listing of the main contents in the report, i.e., different Chapters and its
main Sections along with their page numbers.

4) Body of the Report: The body of the report should have these four logical divisions
a) Introduction: This will cover the background, rationale/ need / justification, brief review of literature,
objectives, methodology (the area of the study, sample, type of study, tools for data collection, and
method of analysis), Limitations of the Study, and Chapter Planning.
b) Conceptual Framework / National and International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
c) Presentation of Data,Analysis and Findings:(using the tools and techniques mentioned in the
methodology).
d) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this section, the concluding observations based on the main
findings and suggestions are to be provided.

5) Bibliography or References: This section will include the list of books and articles which have been
used in the project work, and in writing a project report.

6) Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.

(The main text of the Project should normally be in the range of 5000 words. However, there may be
annexure in addition to the main text)

The Steps of a Project Report

Step I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into consideration:
 Suitability of the topic.
 Relevance of the topic
  Time available at the disposal.
 Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
 Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility
of getting responses, etc.)

Step II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation with the Supervisor.

Step III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the same.

Step IV: Writing the report dividing it into suitable chapters, viz.,
Chapter 1: Introduction,
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Step V: The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
2) Student‟s declaration (Annexure-IB)
3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student
undertakes the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.

Guidelines for Evaluation:

 Each of the students has to undertake a Project individually under the supervision of a teacher and
to submit the same following the guidelines stated below.
 Language of Project Report and Viva-Voce Examination may be English. The Project Report
must be typed and hard bound.
 Failure to submit the Project Report or failure to appear at the Viva-voce Examination will be
treated as “Absent” in the Examination. He /she has to submit the Project Report and appear at
the Viva-Voce Examination in the subsequent years (within the time period as per University
Rules).
 No marks will be allotted on the Project Report unless a candidate appears at the Viva-Voce
Examination. Similarly, no marks will be allotted on Viva-Voce Examination unless a candidate
submits his/her Project Report.
 Evaluation of the Project Work to be done jointly by one internal expert and one external expert
with equal weightage, i.e., average marks of the internal and external experts will be allotted to
the candidate.
 WORKSHOP / CERTIFICATION
Course Code: BTE2333 Credit Units: 02

Objectives
A workshop is primarily an activity based academic event that is organized to provide the students a one
to one and hands on experience on any aspect of their learning. The communication in a workshop has to
be necessarily two way. The trainer has to make sure that the aspect covered are practically practiced by
the participants. The student will choose the option of workshop from amongst their concentration
electives. The evaluation will be done by Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

Major Themes for Workshop

The workshop may be conducted on any of the following major themes:
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Marketing
Economics
Operations
Supply Chain Management
These themes are merely indicative and other recent and relevant topics of study may be included.

Guidelines for Workshop

The procedure for earning credits from workshop consists of the following steps:
Relevant study material and references will be provided by the trainer in advance.
The participants are expected to explore the topic in advance and take active part in the discussions held
Attending and Participating in all activities of the workshop
Group Activities have to be undertaken by students as guided by the trainer.
Evaluation of workshop activities would be done through test and quiz at the end of the workshop.
Submitting a write up of at least 500 words about the learning outcome from the workshop.

Methodology
The methodology followed at the workshop could be based on any one or more of the following methods:
Case Study
Business Game
Simulation
Group Activity
Role Play
Business Planning
Quiz

Evaluation Scheme:
Attendance Active Multiple Choice Solving the case/ Total
Participation Questions/ Quiz Assignment/
Write up
10 30 30 30 100
 Syllabus – Fourth Semester
MICROBIOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2406 Credit Units: 02

Course Contents:

1. Preparation of solid and liquid media.

2. Isolation and maintenance of organisms by plating, streaking and serial dilution.
3. Preparation of slant cultures.
4. Growth curve measurement of bacterial population by turbidometry.
5. Measurement of bacterial population by dilution method.
6. Effect of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of bacteria.
7. Microscopic examination of bacteria by gram staining.
8. Endospore staining.
9. Capsule staining.
10. Isolation and identification of Rhizobium from root nodules.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 DATA STRUCTURE& ALGORITHMS LAB
Course Code: BTE2407 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

Module I
Stack implementation through arrays, link list

Module II
Programs for recursion functions

Module III
Implementation of queues and leap structures

Module IV
Application of binary trees in pre-order, post-order and in-order evaluation

Module V
A VL tree implementation

Module VI
Optimal matrix multiplication

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2408 Credit Units: 01

Course Objective:
The laboratory will help the students to isolate enzymes from different sources, enzyme assays and
studying their kinetic parameters which have immense importance in industrial processes.

Course Contents:

Module I
Isolation of enzymes from plant and microbial sources.

Module II
Enzyme assay; activity and specific activity – determination of amylase, nitrate reductase, cellulase,
protease.

Module III
Purification of Enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation.

Module IV
Enzyme Kinetics: Effect of varying substrate concentration on enzyme activity, determination of
Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and Maximum Velocity (Vmax.) using Lineweaver-Burk plot.

Module V
Effect of Temperature and pH on enzyme activity.

Module VI
Enzyme immobilization

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10

Text & References:

Text:
 Practical Biochemistry, Sawhney and Singh

References:
 Practical Biochemistry, Principles & Techniques, Keith Wilson and John Walker
 METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2409 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

Module I
Cell disruption techniques

Module II
Centrifugation – low speed and high speed.

Module III
Spectrophotometer techniques

Module IV
Chromatography –Paper Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography

Module V
Electrophoresis –SDS Page and Agarose gel electrophoresis.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2410 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective
The students will be exposed to basic concepts related to marine life. Also the subject deals with the
scope and application of marine biota in biotechnology.

Course Contents

Module I
The marine ecosystem and its functioning: intertidal, estuarine, salt marsh, mangrove, coral reef, coastal
& deep sea ecosystems. Marine viruses, Bacteria and their significance; Hydrothermal vents; Marine
Biodiversity: defining, measurement and conservation strategies.

Module II
Nutrients cycling: carbon, nitrogen sulphur & phosphorus.
Global climate changes: impact on species diversity & productivity, oceans as a carbon sink, effects on
corals bleaching. Biological rhythms.

Module III
Important Marine Products: Bioactive compounds from marine organisms, GFP, RFP characteristics and
their applications; Green mussel adhesive protein, Chitosan and its applications

Module IV
Probiotic bacteria and their importance in aquaculture; Vaccines in aquaculture: Fish, shrimps & prawns;
Marine food analysis-spoilage, quality control; Techniques for identification of bacterial & viral
pathogens in aquaculture and Remedies.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

 Biodiversity (2004) Borua, P.K
 Text book of Marine Ecology (1989). Nair N.B. & Thampy, D.M.
 Drugs from sea. (2000). Fusetani, N.
 Microbiology of deep sea hydrothermal vents. (1995). Karl, D.M.
 The search from bioactive compounds from microorganisms. (1992). Omum, S.
 Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology. Vol.2 (1998) Fingerman, M., Nagabushanam, R.,
Thompson, M.
 Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology Volume 3 – Milton fingerman et al., 1999.
 Environmental Biotechnology – Gareth M.Evams et al., 2003
 Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Environmental Biotechnology – S.Mahesh et al.,
2003.
 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
Course Code: BTE2411 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective
The students will be exposed to basic concepts related with development of vaccines.

Course Contents

Module I
History of Vaccine Development
Definition of Vaccine
Evolution of Vaccines

Module II
Process development for vaccines
Manufacturing of vaccines
Various aspects of vaccines, process development and manufacturing

Module III
Clinical development of vaccines
Clinical end-point: Evolution of vaccines
General specifications and pharmaceuticals release criteria for the existing vaccines
Cold chain management of vaccines
Current vaccine research

Examination Scheme:
Components H/S A CT EE
Weightage (%) 10 5 15 70

Text & Reference

 Vaccines, 4th Edition by Stanley A. Plotkin, Elsevier publication
 Vaccines and Immunotherapy by Stanley J. Cryz Elsevier science publishing co.
 Journal articles and reviews
 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course code: BTE2412 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The agriculture plant biotechnology course basically meant for understanding the basic techniques of
plant tissue culture and genetic engineering in plants along with the latest ongoing research on the
different aspects of plants and its products to redefine agriculture priorities and produce human resource
with academic, scientific and technical expertise along with management or business experience.

MODULE I Plant Regeneration Technologies

Introduction and historical perspective, organ culture, cell suspension, organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis, micropropagation, anther and ovary culture-haploid production, embryo culture and
rescue, protoplast culture, somatic hybridization and cybrids.

MODULE II Transgenic Plants Technology

Genetic Transformation, Methods for gene transfer in plants, Molecular mechanism of Agrobacterium
mediated transformation. Selectable markers, Reporter gene and Promoters used in plant transformation
vectors.

MODULE III Industrial and Agricultural Application

Biotic stress tolerance; insect, pest and pathogen resistance. Abiotic stress tolerance; salt, water and
drought tolerance. Herbicide tolerance. Molecular farming

Examination Scheme:
Components H/S A CT EE
Weightage (%) 10 5 15 70

References

1. Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation of Plants. A. Slater, N. W. Scott and M. R.

Fower.2008. Oxford University Press
2. Recent Advances in Plant Biotechnology: Ara Kirakosyan and Peter B. Kaufan. 2009. Springer
3. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. S.S. Bhojwani and M.K.Razdan. Elsevier Health Science
4. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. M.K. Razdan. Oxford and IBH Publishing.
 STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2414 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective: The objective of this paper is to familiarize the students with stem cell technology and
its applications for betterment of the society. The course is designed to give a broad view of mammalian
stem cells, reviewing where they are found in the body, the different types and how they are cultured. The
topics will cover the basic biology of these stem cells as well as bioengineering and application of these
stem cells to potential treatments of human diseases.

Course Contents:

Module I
Definition, properties, proliferation, culture of stem cells, medical applications of stem cells, ethical and
legal issues in use of stem cells.

Module II
Stem Cell biology and therapy, types embryonic stem cell, Adult stem cell, Stem Cell Biology and
Therapy, Embryonic Stem Cells, culture and the potential benefits of stem cell technology

Module III
Gene Therapy: Introduction, History and evolution of Gene therapy, optimal disease targets, Failures and
successes with gene therapy and future prospects,Genetic Perspectives for Gene Therapy, Gene Delivery
methods: Viral vectors and Non-viral Vectors

Module IV
Regulatory and Ethical Considerations of stem cell and Gene Therapy, Assessing Human Stem Cell
Safety, Use of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in Experimental Gene Therapies.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Stem Cell Biology, Daniel Marshak, Richard L. Gardener and David Gottlieb, Cold Spring Harbour
Laboratory Press
 Stem cell biology and gene therapy, Booth C., Cell Biology International, Academic Press
 Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy: Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine, Alexander Battler,
Jonathan Leo, Springer,

References:
 Stem Cell Biology and Gene Therapy. Quesenberry PJ, Stein GS, eds. (£65.00.) Wiley, 1998.
 Progress in gene therapy, Volume 2,Pioneering stem cell/gene therapy trials, Roger Bertolotti, Keiya
Ozawa and H. Kirk Hammond, VSP international science publishers
 Stem Cells Handbook: Stewart Sell, Humana Press; Totowa NJ, USA; Oct. 2003,
 Understanding Biotechnology by Aluízio Borém, Fabrício R. Santos, David E. Bowen, Prentice Hall
 TERM PAPER
Course Code: BTE2431 Credit Units: 02

METHODOLOGY
A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular
subject.
The students will choose the topic at the beginning of the session in consultation with the faculty
assigned. The progress of the paper will be monitored regularly by the faculty. At the end of the semester
the detailed paper on the topic will be submitted to the faculty assigned. The evaluation will be done by
Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

GUIDELINES FOR TERM PAPER

The procedure for writing a term paper may consists of the following steps:
 Choosing a subject
 Finding sources of materials
 Collecting the notes
 Outlining the paper
 Writing the first draft
 Editing & preparing the final paper

1. Choosing a Subject
The subject chosen should not be too general.

2. Finding Sources of materials

d) The material sources should be not more than 10 years old unless the nature of the paper is such that
it involves examining older writings from a historical point of view.
e) Begin by making a list of subject-headings under which you might expect the subject to be listed.
f) The sources could be books and magazines articles, news stories, periodicals, scientific journals etc.

