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INTRODUCTION TO
INTERNET AND WEB

'networks'. CHAPTER CHECK

'interconnection' and connected
The n Internet is derived from the words Computers, which are worldwide World Wide Web
A network is a collection of two or more a
The Internet iscomposed of a Web Address or U
together to share information and resources. is
of networks, it
system of computer networks, i.e. network networks. Through
Internet, Web Server
large number of smaller interconnected
people
information with each other and Web Hosting
computers become able to exchange
comnmunicate with each other easily. Website
from all over the world can Protocol/Internet Protocol)
(Transmission Control of Web Page
Internet uses the TCP/IPworld wide. So. TCP/IP can be called as backbone
to serve billions of users Web Browser
Internet.
information of resources and services such as Electronic Ma
of
TheInternet is a huge ocean
documents of World Wide Web (WWW), online online Chat
interlinked hypertext
online banking, file transfer and sharing, online gathering, Voice over In
chatting,
education and so on. (VolP)
Add-Ons
History of Internet University ofUah
California at Los Angeles and the Plug-Ins
In 1969, the University of beginning of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Cookies
were connected with the 56 kbit/s circuits, which is sponsored by
Projects Agency NETwork) using
Department of Defense (DoD). The goalof this project was
US (United States) different Universities and US defense.
toconnect computers at
federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF)
In mid 80's another network called NSFnet (National Science
created a new high capacity more capable than ARPANET. The only
Foundation Network), which was academic research on its network
NSFnet was that it allowed only
drawback of
private business on it.
and not any kind of
 ntouction to Intemct and Web
37
Then. sveral private
rking to buld ttheit otganisations and ppcople saftcd
private Uses of Internet
own networks, named
which were later (in 1990's)
ANETand NSFnct to formthe connctcd with Intcrnct has been the mot usctul
modern time, which helps us not onlytechnology
of the
Internet.
all bame popular in 1990'% after The Intcrnct in our daily Ives,
Norld Wide \Web (Www). the development of but also in personal and profesional lives
devclopments.
vorking of lnternet Thus, somc uscs
"
of Internct arc as follows
The computers on the lnternet aroe connected to cach other FCommercc (auction, buying and selling products
ctc.)
hrough small networks. These networks are
Arough the gateways to the Internet backbone. connected Rescarch (onlinc journals, magazines, information etc.)
Computers on the Internet, Education (E-lcarning, distance learning etc.)
another using TCP/IP. which is communicate with onc
a basic protocol of the " E-Governance (online filling of application, Income
|Internet. TCP/IP manages che transmission Tax, Sales Tax etc.)
of
/ile/document on the Internet by breaking the E-Reservation (online reservation, online ticket
/ile/document
or datagrams.
into small pieces or parts called
packets booking ctc.)
" Online Payments (credit and debit card payments etc.)
Ech packet contains actual data and address part, i.c. Video Conferencing
addresses of destination and source upto 1500 Exchange of Views (files, music, folders etc.)
Eunctioning of TCP and IP are as follows characters.
Social Nerworking Sites (facebook, twitter etc.)
) TCP It breaks message into

HEWebCKL(WIS1WwT
or URL
transmitted over the Internetsmaller
these smaller packets into the
packets that are
and also reassembles
are received from the Internet. original message that
) IP It handles the address part of each
packet, so that
" Entertainment (play music, videos, games etc.)

Check Point 01
1. Write the full form of TCP/IP.
che data is sent to the correct 2. What is datagram?
address.
on the network checks this address to see Each gateway 3. What is the use ofInternet in E-commerce?
where the 4. Which two networks were used to form Internet?
message is to be forwarded. 5. How many characters are there in address of destination?
Advantages of Internet WORLD WIDE WEB (WWWW)
Greater access to information reduces research time.
WwW was introduced on 13th March, 1989 by Tim
Allows you to casily communicate with other people. Berners Lee. It is often abbreviated as the webor WWW or
. Global reach enables one to connect
Internet.
everyone on the W3. WWW is a wide area network of Internet that
supports different web protocols.
et Protoc . Publishing documents on the Internet saves paper.
Avaluable resource for companies to advertise and
World Wide Web is a common example of information
protocol/service that can be used to send and receive
conduct business. information over the Internet (berween clients and servers).
Disadvantages of Internet Itsupports various types of application such as
(i) Multimedia It includes different types of texts,
" Cyber frauds may take place involving credit/debit card
numbers and details. movies, music, pictures, graphics, sounds,
Unsuitable and undesirable material is available that animations, etc.
sometimes can be used by notorious people such as (i) HyperText It includes the links of different types of
terrorists. information resources.
" It is a major source of computer viruses. (üi) Graphical User Interface (GUI) It is a type of
interface that allows users to interact with the web
Messages sent across the Internet can be easily
intercepted and are open to abuse by others. through graphical icons, buttons, labels,etc. At the
time of using GUI, the user does not need to type
" It is difficult to check the accuracy of information any text command.
available on the Internet.
 INHORMATICS
1Allinone| PRACTICIS
B8 ADDRESS OR
WEB
URI.
Uniform Resource locator
| t d I de l chbhast on hent/sCINCI ofiwase des of for for a URL
A encet wfware deign ypes URL Mands synonym
HTTPHTTP,
adress is a protocols. Each wcbsite
sofrw are to wMk n ommuniCation cnvironmcnt
whh is
tChent Sofwarr l is a vpe of sofwarc. w Some
address called URL.. cg the website of Miromfha has
sd h a dicnt (ot user) to requcst http: //www.,micros1
URL as sounding Out cach
intormaton fron wch serveL.
cg Weh browscrs.
is uscd
adlress or
quarters,
pronouncedby
tusually pronounced'Earl' let er b
Server Software lt is a type ofsofrwarc, whuh offdocuments and
by the NCvet to answer the requcsts and provide
the
the globaladdress other te
rquired ntomation. URL is Wide Web.
the World
Thefirst part ofthe URL is calledla protocolidentufi
on
cg. Micosoft. Oracde, ctc.
It is possible to use vour local computer as a serve indicates what protocolis to be used. The sccond
but usually vou want to have a fixcd server. which callcd resource name and it specifies the IP addres
runs 24 x 7 hours. So, morc advanced and largc located
server instcad of
local the resource is
Systems arc used as a
domain name, where
identifierandthe resourCe
Theprotocol twoforward slashes. Thename are ser
omputers.