3. Collecting the notes

Skim through sources, locating the useful material, then make good notes of it, including quotes and
information for footnotes.
d) Get facts, not just opinions. Compare the facts with author's conclusion.
e) In research studies, notice the methods and procedures, results & conclusions.
f) Check cross references.

4. Outlining the paper

c) Review notes to find main sub-divisions of the subject.
d) Sort the collected material again under each main division to find sub-sections for outline so that it
begins to look more coherent and takes on a definite structure. If it does not, try going back and
sorting again for main divisions, to see if another general pattern is possible.

5. Writing the first draft

Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the first part of the paper what its
purpose is. You may follow the following:
a) statement of purpose
b) main body of the paper
c) statement of summary and conclusion
Avoid short, bumpy sentences and long straggling sentences with more than one main ideas.

6. Editing & Preparing the final Paper

g) Before writing a term paper, you should ensure you have a question which you attempt to answer in
your paper. This question should be kept in mind throughout the paper. Include only information/
details/ analyses of relevance to the question at hand. Sometimes, the relevance of a particular section
 may be clear to you but not to your readers. To avoid this, ensure you briefly explain the relevance of
every section.
h) Read the paper to ensure that the language is not awkward, and that it "flows" properly.
i) Check for proper spelling, phrasing and sentence construction.
j) Check for proper form on footnotes, quotes, and punctuation.
k) Check to see that quotations serve one of the following purposes:
(iv) Show evidence of what an author has said.
(v) Avoid misrepresentation through restatement.
(vi) Save unnecessary writing when ideas have been well expressed by the original author.
l) Check for proper form on tables and graphs. Be certain that any table or graph is self-explanatory.

Term papers should be composed of the following sections:

 Title page
 Table of contents
 Introduction
 Review
 Discussion&Conclusion
 References
 Appendix
Generally, the introduction, discussion, conclusion and bibliography part should account for a third of the
paper and the review part should be two thirds of the paper.

Discussion
The discussion section either follows the results or may alternatively be integrated in the results section.
The section should consist of a discussion of the results of the study focusing on the question posed in the
research paper.

Conclusion
The conclusion is often thought of as the easiest part of the paper but should by no means be disregarded.
There are a number of key components which should not be omitted. These include:
e) summary of question posed
f) summary of findings
g) summary of main limitations of the study at hand
h) details of possibilities for related future research

References
From the very beginning of a research project, you should be careful to note all details of articles
gathered.
The bibliography should contain ALL references included in the paper. References not included in the
text in any form should NOT be included in the bibliography.
The key to a good bibliography is consistency. Choose a particular convention and stick to this.

Bibliographical conventions
Monographs
Crystal, D. (2001), Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Volumes
Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures. Challenges to communication in a second
language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
[(eds.) is used when there is more than one editor; and (ed.) where there is only one editor. In German the
abbreviation used is (Hrsg.) for Herausgeber].

Edited Articles
Schmidt, R./Shimura, A./Wang, Z./Jeong, H. (1996), Suggestions to buy: Television commercials from
the U.S., Japan, China, and Korea. In: Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures.
Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter: 285-316.
Journal Articles
McQuarrie, E.F./Mick, D.G. (1992), On resonance: A critical pluralistic inquiry into advertising rhetoric.
Journal of consumer research 19, 180-197.

Electronic Book
Chandler, D. (1994), Semiotics for beginners [HTML document]. Retrieved [5.10.'01] from the World
Wide Web, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/.

Electronic Journal Articles

Watts, S. (2000) Teaching talk: Should students learn 'real German'? [HTML document]. German as a
Foreign Language Journal [online] 1. Retrieved [12.09.'00] from the World Wide Web, http://www.gfl-
journal.com/.

Other Websites
Verterhus, S.A. (n.y.), Anglicisms in German car advertising. The problem of gender assignment [HTML
document]. Retrieved [13.10.'01] from the World Wide Web, http://olaf.hiof.no/~sverrev/eng.html.

Unpublished Papers
Takahashi, S./DuFon, M.A. (1989), Cross-linguistic influence in indirectness: The case of English
directives performed by native Japanese speakers. Unpublished paper, Department of English as a Second
Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.

Unpublished Theses/ Dissertations

Möhl, S. (1996), Alltagssituationen im interkulturellen Vergleich: Realisierung von Kritik und Ablehnung
im Deutschen und Englischen. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Hamburg.
Walsh, R. (1995), Language development and the year abroad: A study of oral grammatical accuracy
amongst adult learners of German as a foreign language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University
College Dublin.

Appendix
The appendix should be used for data collected (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts,...) and for tables and
graphs not included in the main text due to their subsidiary nature or to space constraints in the main text.

Assessment Scheme:

Continuous Evaluation: 40%

(Based on abstract writing, interim draft, general approach,
research orientation, readings undertaken etc.)

Final Evaluation: 60%

(Based on the organization of the paper, objectives/
problem profile/ issue outlining, comprehensiveness of the
research, flow of the idea/ ideas, relevance of material used/
presented, outcomes vs. objectives, presentation/ viva etc.)
 PROJECT
Course Code: BTE2432 Credit Units: 02

Objectives:
The aim of the project is to provide the students with an opportunity to further their intellectual and
personal development in the chosen field by undertaking a significant practical unit of activity. The
project can be defined as a scholarly inquiry into a problem or issues, involving a systematic approach to
gathering and analysis of information / data, leading to production of a structured report.

Chapter Scheme and distribution of marks:

Chapter 1: Introduction – 10 marks
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework/ National/International Scenario – 25 marks
Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis & Findings -- 25 marks
Chapter 4: Conclusion & Recommendations -- 10 marks
Chapter 5: Bibliography -- 05 marks

Project Report Power Point Presentation & Viva

75 marks 25 marks

Components of a Project Report

The outcome of Project Work is the Project Report. A project report should have the following
components:

1) Cover Page: This should contain the title of the project proposal, to whom it is submitted, for which
degree, the name of the author, name of the supervisor, year of submission of the project work, name of
the University.

2) Acknowledgement: Various organizations and individuals who might have provided assistance /co-
operation during the process of carrying out the study.

3) Table of Content: Page-wise listing of the main contents in the report, i.e., different Chapters and its
main Sections along with their page numbers.

4) Body of the Report: The body of the report should have these four logical divisions
a) Introduction: This will cover the background, rationale/ need / justification, brief review of literature,
objectives, methodology (the area of the study, sample, type of study, tools for data collection, and
method of analysis), Limitations of the Study, and Chapter Planning.
b) Conceptual Framework / National and International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
c) Presentation of Data,Analysis and Findings:(using the tools and techniques mentioned in the
methodology).
d) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this section, the concluding observations based on the main
findings and suggestions are to be provided.

5) Bibliography or References: This section will include the list of books and articles which have been
used in the project work, and in writing a project report.

6) Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.

(The main text of the Project should normally be in the range of 5000 words. However, there may be
annexure in addition to the main text)

The Steps of a Project Report

Step I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into consideration:
 Suitability of the topic.
 Relevance of the topic
  Time available at the disposal.
 Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
 Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility
of getting responses, etc.)

Step II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation with the Supervisor.

Step III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the same.

Step IV : Writing the report dividing it into suitable chapters, viz.,

Chapter 1:Introduction,
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Step V : The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
2) Student‟s declaration (Annexure-IB)
3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student
undertakes the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.

Guidelines for Evaluation:

 Each of the students has to undertake a Project individually under the supervision of a teacher and
to submit the same following the guidelines stated below.
 Language of Project Report and Viva-Voce Examination may be English. The Project Report
must be typed and hard bound.
 Failure to submit the Project Report or failure to appear at the Viva-voce Examination will be
treated as “Absent” in the Examination. He /she has to submit the Project Report and appear at
the Viva-Voce Examination in the subsequent years (within the time period as per University
Rules).
 No marks will be allotted on the Project Report unless a candidate appears at the Viva-Voce
Examination. Similarly, no marks will be allotted on Viva-Voce Examination unless a candidate
submits his/her Project Report.
 Evaluation of the Project Work to be done jointly by one internal expert and one external expert
with equal weightage, i.e., average marks of the internal and external experts will be allotted to
the candidate.
 WORKSHOP / CERTIFICATION
Course Code: BTE2433 Credit Units: 02

Objectives
A workshop is primarily an activity based academic event that is organized to provide the students a one
to one and hands on experience on any aspect of their learning. The communication in a workshop has to
be necessarily two way. The trainer has to make sure that the aspect covered are practically practiced by
the participants. The student will choose the option of workshop from amongst their concentration
electives. The evaluation will be done by Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

Major Themes for Workshop

The workshop may be conducted on any of the following major themes:
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Marketing
Economics
Operations
Supply Chain Management
These themes are merely indicative and other recent and relevant topics of study may be included.

Guidelines for Workshop

The procedure for earning credits from workshop consists of the following steps:
Relevant study material and references will be provided by the trainer in advance.
The participants are expected to explore the topic in advance and take active part in the discussions held
Attending and Participating in all activities of the workshop
Group Activities have to be undertaken by students as guided by the trainer.
Evaluation of workshop activities would be done through test and quiz at the end of the workshop.
Submitting a write up of at least 500 words about the learning outcome from the workshop.

Methodology
The methodology followed at the workshop could be based on any one or more of the following methods:
Case Study
Business Game
Simulation
Group Activity
Role Play
Business Planning
Quiz

Evaluation Scheme:
Attendance Active Multiple Choice Solving the case/ Total
Participation Questions/ Quiz Assignment/
Write up
10 30 30 30 100
 Syllabus – Fifth Semester

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB

Course Code: BTE2505 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

Module I
Preparation of DNA: genomic, Plasmid

Module II
Isolation of RNA

Module III
RFLP analysis

Module IV
Gel filtration

Module V
Preparation of Competent Cells

Module VI
Restriction Digestion and Ligation of DNA

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2506 CreditUnits: 02

Course Contents:

1. Preparation, standardization and sterilization of culture media

2. Inoculation of specific tissues for callusing
3. Inoculation and maintenance of cell lines
4. Study of toxicity on cell lines

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2507 Credit Units: 02

Course Contents:

Module I
Sterilization of glasswares and equipments.
Preparation of cotton plugs and culture media
Preparation of stocks for culture media
Preparation of culture media

Module II
Preparation and sterilization of different explants
Inoculation of explants on culture media

Module III
Study of viability of seeds
Embryo culture

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 BIOINFORMATICSLAB
Course Code: BTE2508 Credit Units: 01

List of Experiments/Exercises

1. Basics of sequence analysis Retrieving a sequence-nucleic acid/Protein

2. Local and Global Alignment- concepts Pair wise sequence alignment
3. Multiple sequence alignment
4. DOT Matrix Analysis
5. Analysis Using Scoring Matrices
6. Dynamic Programming – Smith Watermann Algorithm Needleman Wunsch Algorithm
7. Protein identification, physical properties, motifs and patterns, structure, folding classes, structure
classification
8. ESTs – databases, clustering, gene discovery and identification, and functional classification.
9. Molecular Structure drawing tool, Molecular modeling/Docking.

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
Note: Minor variation could be there depending on the examiner.
 SUMMER INTERNSHIP EVALUATION-I
Course Code: BTE2535 Credit Units: 03

GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT FILE

Research experience is as close to a professional problem-solving activity as anything in the curriculum.
It provides exposure to research methodology and an opportunity to work closely with a faculty guide. It
usually requires the use of advanced concepts, a variety of experimental techniques, and state-of-the-art
instrumentation.
Research is genuine exploration of the unknown that leads to new knowledge which often warrants
publication. But whether or not the results of a research project are publishable, the project should be
communicated in the form of a research report written by the student.
Sufficient time should be allowed for satisfactory completion of reports, taking into account that initial
drafts should be critiqued by the faculty guide and corrected by the student at each stage.
The File is the principal means by which the work carried out will be assessed and therefore great care
should be taken in its preparation.

Methodology
The students will be sent to various industries and institutes where they will undergo short term training.
After the completion of the training the students will be required to submit project report which shall then
be evaluated by two internal examiners. The students will then have to appear for a Viva Voce
examination to be conducted by an external evaluator at the end of the semester.

In general, the File should be comprehensive and include

 A short account of the activities that were undertaken as part of the project;
 A statement about the extent to which the project has achieved its stated goals.
 A statement about the outcomes of the evaluation and dissemination processes engaged in as part of
the project;
 Any activities planned but not yet completed as part of the project, or as a future initiative directly
resulting from the project;
 Any problems that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

Report Layout
The report should contain the following components:

 Title or Cover Page

The title page should contain the following information: Project Title; Student‟s Name; Course; Year;
Supervisor‟s Name.

 Acknowledgements (optional)
Acknowledgment to any advisory or financial assistance received in the course of work may be given.

 Abstract
A good"Abstract" should be straight to the point; not too descriptive but fully informative. First paragraph
should state what was accomplished with regard to the objectives. The abstract does not have to be an
entire summary of the project, but rather a concise summary of the scope and results of the project

 Table of Contents
Titles and subtitles are to correspond exactly with those in the text.

 Introduction
Here a brief introduction to the problem that is central to the project and an outline of the structure of the
rest of the report should be provided. The introduction should aim to catch the imagination of the reader,
so excessive details should be avoided.
 Materials and Methods
This section should aim at experimental designs, materials used. Methodology should be mentioned in
details including modifications if any.

 Results and Discussion

Present results, discuss and compare these with those from other workers, etc. In writing these section,
emphasis should be given on what has been performed and achieved in the course of the work, rather than
discuss in detail what is readily available in text books. Avoid abrupt changes in contents from section to
section and maintain a lucid flow throughout the thesis. An opening and closing paragraph in every
chapter could be included to aid in smooth flow.

Note that in writing the various secions, all figures and tables should as far as possible be next to the
associated text, in the same orientation as the main text, numbered, and given appropriate titles or
captions. All major equations should also be numbered and unless it is really necessary never write in
“point” form.

 Conclusion
A conclusion should be the final section in which the outcome of the work is mentioned briefly.

 Future prospects

 Appendices
The Appendix contains material which is of interest to the reader but not an integral part of the thesis and
any problem that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

 References / Bibliography
This should include papers and books referred to in the body of the report. These should be ordered
alphabetically on the author's surname. The titles of journals preferably should not be abbreviated; if they
are, abbreviations must comply with an internationally recognised system.

Examples
For research article
Voravuthikunchai SP, Lortheeranuwat A, Ninrprom T, Popaya W, Pongpaichit S, Supawita T. (2002)
Antibacterial activity of Thai medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7.
Clin Microbiol Infec, 8 (suppl 1): 116–117.

For book
Kowalski, M. (1976) Transduction of effectiveness in Rhizobium meliloti. SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION PLANTS (editor P.S. Nutman IBP), 7: 63-67

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT FILE

Essentially, marking will be based on the following criteria: the quality of the report, the technical merit
of the project and the project execution.
Technical merit attempts to assess the quality and depth of the intellectual efforts put into the project.
Project execution is concerned with assessing how much work has been put in.
The File should fulfill the following assessment objectives:

Range of Research Methods used to obtain information

Execution of Research

Data Analysis
Analyse Quantitative/ Qualitative information
Control Quality
Draw Conclusions

Examination Scheme:

Project Report 50
Viva Voce 50

Total 100

STEM CELLS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

Course Code: BTE2510 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The course is designed to give a broad view of mammalian stem cells, reviewing where they are found in
the body, different types and how they are cultured. The topics will cover the basic biology of these stem
cells as well as bioengineering and application of these stem cells to potential treatments of human
diseases.

Course Contents:

Module I
Stem Cell biology; types; embryonic stem cell, Adult stem cell and potential benefits of stem cell
technology, Bone marrow transplants, Immunotherapy, Autoimmune Diseases and Promise of Stem Cell-
Based Therapies, Stem Cells and Diabetes, Stem Cells and heart Repair

Module II
Gene Therapy: Introduction, History and evolution of Gene therapy, optimal disease targets, Failures and
successes of gene therapy and future prospects; Gene Therapy and Immune System: Genetic
Immunization, Innate and Acquired Immune Response to Gene Therapy

Module III
Gene Delivery methods; Viral vectors: Adenoviral, Adeno-associated virus (AAV), Retroviral, Lentiviral,
Herpes Virus; Non-viral Vectors and Physical Methods & Combinatorial methods. Genetic perspectives
for Gene Therapy, Gene Therapy for Cancer and Vascular Disorders, Nervous System.

Module IV
Regulatory and Ethical Considerations of Cell and Gene Therapy, Assessing Human Stem Cell Safety,
Use of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in Experimental Gene Therapies.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Stem cell biology and gene therapy, Booth C., Cell Biology International, Academic Press
 Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy: Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine, Alexander Battler,
Jonathan Leo, Springer,

References:
 Stem Cell Biology and Gene Therapy. Quesenberry PJ, Stein GS, eds. (£65.00.) Wiley, 1998.
 Progress in gene therapy, Volume 2,Pioneering stem cell/gene therapy trials, Roger Bertolotti, Keiya
Ozawa and H. Kirk Hammond, VSP international science publishers
 Stem Cells Handbook: Stewart Sell, Humana Press; Totowa NJ, USA; Oct. 2003,
 Understanding Biotechnology by Aluízio Borém, Fabrício R. Santos, David E. Bowen, Prentice Hall
 Cell Therapy: Stem Cell Transplantation, Gene Therapy, and Cellular Immunotherapy (Cancer:
Clinical Science in Practice) George Morstyn, William Sheridan, Cambridge University Press,

JAVA-I
Course Code: BTE2511 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The objective is to introduce students to a modern programming language and help them gain sufficient
fluency to undertake research projects with a programming component; to lay the foundations for more
advanced study of object-oriented languages
Emphasis is on to understand the basic concepts of programming; to learn the syntax and semantics of
Java; to be able to use a program development environment

Course Contents:

Module I
Introduction to Java - Features, Inheritance, Strings, Packages, Interfaces; Multi- Threading, Applet
Programming: AWT- Components, Menus, Layout manager, etc., Event Handling,, Java Packages -
java.util, -java.io; exception handling,

Module II
Collection API - Arrays, Collection Interfaces, Concrete Collections, The Collections Framework,
Legacy Collections

Module III
Swing

Module IV
 JDBC
 Introduction to Client Server Application
 Java Drivers
 java.sql Package
 Installing and setting up JDBC
 Basic JDBC Programming concepts
 Populating a database
 Executing Queries
 Scrollable and Updateable Result Sets

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

 Complete reference by Herbert Schildt TataMcGraw Hill

 Programming with java A Primer by Balagurusamy Publisher: TataMcGraw Hill
 Core Java 2 – Volume I – Fundamentalsby Cay S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell published by Sun
Microsystems Press, A Prentice Hall Title
 Thinking in Java– by Bruce Eckel published by Prentice Hall Computer Books

TERM PAPER
Course Code: BTE2531 Credit Units: 02

METHODOLOGY
A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular
subject.
The students will choose the topic at the beginning of the session in consultation with the faculty
assigned. The progress of the paper will be monitored regularly by the faculty. At the end of the semester
the detailed paper on the topic will be submitted to the faculty assigned. The evaluation will be done by
Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

GUIDELINES FOR TERM PAPER

The procedure for writing a term paper may consists of the following steps:
 Choosing a subject
 Finding sources of materials
 Collecting the notes
 Outlining the paper
 Writing the first draft
 Editing & preparing the final paper

1. Choosing a Subject
The subject chosen should not be too general.

2. Finding Sources of materials

g) The material sources should be not more than 10 years old unless the nature of the paper is such that
it involves examining older writings from a historical point of view.
h) Begin by making a list of subject-headings under which you might expect the subject to be listed.
i) The sources could be books and magazines articles, news stories, periodicals, scientific journals etc.

3. Collecting the notes

Skim through sources, locating the useful material, then make good notes of it, including quotes and
information for footnotes.
g) Get facts, not just opinions. Compare the facts with author's conclusion.
h) In research studies, notice the methods and procedures, results & conclusions.
i) Check cross references.

4. Outlining the paper

e) Review notes to find main sub-divisions of the subject.
f) Sort the collected material again under each main division to find sub-sections for outline so that it
begins to look more coherent and takes on a definite structure. If it does not, try going back and
sorting again for main divisions, to see if another general pattern is possible.

5. Writing the first draft

Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the first part of the paper what its
purpose is. You may follow the following:
a) statement of purpose
b) main body of the paper
c) statement of summary and conclusion
Avoid short, bumpy sentences and long straggling sentences with more than one main ideas.

6. Editing & Preparing the final Paper

m) Before writing a term paper, you should ensure you have a question which you attempt to answer in
your paper. This question should be kept in mind throughout the paper. Include only information/
details/ analyses of relevance to the question at hand. Sometimes, the relevance of a particular section
may be clear to you but not to your readers. To avoid this, ensure you briefly explain the relevance of
every section.
n) Read the paper to ensure that the language is not awkward, and that it "flows" properly.
o) Check for proper spelling, phrasing and sentence construction.
p) Check for proper form on footnotes, quotes, and punctuation.
q) Check to see that quotations serve one of the following purposes:
(vii) Show evidence of what an author has said.
(viii) Avoid misrepresentation through restatement.
(ix) Save unnecessary writing when ideas have been well expressed by the original author.
r) Check for proper form on tables and graphs. Be certain that any table or graph is self-explanatory.

Term papers should be composed of the following sections:

 Title page
 Table of contents
 Introduction
 Review
 Discussion&Conclusion
 References
 Appendix
Generally, the introduction, discussion, conclusion and bibliography part should account for a third of the
paper and the review part should be two thirds of the paper.

Discussion
The discussion section either follows the results or may alternatively be integrated in the results section.
The section should consist of a discussion of the results of the study focusing on the question posed in the
research paper.

Conclusion
The conclusion is often thought of as the easiest part of the paper but should by no means be disregarded.
There are a number of key components which should not be omitted. These include:
i) summary of question posed
j) summary of findings
k) summary of main limitations of the study at hand
l) details of possibilities for related future research

References
From the very beginning of a research project, you should be careful to note all details of articles
gathered.
The bibliography should contain ALL references included in the paper. References not included in the
text in any form should NOT be included in the bibliography.
The key to a good bibliography is consistency. Choose a particular convention and stick to this.

Bibliographical conventions
Monographs
Crystal, D. (2001), Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Volumes
Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures. Challenges to communication in a second
language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
[(eds.) is used when there is more than one editor; and (ed.) where there is only one editor. In German the
abbreviation used is (Hrsg.) for Herausgeber].

Edited Articles
Schmidt, R./Shimura, A./Wang, Z./Jeong, H. (1996), Suggestions to buy: Television commercials from
the U.S., Japan, China, and Korea. In: Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures.
Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter: 285-316.
Journal Articles
McQuarrie, E.F./Mick, D.G. (1992), On resonance: A critical pluralistic inquiry into advertising rhetoric.
Journal of consumer research 19, 180-197.

Electronic Book
Chandler, D. (1994), Semiotics for beginners [HTML document]. Retrieved [5.10.'01] from the World
Wide Web, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/.

Electronic Journal Articles

Watts, S. (2000) Teaching talk: Should students learn 'real German'? [HTML document]. German as a
Foreign Language Journal [online] 1. Retrieved [12.09.'00] from the World Wide Web, http://www.gfl-
journal.com/.

Other Websites
Verterhus, S.A. (n.y.), Anglicisms in German car advertising. The problem of gender assignment [HTML
document]. Retrieved [13.10.'01] from the World Wide Web, http://olaf.hiof.no/~sverrev/eng.html.

Unpublished Papers
Takahashi, S./DuFon, M.A. (1989), Cross-linguistic influence in indirectness: The case of English
directives performed by native Japanese speakers. Unpublished paper, Department of English as a Second
Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.

Unpublished Theses/ Dissertations

Möhl, S. (1996), Alltagssituationen im interkulturellen Vergleich: Realisierung von Kritik und Ablehnung
im Deutschen und Englischen. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Hamburg.
Walsh, R. (1995), Language development and the year abroad: A study of oral grammatical accuracy
amongst adult learners of German as a foreign language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University
College Dublin.

Appendix
The appendix should be used for data collected (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts,...) and for tables and
graphs not included in the main text due to their subsidiary nature or to space constraints in the main text.

Assessment Scheme:

Continuous Evaluation: 40%

(Based on abstract writing, interim draft, general approach,
research orientation, readings undertaken etc.)

Final Evaluation: 60%

(Based on the organization of the paper, objectives/
problem profile/ issue outlining, comprehensiveness of the
research, flow of the idea/ ideas, relevance of material used/
presented, outcomes vs. objectives, presentation/ viva etc.)
 PROJECT
Course Code: BTE2532 Credit Units: 02

Objectives:
The aim of the project is to provide the students with an opportunity to further their intellectual and
personal development in the chosen field by undertaking a significant practical unit of activity. The
project can be defined as a scholarly inquiry into a problem or issues, involving a systematic approach to
gathering and analysis of information / data, leading to production of a structured report.

Chapter Scheme and distribution of marks:

Chapter 1: Introduction – 10 marks
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework/ National/International Scenario – 25 marks
Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis & Findings -- 25 marks
Chapter 4: Conclusion & Recommendations -- 10 marks
Chapter 5: Bibliography -- 05 marks

Project Report Power Point Presentation & Viva

75 marks 25 marks

Components of a Project Report

The outcome of Project Work is the Project Report. A project report should have the following
components:

1) Cover Page: This should contain the title of the project proposal, to whom it is submitted, for which
degree, the name of the author, name of the supervisor, year of submission of the project work, name of
the University.

2) Acknowledgement: Various organizations and individuals who might have provided assistance /co-
operation during the process of carrying out the study.

3) Table of Content: Page-wise listing of the main contents in the report, i.e., different Chapters and its
main Sections along with their page numbers.

4) Body of the Report: The body of the report should have these four logical divisions
a) Introduction: This will cover the background, rationale/ need / justification, brief review of literature,
objectives, methodology (the area of the study, sample, type of study, tools for data collection, and
method of analysis), Limitations of the Study, and Chapter Planning.
b) Conceptual Framework / National and International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
c) Presentation of Data,Analysis and Findings:(using the tools and techniques mentioned in the
methodology).
d) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this section, the concluding observations based on the main
findings and suggestions are to be provided.

5) Bibliography or References: This section will include the list of books and articles which have been
used in the project work, and in writing a project report.

6) Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.

(The main text of the Project should normally be in the range of 5000 words. However, there may be
annexure in addition to the main text)

The Steps of a Project Report

Step I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into consideration:
 Suitability of the topic.
 Relevance of the topic
  Time available at the disposal.
 Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
 Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility
of getting responses, etc.)

Step II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation with the Supervisor.

Step III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the same.

Step IV : Writing the report dividing it into suitable chapters, viz.,

Chapter 1:Introduction,
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Step V : The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
2) Student‟s declaration (Annexure-IB)
3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student
undertakes the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.

Guidelines for Evaluation:

 Each of the students has to undertake a Project individually under the supervision of a teacher and
to submit the same following the guidelines stated below.
 Language of Project Report and Viva-Voce Examination may be English. The Project Report
must be typed and hard bound.
 Failure to submit the Project Report or failure to appear at the Viva-voce Examination will be
treated as “Absent” in the Examination. He /she has to submit the Project Report and appear at
the Viva-Voce Examination in the subsequent years (within the time period as per University
Rules).
 No marks will be allotted on the Project Report unless a candidate appears at the Viva-Voce
Examination. Similarly, no marks will be allotted on Viva-Voce Examination unless a candidate
submits his/her Project Report.
 Evaluation of the Project Work to be done jointly by one internal expert and one external expert
with equal weightage, i.e., average marks of the internal and external experts will be allotted to
the candidate.

WORKSHOP / CERTIFICATION
Course Code: BTE2533 Credit Units: 02

Objectives
A workshop is primarily an activity based academic event that is organized to provide the students a one
to one and hands on experience on any aspect of their learning. The communication in a workshop has to
be necessarily two way. The trainer has to make sure that the aspect covered are practically practiced by
the participants. The student will choose the option of workshop from amongst their concentration
electives. The evaluation will be done by Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

Major Themes for Workshop

The workshop may be conducted on any of the following major themes:
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Marketing
Economics
Operations
Supply Chain Management
These themes are merely indicative and other recent and relevant topics of study may be included.

Guidelines for Workshop

The procedure for earning credits from workshop consists of the following steps:
Relevant study material and references will be provided by the trainer in advance.
The participants are expected to explore the topic in advance and take active part in the discussions held
Attending and Participating in all activities of the workshop
Group Activities have to be undertaken by students as guided by the trainer.
Evaluation of workshop activities would be done through test and quiz at the end of the workshop.
Submitting a write up of at least 500 words about the learning outcome from the workshop.

Methodology
The methodology followed at the workshop could be based on any one or more of the following methods:
Case Study
Business Game
Simulation
Group Activity
Role Play
Business Planning
Quiz

Evaluation Scheme:
Attendance Active Multiple Choice Solving the case/ Total
Participation Questions/ Quiz Assignment/
Write up
10 30 30 30 100

Syllabus – Sixth Semester

 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2601 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
A complete understanding of molecular techniques can be obtained through the course. The successful
application of biotechnology largely depends on these advanced molecular techniques.

Course Contents:
Module I: Enzymes used in RDT
Restriction endonuclease, methyltransferase, ligase, polymerase, kinase, phosphatase, nuclease,
transferase, reverse transcriptase.

Module II: Cloning vectors

Plasmids, bacteriophages (Lambda and M13), phagemids, cosmids, artificial chromosomes (YAC, BAC).
expression vectors (Bacteria and yeast), vector engineering (fusion tags, antibiotic markers), codon
optimization, host engineering

Module III: Blotting techniques and hybridization

Southern, Northern and Western blotting techniques. Radioactive and non-radioactive probes.

Module IV: Nucleic acid amplification and its applications

Principles of PCR, designing of primers

Module V: Cloning Techniques

Basic cloning experiment: Design of cloning strategy and stepwise experimental procedure,
Complementation, colony and plaque hybridization, restriction, PCR, plus-minus screening,
immunoscreening.

Module VI: DNA Libraries

Purpose of constructing DNA libraries. Construction of cDNA and genomic libraries.

Module VII: Sequencing of DNA

DNA sequencing (Maxam Gilbert, Sanger‟s and automated), protein engineering.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, R.W. Old and S. B
Primrose, Blackwell Science Inc.
 Recombinant DNA, J.D. Watson et al, W.H. Freeman and Company.
References:
 Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, B.R. Grick and J.J.
Pasternak, ASM Press.
 Molecular and Cellular Cells Methods in Biology and Medicine, P.B Kaufman, W. Wu, D. Kim and
C.J. Cseke, CRC Press.
 Milestones in Biotechnology: Classic Papers on Genetic Engineering, J.A. Bavies and W.S.
Reznikoff, Butterworth Heinemann.
 Gene Expression Technology, D.V. Goeddel in Methods in Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press
Inc.
 DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, D.M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL Press.
 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, Cold Spring
HarborLaboratory Press.
 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2602 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
The objective of the course is to apply the principles of biochemical engineering in large scale cultivation
of microorganism for production of important products.

Course Contents:

Module I
Advantage of bioprocess over chemical process. Basic principle in bioprocess technology. Media
formulation, Cell culture techniques; Inoculum development and aseptic transfers. Different types of
pumps, valves, and line materials, piping conventions etc. used in Biochemical Process

Module II
Process technology for the production of primary metabolites, eg. biomass, ethanol, acetone-butanol,
citric acid, amino acids, polysaccharides and plastics.

Ethanol: production by batch, continuous and cell recycle adopted by various technologies practiced in
Indian distilleries using molasses and grains. Computation of fermentation efficiency, distillation
efficiency and overall efficiency of ethanol production, recovery, uses, glucose effect etc. Power alcohol
– definition, uses, merits and demerits of various technologies for its production.

Amino Acid: Genetic Control of metabolic pathway.

Lysine: Indirect and direct fermentation – mechanism of ph of metabolic block in accumulation of L-
lysine by inhibition and repression mechanism.

Biomass: Bakers and distillers yeast production using various raw materials, “bios” factors for growth,
Crabtree effect, harvesting, different forms and uses.
What are mushroom, different forms of common mushroom production from agro based raw materials
and uses. Biofertilizers, biocompost and biopesticides

Module III
Production of secondary metabolites – penicillin, cephalosporins, streptomycin, tetracycline etc.
Metabolites from plant and animal cell culture
Penicillin: Classification, various penicillin as precursor and „R‟ – side chain, penicillinase, 6-APA,
penicillin production, harvest and recovery, uses of various forms etc.
Streptomycin: chemical structure, production, harvest and recovery, use by-product of streptomycin
fermentation etc.
Tetracycline: chemical structure, production, harvest and recovery, use by-product of tetracycline
fermentation etc.

Module IV
Microbial production of industrial enzymes – glucose isomerase, penicillin acylase, cellulase, amylase,
lipase, protease etc.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70
Text & References:
 Biochemical Engineering- Kinetics, Mass Transport, Reactors and Gene Expression, W F Weith,
John Wiley and Sons Inc
 Biochemical Engineering, S Aiba, A E Humphery and N F Millis, University of Tokyo Press
 Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts, M.L. Shuler and F. Kargi, Prentice Hall
 Bioprocess Engineering, B.K. Lydersen, K.L. Nelson, B.K. Lyderson and N. D‟Elia, John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
 Bioprocess Engineering Principles, P Doran, Academic Press
 Biotechnology. A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology, W. Crueger and a. Crueger, Sinauer
Associates.
 Principles of Fermentation Technology, P.F. Stanbury and A. Whitaker, Pergamon Press
 Process Engineering in Biotechnolgy, A T Jackson, Prentice Hall
 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2603 Credit Units: 03

Course Objective:
Role of antibody engineering in biomedical applications and the importance of immuno genetics in
disease processes, tissue transplantation and immune regulation are some of the areas of attributes of this
course which can help the students to understand the biotechnology related to human kind.

Course Contents:

Module I: Introduction
Phylogeny of Immune System, Innate and acquired immunity, clonal nature of Immune Response.
Organization and structure of lymphoid organs Nature and Biology of antigens and super antigens
Antibody structure and function; Types of immunity- innate, acquired, active and passive.

Module II: Major Histocompatibilty

MHC, BCR and TCR, generation of antibody diversity, Complement system

Module III: Cells of the immune system

Hematopoiesis and differentiation, lymphocyte trafficking, B-Lymphocytes, T -Lymphocytes,
macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer, lymphokines and lymphokine activated killer cells,
eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells

Module IV: Regulation of immune response

Antigen processing and presentation, activation of B and T lymphocytes, cytokines and their role in
immune regulation, T cell regulation and MHC restriction, immunological tolerance

Module V: Cell mediated toxicity

Mechanism of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis and macrophage mediated cytotoxicity.

Module VI: Hypersensitivity

Module VII: Autoimmunity

Module VIII: Tumor immunology, Immunity to infectious agents

Module IX: Transplantation Immunology

Module X: Synthetic vaccines

Vaccines: General consideration, ideotype network hypothesis, Synthetic vaccines

Module XI: Hnmunological Techniques

Immuno diffusion, immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, RIA, fluorescence activated cell sorter

Module XII: Hybridoma technology and its applications

Fusion of myeloma cells with lymphocytes

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70
Text & References:

Text:
 Basic Immunology, A.K. Abbas and A.H. Lichtman, Saunders W.B. Company
 Basic Immunology, A.K. Abbas and A.H. Lichtman, Saunders W.B. Company

References:
 Fundamentals of Immunology, W. Paul, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
 Immunology, W.L. Anderson, Fence Creek Publishing (Blackwell).
 Immunology: A Short Course, E. Benjamin, R. Coico and G. Sunshine, Wiley-Leiss Inc.
 Immunology, Roitt, Mosby – Yearbook Inc.
 Kuby Immunology, R.A. Goldsby, T.J. Kindt, and B.A. Osborne, Free
 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2605 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The laboratory experiments in Recombinant DNA Technology would certainly help to comprehend the
theoretical aspects of the subject.

Course Contents:

Module I
Study of cloning (GFP CLONING)

Module II
Study of PCR

Module III
Study of Southern hybridiosation

Module IV
Study of RAPD

Module V
Site directed mutagenesis

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2606 Credit Units: 02

Course Contents:

Module I
Isolation of industrially important micro organisms for microbial processes.

Module II
Determination of Thermal Death Point and Thermal death time of micro organisms for design of a
sterilizer

Module III
Determination of growth curve of a supplied micro organism and also determine substrate degradation
profile and to compute specific growth rate and growth yield from the data obtained.

Module IV
Comparative studies of ethanol production using different substrates.

Module V
Production of single cell protein

Module VI
Production and estimation of alkaline protease

Module VII
Sauer Krant fermentation

Module VIII
Use of alginate for cell immobilization

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY LAB
Course Code: BTE2607 Credit Units: 01

Course Contents:

Module I
Blood film preparation and identification of cells.

Module II
Identification of blood group.

Module III
Isolation of serum.

Module IV
Lymphoid organs and their microscopic organization.

Module V
WIDAL Test

Module VI
Radial Immuno Diffusion Test

Module VII
Ouchterlony Double diffusion Test

Module VIII: Elisa

DOT, SANDWICH

Module IX
Purification of lgG through affinity chromatography

Module X
Immunohistochemistry

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
.
 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Code: BTE2608 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The main objectives are to cover representative pharmaceutical dosage forms, and general issues of
formulation, production, quality requirements, validation and uses and to gain an understanding of the
challenges associated with quality pharmaceutical manufacturing

Course Contents:

Module I
Introduction to Physical Pharmaceutics - Metrology and Calculations,

Module II
Molecular structure, properties and States of Matter, Solutions, Phase Equilibra, Micromeritic and Powder
Rheology, Surface and Interfacial Phenomena, Dispersion Systems, Diffusion & Dissolution, Kinetics
and
drug stability, Viscosity & Rheology

Module III
Polymer Science and Applications, Formulations and Development, Packaging

Module IV
Introduction to Industrial Processing, Transport Phenomena (Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass
Transfer)

Module V
Particulate Technology (Particle Size, Size reduction, Size Separation, Powder Flow and Compaction),
Unit Operations (Mixing, Evaporation, Filtration, Centrifugation, Extraction, Distillation, and Drying)

Module VI
Materials of Pharmaceutical Plant Construction, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP‟s) Guidelines

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Bentley's Pharmaceutics by E A Rawlins
 Pharmaceutical Sciences by Remington

References:
 Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin.
 Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial Pharmacy
 MOLECULAR MODELLING
Course Code: BTE2609 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
The students should be able to understand and work on the following topics: various levels of structural
organizations in bio-molecules; representation of the 2D and 3D structures: coordinate systems &
modeling; bioinformatics approaches for structure analysis and structure predictions; conformations &
analysis of macromolecules.

Course Contents

Module I
Internal and external co-ordinate system; Generation of co-ordinates of biopolymers in Cartesian and
cylindrical polar co-ordinate System.

Module II: Anatomy of Biomolecules

Proteins: Ramachandran plot; Secondary structures; Motifs; Domains; Tertiary and quaternary structures;
Fold recognition; Methods for Comparison of 3D structures; DNA: A, B, Z DNA, DNA bending etc.;
RNA structure; Structure of Ribosome

Module III: Analysis of Structural data banks

Protein Data Bank, Cambridge small molecular crystal structure data bank; Calculation of conformational
energy for bio-macromolecules; Developing the energy functions & Force fields; Charge calculation
methods

Module IV: Molecular optimization techniques

Newton Rahpson, Conjugate Gradient, Genetic algorithms, simulated annealing applied to Biomolecules.

Module V
Methods to predict three dimensional structures of nucleic acids, rRNA, tRNA, and proteins

Module VI
Molecular mechanics & dynamics of oligopeptides, proteins, nucleotides and small molecules;
Conformational Searches; Simulation of molecular mechanics and dynamics; Simulations of Free Energy
changes; Electrostatics of Biomolecules

Examination Scheme:
Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE
Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

 Conformations of Biopolymers, Vol. 2. Edited by G.N.Ramachandran.
 Ramachandran, G.N. and Sasisekharan, V. (1968) Conformation of polypeptides and proteins. Adv.
Prot. Chem., 23, 283.
 Creighton, T. E. (Ed.); Protein Structure: A Practical Approach (1989).
 Creighton, T.E.: Proteins: Structure And Molecular Properties. 2nd Edition. New York. W. H.
Freeman and Company, (1993).
 Creighton: Protein Folding, (1992).
 JA McCammon & S.Hervey: Molecular Dynamics of Protein & Nucleic acids, (1989).
 Sternberg, M.J.E.: Protein structure prediction: a practical approach, (1996)
 Pain, R.G.: Mechanisms of protein folding, (1994)
 Leach.A.R: Molecular modelling: principles and applications
 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Course Code: BTE2610 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective:
This course will enable the students to gain knowledge about a relatively newer area of science. The
course is designed to model the different technical properties, applications, besides the closely related
aspects of artificial neural networks.

Course Contents:

Module I
Historical background, Why is learning hard?

Module II
Memorization, generalization and function approximation, Linear Associators, Perceptrons and Capacity,
Multilayer neural networks, Maximum Likelihood and Gradient Descent learning, Stochastic gradient
descent for supervised learning.

Module III
The back propagation algorithm, Aspects of Learning Theory and Generalization, Bias vs. variance,
Overtraining, pruning and regularization, VC dimension and how much data is enough?.

Module IV
Neural networks and analog VLSI, Selected Applications.

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation by S. Haykin, Prentice Hall.

References:
 Neutral Networks for Pattern Recognition by C. Bishop, Oxford University Press.
 JAVA-II
Course Code: BTE2611 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective
The objective is to introduce students to a serverside programming language and help them gain sufficient
fluency to undertake research projects with a programming component; to lay the foundations for study of
web technologies and different tools used for the same.
Emphasis is on to understand the basic concepts of web programming; to learn the syntax and semantics
of Servlet and JSP; to be able to use a server side program development environment

Course Contents

Module I
HTML and JavaScript, Creating and processing HTML forms

Module II
Java Servlets
Introduction to Server Side Application Development
Basics of Servlet Programming
Web Container
Session Tracking
Servlet Context

Module III: JSP

Advantage of JSP technology (Comparision with ASP / Servlet)
JSP Architecture, JSP Access Model
JSP Syntax Basic (Directions, Declarations, Expression, Scriplets, Comments)
JSP Implicit Object, Object Scope
Synchronization Issue
Exception Handling
Session Management

Module IV: Java Network Programming

Connecting to a server
Implementing Servers in Java
URL Connections
Reading and Posting data
Security and the Network
Java Beans

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

 Complete reference by Herbert Schildt TataMcGraw Hill
 Professional Java XML Programming with Servlets and JSPby Alexander Nakhimovsky and Tom
Myers published by Wrox Press Ltd.
 More Servlets and Java Server Pagesby Marty Hall published by Sun Microsystems Press, A Prentice
Hall Title.
 Special Edition – Using Java Server Pages and Servlets by Mark Wutkapublished by Que
 TERM PAPER
Course Code: BTE2631 Credit Units: 02

METHODOLOGY
A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular
subject.
The students will choose the topic at the beginning of the session in consultation with the faculty
assigned. The progress of the paper will be monitored regularly by the faculty. At the end of the semester
the detailed paper on the topic will be submitted to the faculty assigned. The evaluation will be done by
Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

GUIDELINES FOR TERM PAPER

The procedure for writing a term paper may consists of the following steps:
 Choosing a subject
 Finding sources of materials
 Collecting the notes
 Outlining the paper
 Writing the first draft
 Editing & preparing the final paper

1. Choosing a Subject
The subject chosen should not be too general.

2. Finding Sources of materials

j) The material sources should be not more than 10 years old unless the nature of the paper is such that
it involves examining older writings from a historical point of view.
k) Begin by making a list of subject-headings under which you might expect the subject to be listed.
l) The sources could be books and magazines articles, news stories, periodicals, scientific journals etc.

3. Collecting the notes

Skim through sources, locating the useful material, then make good notes of it, including quotes and
information for footnotes.
j) Get facts, not just opinions. Compare the facts with author's conclusion.
k) In research studies, notice the methods and procedures, results & conclusions.
l) Check cross references.

4. Outlining the paper

g) Review notes to find main sub-divisions of the subject.
h) Sort the collected material again under each main division to find sub-sections for outline so that it
begins to look more coherent and takes on a definite structure. If it does not, try going back and
sorting again for main divisions, to see if another general pattern is possible.

5. Writing the first draft

Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the first part of the paper what its
purpose is. You may follow the following:
a) statement of purpose
b) main body of the paper
c) statement of summary and conclusion
Avoid short, bumpy sentences and long straggling sentences with more than one main ideas.

6. Editing & Preparing the final Paper

s) Before writing a term paper, you should ensure you have a question which you attempt to answer in
your paper. This question should be kept in mind throughout the paper. Include only information/
details/ analyses of relevance to the question at hand. Sometimes, the relevance of a particular section
 may be clear to you but not to your readers. To avoid this, ensure you briefly explain the relevance of
every section.
t) Read the paper to ensure that the language is not awkward, and that it "flows" properly.
u) Check for proper spelling, phrasing and sentence construction.
v) Check for proper form on footnotes, quotes, and punctuation.
w) Check to see that quotations serve one of the following purposes:
(x) Show evidence of what an author has said.
(xi) Avoid misrepresentation through restatement.
(xii) Save unnecessary writing when ideas have been well expressed by the original author.
x) Check for proper form on tables and graphs. Be certain that any table or graph is self-explanatory.

Term papers should be composed of the following sections:

 Title page
 Table of contents
 Introduction
 Review
 Discussion&Conclusion
 References
 Appendix
Generally, the introduction, discussion, conclusion and bibliography part should account for a third of the
paper and the review part should be two thirds of the paper.

Discussion
The discussion section either follows the results or may alternatively be integrated in the results section.
The section should consist of a discussion of the results of the study focusing on the question posed in the
research paper.

Conclusion
The conclusion is often thought of as the easiest part of the paper but should by no means be disregarded.
There are a number of key components which should not be omitted. These include:
m) summary of question posed
n) summary of findings
o) summary of main limitations of the study at hand
p) details of possibilities for related future research

References
From the very beginning of a research project, you should be careful to note all details of articles
gathered.
The bibliography should contain ALL references included in the paper. References not included in the
text in any form should NOT be included in the bibliography.
The key to a good bibliography is consistency. Choose a particular convention and stick to this.

Bibliographical conventions
Monographs
Crystal, D. (2001), Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Volumes
Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures. Challenges to communication in a second
language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
[(eds.) is used when there is more than one editor; and (ed.) where there is only one editor. In German the
abbreviation used is (Hrsg.) for Herausgeber].

Edited Articles
Schmidt, R./Shimura, A./Wang, Z./Jeong, H. (1996), Suggestions to buy: Television commercials from
the U.S., Japan, China, and Korea. In: Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures.
Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter: 285-316.
Journal Articles
McQuarrie, E.F./Mick, D.G. (1992), On resonance: A critical pluralistic inquiry into advertising rhetoric.
Journal of consumer research 19, 180-197.

Electronic Book
Chandler, D. (1994), Semiotics for beginners [HTML document]. Retrieved [5.10.'01] from the World
Wide Web, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/.

Electronic Journal Articles

Watts, S. (2000) Teaching talk: Should students learn 'real German'? [HTML document]. German as a
Foreign Language Journal [online] 1. Retrieved [12.09.'00] from the World Wide Web, http://www.gfl-
journal.com/.

Other Websites
Verterhus, S.A. (n.y.), Anglicisms in German car advertising. The problem of gender assignment [HTML
document]. Retrieved [13.10.'01] from the World Wide Web, http://olaf.hiof.no/~sverrev/eng.html.

Unpublished Papers
Takahashi, S./DuFon, M.A. (1989), Cross-linguistic influence in indirectness: The case of English
directives performed by native Japanese speakers. Unpublished paper, Department of English as a Second
Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.

Unpublished Theses/ Dissertations

Möhl, S. (1996), Alltagssituationen im interkulturellen Vergleich: Realisierung von Kritik und Ablehnung
im Deutschen und Englischen. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Hamburg.
Walsh, R. (1995), Language development and the year abroad: A study of oral grammatical accuracy
amongst adult learners of German as a foreign language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University
College Dublin.

Appendix
The appendix should be used for data collected (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts,...) and for tables and
graphs not included in the main text due to their subsidiary nature or to space constraints in the main text.

Assessment Scheme:

Continuous Evaluation: 40%

(Based on abstract writing, interim draft, general approach,
research orientation, readings undertaken etc.)

Final Evaluation: 60%

(Based on the organization of the paper, objectives/
problem profile/ issue outlining, comprehensiveness of the
research, flow of the idea/ ideas, relevance of material used/
presented, outcomes vs. objectives, presentation/ viva etc.)
 PROJECT
Course Code: BTE2632 Credit Units: 02

Objectives:
The aim of the project is to provide the students with an opportunity to further their intellectual and
personal development in the chosen field by undertaking a significant practical unit of activity. The
project can be defined as a scholarly inquiry into a problem or issues, involving a systematic approach to
gathering and analysis of information / data, leading to production of a structured report.

Chapter Scheme and distribution of marks:

Chapter 1: Introduction – 10 marks
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework/ National/International Scenario – 25 marks
Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis & Findings -- 25 marks
Chapter 4: Conclusion & Recommendations -- 10 marks
Chapter 5: Bibliography -- 05 marks

Project Report Power Point Presentation & Viva

75 marks 25 marks

Components of a Project Report

The outcome of Project Work is the Project Report. A project report should have the following
components:

1) Cover Page: This should contain the title of the project proposal, to whom it is submitted, for which
degree, the name of the author, name of the supervisor, year of submission of the project work, name of
the University.

2) Acknowledgement: Various organizations and individuals who might have provided assistance /co-
operation during the process of carrying out the study.

3) Table of Content: Page-wise listing of the main contents in the report, i.e., different Chapters and its
main Sections along with their page numbers.

4) Body of the Report: The body of the report should have these four logical divisions
a) Introduction: This will cover the background, rationale/ need / justification, brief review of literature,
objectives, methodology (the area of the study, sample, type of study, tools for data collection, and
method of analysis), Limitations of the Study, and Chapter Planning.
b) Conceptual Framework / National and International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
c) Presentation of Data,Analysis and Findings:(using the tools and techniques mentioned in the
methodology).
d) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this section, the concluding observations based on the main
findings and suggestions are to be provided.

5) Bibliography or References: This section will include the list of books and articles which have been
used in the project work, and in writing a project report.

6) Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.

(The main text of the Project should normally be in the range of 5000 words. However, there may be
annexure in addition to the main text)

The Steps of a Project Report

Step I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into consideration:
 Suitability of the topic.
 Relevance of the topic
  Time available at the disposal.
 Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
 Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility
of getting responses, etc.)

Step II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation with the Supervisor.

Step III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the same.

Step IV : Writing the report dividing it into suitable chapters, viz.,

Chapter 1:Introduction,
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Step V : The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
2) Student‟s declaration (Annexure-IB)
3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student
undertakes the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.

Guidelines for Evaluation:

 Each of the students has to undertake a Project individually under the supervision of a teacher and
to submit the same following the guidelines stated below.
 Language of Project Report and Viva-Voce Examination may be English. The Project Report
must be typed and hard bound.
 Failure to submit the Project Report or failure to appear at the Viva-voce Examination will be
treated as “Absent” in the Examination. He /she has to submit the Project Report and appear at
the Viva-Voce Examination in the subsequent years (within the time period as per University
Rules).
 No marks will be allotted on the Project Report unless a candidate appears at the Viva-Voce
Examination. Similarly, no marks will be allotted on Viva-Voce Examination unless a candidate
submits his/her Project Report.
 Evaluation of the Project Work to be done jointly by one internal expert and one external expert
with equal weightage, i.e., average marks of the internal and external experts will be allotted to
the candidate.
 WORKSHOP / CERTIFICATION
Course Code: BTE2633 Credit Units: 02

Objectives
A workshop is primarily an activity based academic event that is organized to provide the students a one
to one and hands on experience on any aspect of their learning. The communication in a workshop has to
be necessarily two way. The trainer has to make sure that the aspect covered are practically practiced by
the participants. The student will choose the option of workshop from amongst their concentration
electives. The evaluation will be done by Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

Major Themes for Workshop

The workshop may be conducted on any of the following major themes:
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Marketing
Economics
Operations
Supply Chain Management
These themes are merely indicative and other recent and relevant topics of study may be included.

Guidelines for Workshop

The procedure for earning credits from workshop consists of the following steps:
Relevant study material and references will be provided by the trainer in advance.
The participants are expected to explore the topic in advance and take active part in the discussions held
Attending and Participating in all activities of the workshop
Group Activities have to be undertaken by students as guided by the trainer.
Evaluation of workshop activities would be done through test and quiz at the end of the workshop.
Submitting a write up of at least 500 words about the learning outcome from the workshop.

Methodology
The methodology followed at the workshop could be based on any one or more of the following methods:
Case Study
Business Game
Simulation
Group Activity
Role Play
Business Planning
Quiz

Evaluation Scheme:
Attendance Active Multiple Choice Solving the case/ Total
Participation Questions/ Quiz Assignment/
Write up
10 30 30 30 100
Syllabus – Seventh Semester
 IPR, BIOSAFETY & BIOETHICS
Course Code: BTE2702 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective
The aim of this course is to develop the understanding of relevance, business Impact and protection of
Intellectual Property along with the types of Intellectual Property Rights: Patents, Trademarks,
Copyrights, Industrial Designs, Geographical Indications and International Conventions, Biosafety and
Bioethics

Course Contents

Module I:Basic Principles and Acquisition of Intellectual Property Rights

Basic Principles of Patent Law, Patent Application procedure, Drafting of a Patent Specification,
Understanding Copyright Law, Basic Principles of Trade Mark and Design Rights, International
Background of Intellectual Property

Module II:Ownership and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights

Patents-Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Defences in case of Infringement. Copyright-Objectives,
Rights, Transfer of Copyright, work of employment Infringement, Defences for infringement.
Trademarks-Objectives, Rights, Protection of goodwill, Infringement, Passing off, Defences. Designs-
Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Infringements, Defences of Design Infringement, Enforcement of
Intellectual Property Rights - Civil Remedies, Criminal Remedies, Border Security measures, Practical
Aspects of Licensing - Benefits, Determinative factors, important clauses, licensing clauses.

Module III:Information Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights

Computer Software and Intellectual Property-Objective, Copyright Protection, Reproducing, Defences,
Patent Protection, Database and Data Protection-Objective, Need for Protection, UK Data Protection Act,
1998, US Safe Harbor Principle, Enforcement. Protection of Semi-conductor Chips-Objectives
Justification of protection, Criteria, Subject-matter of Protection, WIPO Treaty, Trips, SCPA. Domain
Name Protection-Objectives, domain name and Intellectual Property, Registration of domain names,
disputes under Intellectual Property Rights, Jurisdictional Issues, International Perspective.

Module IV: Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights

Biotechnology and the Law- Objective, Evolution, Basic Structure of Gene Techniques, Applications,
Commercial Potential of Biotech Inventions, Rationale for Intellectual Property Protection. Patenting
Biotechnology Inventions-Objective, Concept of Novelty, Concept of inventive step, Microorganisms,
Moral Issues in Patenting Biotechnological inventions. Plant Varieties Protection-Objectives,
Justification, International Position, Plant Varieties Protection in India Protection of Geographical
Indications Objectives, Justification, International Position, Multilateral Treaties, National Level, Indian
Position.

Module V
Protection of Traditional Knowledge- Objective, Concept of Traditional Knowledge, Holders, Issues
concerning, Bio-Prospecting and Bio-Piracy, Alternative ways, Protectability, need for a Sui-Generis
regime, Traditional Knowledge on the International Arena, at WTO, at National level, Traditional
Knowledge Digital Library.

Module VI
Biosafety and Bioethics Management-Key to environmentally responsible use of biotechnology.
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Ethical implications of Biotechnological products and techniques.
Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text
 Intellectual Property Rights by Birgitte Anderson, Edward Elgar Publishing
 Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries by Graham Dutfield, Ashgate Publishing

References
 WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook
 Intellectual Property by William Rodelph Cornish, David Clewelyn
 Globalising Intellectual Property Rights by Duncan Matthews
 Journals and Current magazines
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REPORT WRITING
Course Code: BTE2703 Credit Units: 02

Course Objective
To develop understanding of information and library science research issues in the domain of
bioinformatics through review of journal articles, invited talks, and critical group discussions of methods.
The main objectives for this course are to develop: familiarity with information and library science-
oriented problems in the biomedical sciences, an understanding of research methods in the biomedical
domain, critical thinking and evaluation skills and presentation and summarization skills.

Course Contents

Module I
Introduction: Science, Scientific Field and Biological research. Role of a researcher in different stages of
a project, Routes to research funding (academic and commercial)

Module II
Research – Definition – Importance and Meaning of research – Characteristics of research – Types of
Research – Steps in research – Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem – Research
questions – Research design – Formulation of Hypothesis – Review of Literature.

Module III: Sampling techniques

Sampling theory – types of sampling – Steps in sampling – Sampling and Non-sampling error – Sample
size – Advantages and limitations of sampling. Collection of Data: Primary Data – Meaning – Data
Collection methods – Secondary data – Meaning - Relevance‟s, Limitations and cautions. Statistics in
Research.

Module IV
Type of Articles (review, letters etc). Scientific paper format (Abstract, Introduction, Materials and
Methods, Results, Discussion). Writing, evaluating, presenting and publishing the results of scientific
research in the academic press (journals, conferences etc). Choosing the appropriate journal (Sources,
Information, Instructions to authors, peer review system, journal evaluation)

Module V
Case studies of areas of current research. Formulating a research plan and its presentation

Examination Scheme:

Components CT Attendance Assignment/ EE

Project/Seminar/Quiz
Weightage (%) 15 5 10 70

Text & References:

Text:
 Statistical Methods By S.P. Gupta

References:
 Research Methodology Methods and Techniques by C.R. Kothari
 Statistics(Theory and Practice) by B.N. Gupta
 Research Methodology Methods and statistical Techniques by Santosh Gupta
 Scientific journals and magazines
 GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS LAB
Course Code: BTE2704 Credit Units: 02

Course Contents:

Module I
Three dimensional Structures – In silico study – large molecular complexes RNA polymerase II,
ribosome, unstructured proteins

Module II
DNA sequencing methods

Module III
Gene finding tools and Genome annotation

Module IV
Comparison of two given genomes

Module V
Analysis of 2D – IEF data

Module VI
Microarray and Microarray data analysis

Module VII
Inference of protein function from structure

Module VIII
Inference of protein function and structure

Module IX
Two-hybrid methods

Examination Scheme:

IA EE
Class Test Mid Term Attendance Major Minor Practical Viva
(Practical Viva Experiment Experiment/Spotting Record
Based)
15 10 05 35 15 10 10
 SUMMER INTERNSHIP EVALUATION-II
Course Code: BTE2735 Credit Units: 03

GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT FILE

Research experience is as close to a professional problem-solving activity as anything in the curriculum.
It provides exposure to research methodology and an opportunity to work closely with a faculty guide. It
usually requires the use of advanced concepts, a variety of experimental techniques, and state-of-the-art
instrumentation.
Research is genuine exploration of the unknown that leads to new knowledge which often warrants
publication. But whether or not the results of a research project are publishable, the project should be
communicated in the form of a research report written by the student.
Sufficient time should be allowed for satisfactory completion of reports, taking into account that initial
drafts should be critiqued by the faculty guide and corrected by the student at each stage.
The File is the principal means by which the work carried out will be assessed and therefore great care
should be taken in its preparation.

Methodology
The students will be sent to various industries and institutes where they will undergo short term training.
After the completion of the training the students will be required to submit project report which shall then
be evaluated by two internal examiners. The students will then have to appear for a Viva Voce
examination to be conducted by an external evaluator at the end of the semester.

In general, the File should be comprehensive and include

 A short account of the activities that were undertaken as part of the project;
 A statement about the extent to which the project has achieved its stated goals.
 A statement about the outcomes of the evaluation and dissemination processes engaged in as part of
the project;
 Any activities planned but not yet completed as part of the project, or as a future initiative directly
resulting from the project;
 Any problems that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

Report Layout
The report should contain the following components:

 Title or Cover Page

The title page should contain the following information: Project Title; Student‟s Name; Course; Year;
Supervisor‟s Name.

 Acknowledgements (optional)
Acknowledgment to any advisory or financial assistance received in the course of work may be given.

 Abstract
A good"Abstract" should be straight to the point; not too descriptive but fully informative. First paragraph
should state what was accomplished with regard to the objectives. The abstract does not have to be an
entire summary of the project, but rather a concise summary of the scope and results of the project

 Table of Contents
Titles and subtitles are to correspond exactly with those in the text.

77
 Introduction
Here a brief introduction to the problem that is central to the project and an outline of the structure of the
rest of the report should be provided. The introduction should aim to catch the imagination of the reader,
so excessive details should be avoided.

 Materials and Methods

This section should aim at experimental designs, materials used. Methodology should be mentioned in
details including modifications if any.

 Results and Discussion

Present results, discuss and compare these with those from other workers, etc. In writing these section,
emphasis should be given on what has been performed and achieved in the course of the work, rather than
discuss in detail what is readily available in text books. Avoid abrupt changes in contents from section to
section and maintain a lucid flow throughout the thesis. An opening and closing paragraph in every
chapter could be included to aid in smooth flow.

Note that in writing the various secions, all figures and tables should as far as possible be next to the
associated text, in the same orientation as the main text, numbered, and given appropriate titles or
captions. All major equations should also be numbered and unless it is really necessary never write in
“point” form.

 Conclusion
A conclusion should be the final section in which the outcome of the work is mentioned briefly.

 Future prospects

 Appendices
The Appendix contains material which is of interest to the reader but not an integral part of the thesis and
any problem that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

 References / Bibliography
This should include papers and books referred to in the body of the report. These should be ordered
alphabetically on the author's surname. The titles of journals preferably should not be abbreviated; if they
are, abbreviations must comply with an internationally recognised system.

Examples
For research article
Voravuthikunchai SP, Lortheeranuwat A, Ninrprom T, Popaya W, Pongpaichit S, Supawita T. (2002)
Antibacterial activity of Thai medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7.
Clin Microbiol Infec, 8 (suppl 1): 116–117.

For book
Kowalski, M. (1976) Transduction of effectiveness in Rhizobium meliloti. SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION PLANTS (editor P.S. Nutman IBP), 7: 63-67

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT FILE

Essentially, marking will be based on the following criteria: the quality of the report, the technical merit
of the project and the project execution.
Technical merit attempts to assess the quality and depth of the intellectual efforts put into the project.
Project execution is concerned with assessing how much work has been put in.
The File should fulfill the following assessment objectives:

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Range of Research Methods used to obtain information

Execution of Research

Data Analysis
Analyse Quantitative/ Qualitative information
Control Quality

Draw Conclusions

Examination Scheme:

Project Report 50
Viva Voce 50

Total 100

TERM PAPER

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Course Code: BTE2731 Credit Units: 02

METHODOLOGY
A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular
subject.
The students will choose the topic at the beginning of the session in consultation with the faculty
assigned. The progress of the paper will be monitored regularly by the faculty. At the end of the semester
the detailed paper on the topic will be submitted to the faculty assigned. The evaluation will be done by
Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

GUIDELINES FOR TERM PAPER

The procedure for writing a term paper may consists of the following steps:
 Choosing a subject
 Finding sources of materials
 Collecting the notes
 Outlining the paper
 Writing the first draft
 Editing & preparing the final paper

1. Choosing a Subject
The subject chosen should not be too general.

2. Finding Sources of materials

m) The material sources should be not more than 10 years old unless the nature of the paper is such that
it involves examining older writings from a historical point of view.
n) Begin by making a list of subject-headings under which you might expect the subject to be listed.
o) The sources could be books and magazines articles, news stories, periodicals, scientific journals etc.

3. Collecting the notes

Skim through sources, locating the useful material, then make good notes of it, including quotes and
information for footnotes.
m) Get facts, not just opinions. Compare the facts with author's conclusion.
n) In research studies, notice the methods and procedures, results & conclusions.
o) Check cross references.

4. Outlining the paper

i) Review notes to find main sub-divisions of the subject.
j) Sort the collected material again under each main division to find sub-sections for outline so that it
begins to look more coherent and takes on a definite structure. If it does not, try going back and
sorting again for main divisions, to see if another general pattern is possible.

5. Writing the first draft

Write the paper around the outline, being sure that you indicate in the first part of the paper what its
purpose is. You may follow the following:
a) statement of purpose
b) main body of the paper
c) statement of summary and conclusion
Avoid short, bumpy sentences and long straggling sentences with more than one main ideas.

80
6. Editing & Preparing the final Paper
y) Before writing a term paper, you should ensure you have a question which you attempt to answer in
your paper. This question should be kept in mind throughout the paper. Include only information/
details/ analyses of relevance to the question at hand. Sometimes, the relevance of a particular section
may be clear to you but not to your readers. To avoid this, ensure you briefly explain the relevance of
every section.
z) Read the paper to ensure that the language is not awkward, and that it "flows" properly.
aa) Check for proper spelling, phrasing and sentence construction.
bb) Check for proper form on footnotes, quotes, and punctuation.
cc) Check to see that quotations serve one of the following purposes:
(xiii) Show evidence of what an author has said.
(xiv) Avoid misrepresentation through restatement.
(xv) Save unnecessary writing when ideas have been well expressed by the original author.
dd) Check for proper form on tables and graphs. Be certain that any table or graph is self-explanatory.

Term papers should be composed of the following sections:

 Title page
 Table of contents
 Introduction
 Review
 Discussion&Conclusion
 References
 Appendix
Generally, the introduction, discussion, conclusion and bibliography part should account for a third of the
paper and the review part should be two thirds of the paper.

Discussion
The discussion section either follows the results or may alternatively be integrated in the results section.
The section should consist of a discussion of the results of the study focusing on the question posed in the
research paper.

Conclusion
The conclusion is often thought of as the easiest part of the paper but should by no means be disregarded.
There are a number of key components which should not be omitted. These include:
q) summary of question posed
r) summary of findings
s) summary of main limitations of the study at hand
t) details of possibilities for related future research

References
From the very beginning of a research project, you should be careful to note all details of articles
gathered.
The bibliography should contain ALL references included in the paper. References not included in the
text in any form should NOT be included in the bibliography.
The key to a good bibliography is consistency. Choose a particular convention and stick to this.

81
Bibliographical conventions
Monographs
Crystal, D. (2001), Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Volumes
Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures. Challenges to communication in a second
language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
[(eds.) is used when there is more than one editor; and (ed.) where there is only one editor. In German the
abbreviation used is (Hrsg.) for Herausgeber].

Edited Articles
Schmidt, R./Shimura, A./Wang, Z./Jeong, H. (1996), Suggestions to buy: Television commercials from
the U.S., Japan, China, and Korea. In: Gass, S./Neu, J. (eds.) (1996), Speech acts across cultures.
Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter: 285-316.

Journal Articles
McQuarrie, E.F./Mick, D.G. (1992), On resonance: A critical pluralistic inquiry into advertising rhetoric.
Journal of consumer research 19, 180-197.

Electronic Book
Chandler, D. (1994), Semiotics for beginners [HTML document]. Retrieved [5.10.'01] from the World
Wide Web, http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/.

Electronic Journal Articles

Watts, S. (2000) Teaching talk: Should students learn 'real German'? [HTML document]. German as a
Foreign Language Journal [online] 1. Retrieved [12.09.'00] from the World Wide Web, http://www.gfl-
journal.com/.

Other Websites
Verterhus, S.A. (n.y.), Anglicisms in German car advertising. The problem of gender assignment [HTML
document]. Retrieved [13.10.'01] from the World Wide Web, http://olaf.hiof.no/~sverrev/eng.html.

Unpublished Papers
Takahashi, S./DuFon, M.A. (1989), Cross-linguistic influence in indirectness: The case of English
directives performed by native Japanese speakers. Unpublished paper, Department of English as a Second
Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu.

Unpublished Theses/ Dissertations

Möhl, S. (1996), Alltagssituationen im interkulturellen Vergleich: Realisierung von Kritik und Ablehnung
im Deutschen und Englischen. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Hamburg.
Walsh, R. (1995), Language development and the year abroad: A study of oral grammatical accuracy
amongst adult learners of German as a foreign language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University
College Dublin.

Appendix
The appendix should be used for data collected (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts,...) and for tables and
graphs not included in the main text due to their subsidiary nature or to space constraints in the main text.

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Assessment Scheme:

Continuous Evaluation: 40%

(Based on abstract writing, interim draft, general approach,
research orientation, readings undertaken etc.)

Final Evaluation: 60%

(Based on the organization of the paper, objectives/
problem profile/ issue outlining, comprehensiveness of the
research, flow of the idea/ ideas, relevance of material used/
presented, outcomes vs. objectives, presentation/ viva etc.)

83
 PROJECT
Course Code: BTE2732 Credit Units: 02

Objectives:
The aim of the project is to provide the students with an opportunity to further their intellectual and
personal development in the chosen field by undertaking a significant practical unit of activity. The
project can be defined as a scholarly inquiry into a problem or issues, involving a systematic approach to
gathering and analysis of information / data, leading to production of a structured report.

Chapter Scheme and distribution of marks:

Chapter 1: Introduction – 10 marks
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework/ National/International Scenario – 25 marks
Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis & Findings -- 25 marks
Chapter 4: Conclusion & Recommendations -- 10 marks
Chapter 5: Bibliography -- 05 marks

Project Report Power Point Presentation & Viva

75 marks 25 marks

Components of a Project Report

The outcome of Project Work is the Project Report. A project report should have the following
components:

1) Cover Page: This should contain the title of the project proposal, to whom it is submitted, for which
degree, the name of the author, name of the supervisor, year of submission of the project work, name of
the University.

2) Acknowledgement: Various organizations and individuals who might have provided assistance /co-
operation during the process of carrying out the study.

3) Table of Content: Page-wise listing of the main contents in the report, i.e., different Chapters and its
main Sections along with their page numbers.

4) Body of the Report: The body of the report should have these four logical divisions
a) Introduction: This will cover the background, rationale/ need / justification, brief review of literature,
objectives, methodology (the area of the study, sample, type of study, tools for data collection, and
method of analysis), Limitations of the Study, and Chapter Planning.
b) Conceptual Framework / National and International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
c) Presentation of Data,Analysis and Findings:(using the tools and techniques mentioned in the
methodology).
d) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this section, the concluding observations based on the main
findings and suggestions are to be provided.

5) Bibliography or References: This section will include the list of books and articles which have been
used in the project work, and in writing a project report.

6) Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.

(The main text of the Project should normally be in the range of 5000 words. However, there may be
annexure in addition to the main text)

84
The Steps of a Project Report

Step I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into consideration:
 Suitability of the topic.
 Relevance of the topic
 Time available at the disposal.
 Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
 Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility
of getting responses, etc.)

Step II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation with the Supervisor.

Step III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the same.

Step IV: Writing the report dividing it into suitable chapters, viz.,
Chapter 1: Introduction,
Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
Chapter 3: Analysis & Findings
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations.

Step V: The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
2) Student‟s declaration (Annexure-IB)
3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student
undertakes the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.

Guidelines for Evaluation:

 Each of the students has to undertake a Project individually under the supervision of a teacher and
to submit the same following the guidelines stated below.
 Language of Project Report and Viva-Voce Examination may be English. The Project Report
must be typed and hard bound.
 Failure to submit the Project Report or failure to appear at the Viva-voce Examination will be
treated as “Absent” in the Examination. He /she has to submit the Project Report and appear at
the Viva-Voce Examination in the subsequent years (within the time period as per University
Rules).
 No marks will be allotted on the Project Report unless a candidate appears at the Viva-Voce
Examination. Similarly, no marks will be allotted on Viva-Voce Examination unless a candidate
submits his/her Project Report.
 Evaluation of the Project Work to be done jointly by one internal expert and one external expert
with equal weightage, i.e., average marks of the internal and external experts will be allotted to
the candidate.

85
 WORKSHOP / CERTIFICATION
Course Code: BTE2733 Credit Units: 02

Objectives
A workshop is primarily an activity based academic event that is organized to provide the students a one
to one and hands on experience on any aspect of their learning. The communication in a workshop has to
be necessarily two way. The trainer has to make sure that the aspect covered are practically practiced by
the participants. The student will choose the option of workshop from amongst their concentration
electives. The evaluation will be done by Board of examiners comprising of the faculties.

Major Themes for Workshop

The workshop may be conducted on any of the following major themes:
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Marketing
Economics
Operations
Supply Chain Management
These themes are merely indicative and other recent and relevant topics of study may be included.

Guidelines for Workshop

The procedure for earning credits from workshop consists of the following steps:
Relevant study material and references will be provided by the trainer in advance.
The participants are expected to explore the topic in advance and take active part in the discussions held
Attending and Participating in all activities of the workshop
Group Activities have to be undertaken by students as guided by the trainer.
Evaluation of workshop activities would be done through test and quiz at the end of the workshop.
Submitting a write up of at least 500 words about the learning outcome from the workshop.

Methodology
The methodology followed at the workshop could be based on any one or more of the following methods:
Case Study
Business Game
Simulation
Group Activity
Role Play
Business Planning
Quiz

Evaluation Scheme:
Attendance Active Multiple Choice Solving the case/ Total
Participation Questions/ Quiz Assignment/
Write up
10 30 30 30 100

86
 Syllabus – Eighth Semester
PROJECT/ DISSERTATION
Course Code: BTE2837 Credit Units: 17

Course Objective:
The students are expected to utilize their scheduled periods by undertaking the project that would be
completed during the semester

Every student shall undertake a major Project. The major Project shall be undertaken in some
biotechnology industry or laboratory of repute. Each student shall be assigned to a faculty who shall
continuously monitor the progress of the Project in the concerned laboratory or industry. The faculty, in
consultation with the concerned scientist of the industry/laboratory, shall decide the topic of the project.
At the conclusion of the project the student shall submit a seminar and a dissertation. The dissertation
shall be evaluated by the internal faculty/examiner. The student then shall have to appear for the viva
voce examination.

GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT FILE

Research experience is as close to a professional problem-solving activity as anything in the curriculum.
It provides exposure to research methodology and an opportunity to work closely with a faculty guide. It
usually requires the use of advanced concepts, a variety of experimental techniques, and state-of-the-art
instrumentation.

Research is genuine exploration of the unknown that leads to new knowledge which often warrants
publication. But whether or not the results of a research project are publishable, the project should be
communicated in the form of a research report written by the student.

Sufficient time should be allowed for satisfactory completion of reports, taking into account that initial
drafts should be critiqued by the faculty guide and corrected by the student at each stage.

The File is the principal means by which the work carried out will be assessed and therefore great care
should be taken in its preparation.

In general, the File should be comprehensive and include

 A short account of the activities that were undertaken as part of the project;
 A statement about the extent to which the project has achieved its stated goals.
 A statement about the outcomes of the evaluation and dissemination processes engaged in as part of
the project;
 Any activities planned but not yet completed as part of the project, or as a future initiative directly
resulting from the project;
 Any problems that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

Report Layout
The report should contain the following components:

 Title or Cover Page

The title page should contain the following information: Project Title; Student‟s Name; Course; Year;
Supervisor‟s Name.

87
 Acknowledgements (optional)
Acknowledgment to any advisory or financial assistance received in the course of work may be given.

 Abstract
A good"Abstract" should be straight to the point; not too descriptive but fully informative. First paragraph
should state what was accomplished with regard to the objectives. The abstract does not have to be an
entire summary of the project, but rather a concise summary of the scope and results of the project

 Table of Contents
Titles and subtitles are to correspond exactly with those in the text.

 Introduction
Here a brief introduction to the problem that is central to the project and an outline of the structure of the
rest of the report should be provided. The introduction should aim to catch the imagination of the reader,
so excessive details should be avoided.

 Materials and Methods

This section should aim at experimental designs, materials used. Methodology should be mentioned in
details including modifications if any.

 Results and Discussion

Present results, discuss and compare these with those from other workers, etc. In writing these section,
emphasis should be given on what has been performed and achieved in the course of the work, rather than
discuss in detail what is readily available in text books. Avoid abrupt changes in contents from section to
section and maintain a lucid flow throughout the thesis. An opening and closing paragraph in every
chapter could be included to aid in smooth flow.

 Note that in writing the various secions, all figures and tables should as far as possible be next to the
associated text, in the same orientation as the main text, numbered, and given appropriate titles or
captions. All major equations should also be numbered and unless it is really necessary never write in
“point” form.

 Conclusion
A conclusion should be the final section in which the outcome of the work is mentioned briefly.

 Future prospects

 Appendices
The Appendix contains material which is of interest to the reader but not an integral part of the thesis and
any problem that have arisen that may be useful to document for future reference.

 References / Bibliography
This should include papers and books referred to in the body of the report. These should be ordered
alphabetically on the author's surname. The titles of journals preferably should not be abbreviated; if they
are, abbreviations must comply with an internationally recognised system.

88
Examples

For research article

Voravuthikunchai SP, Lortheeranuwat A, Ninrprom T, Popaya W, Pongpaichit S, Supawita T. (2002)
Antibacterial activity of Thai medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 8(suppl 1): 116–117.
For book
Kowalski, M.(1976) Transduction of effectiveness in Rhizobium meliloti. SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION PLANTS (editor P.S. Nutman IBP), 7: 63-67

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT FILE

Essentially, marking will be based on the following criteria: the quality of the report, the technical merit
of the project and the project execution.
Technical merit attempts to assess the quality and depth of the intellectual efforts put into the project.
Project execution is concerned with assessing how much work has been put in.
The File should fulfill the following assessment objectives:

Range of Research Methods used to obtain information

Execution of Research

Data Analysis
Analyse Quantitative/ Qualitative information
Control Quality

Draw Conclusions

Examination Scheme:
Dissertation: 100
Viva Voce: 100

Total: 200

89