WWW Attributes by a colonandwide web is build on a set of rules Internet

WW provides various attributes, which are as follows the worldTransfer Protocol (HTTP) and a
ofHyperText
() User-friendly TheWWW resource works smoothly HyperText Markup Lany
with most Web browsers, such as Internet Explorer, description language called
Firefox etc. (HTML).
(i) Multimedia documents WWW allows users to HTTP uses Internet address in a special format ca
Crcate and display Web pages that contain various The most general form of a URL syntax is as fol
graphics, audio, video, animation and text. URL.
protocol://domain na me/<director
(i) Interactive WWW provides interactivity using path>/<object name>
hyperlinks and input boxes (i.e. textboxes and
checkboxes). Elements of URL
(iv) Frames WWW supports frames that allow users to
display more than one independent section on a The element of this syntax are as follows
single Web page. Part Description

Differences between Internet and www Protocol It represents the name of the protocol. wt
Internet wwW is used to transfer the data/web page
It is a giobal network of It is a way of accessing Domain name It represents the name of web ser.er whe
networks information over the medium of the web page reside. It consists o' tnree
the Internet. elements as
It connects millions of It is information sharing model host name.domain name doman 0e
cormputers together giobally that is built on the top of
forming a network in which any Internet Directory path Itrepresents the location of the weo cag
Coriputer can Communicate the web server or represernts the cai
witri any other computer server.

Intorrnaton that transrnit over The web uses HTTP protocol to

transrnit data
Object name Itrepresents the name of the fle ts
the Internet does via a variety
extension to specify the file type
of languages known as
protocols
It does not utilize web I Is alsOutilizes browserS Such C.g. ttp://www. pCwebopedia.com/en/s
browsers I1 is the structure on as internet explorer or firetox to
which WWis based access web documents called nttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/us/h
web pages that are linked via
hiyperlink
The first example specifies an executable file that s
This is the base and It depends on Internet to wOrk
tetched using the FTP protocol and the second
independent of the world wide specifies aweb page that should be fetched using th
web protocol.
 CES Clas
troductionto
Internet and Web
these UURL COnsists 139
Thenat term e Protocol:fp oor http
Host name: www
of

has Uses Domain name: pCwebopedia Services Provided by aServer

sott has uniag Domain Vpe: com Therc arc different services provided by aserver as follows
-com.bur inURIsonve ile path: enor us () Centralised file storage The storage
directly determined by the disk space thatcapacity S
is essential
Fde namne with extension: to store databases, files and other media. Servers help
Aer resouto sof
ipes URL
stuff.exe or index.html the uscrs to save their files or data on file server and
access these data on any networked computer.
are mainly two types of URL as (ii) Resource Sharing In network, prínters and scanners
iTndressfier pancantdhe Absolute URL
typeof URL, which
follows can be attached directly and only authorized users
are able to use these shared equipments (like printerS
and scanners). Web server helps for resource sharing
isthe
provide the location ofuses the
i to the completei.e. web path of a request.
actual domain name. resource, they provide (iii) Centralised Backup A website needs backup at

sesStepruarcalledcauterde "http:/www.
RelativeURL
t ische type of URL
.oracle.sun.Com/en/index. htm] "
regular intervals of its files and the databases. Web
server helps to maintain backup and save your data
from many adverse situations.
that defines the path of There are various types of web server, which are available
p2ge
acalnguleadge domain, without
RLs are more
including the domain name. an URL on a
convenient because they are short in Relative
more portablein website
maintenance. length,
for different platforms, Some of the common web
are described below:
servers

&. we specified only Apache Web Server

l.ows ./images/house.png"
This server was specially developed for the UNIX platform
but is presently available also for the Windows and other
plattorms. It is an open source and free-distributed
Check Point 02 software, available from Apache software foundation.
Give the example of WWW
2 Write the full form ofGUI.
Microsoft Internet Information
¿ What are frames as WWW attribute? Server (Microsoft IIS)
4 Give an example of URI, It is a protocol server. It is implemented as a set of several
5 Name the types ofURL. systems such as HTTP, FTP, NTTP. The Microsoft IIS
built into the Microsoft Windows NT Server operating
WEB SER VER system. It is capable for only running on Windows
platform.
Aweb server is a program that runs on a computer
onnected to the Internet. It is simplya computer with an Netscape Enterprise Web Server
Internet connection that runs software designed to send out It is a web server developed by Netscape communications
HTML, DHTML, XML or Java based pages and other file corporation. The product was renamed Sun Java system
formats such as multimedia files. Web server can refer to web server, reflecting the product acquisition by Sun
ither the hardware or software, that helps to deliver web Microsystem. It is used to run the web page and give the
content that can be accessed through the Internet. response to client.
The primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages
on the request of client using the HTTP. This means WEBHOSTING
delivery of HTML documents and any additional content Aweb hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service
that may be included in a document such as images, that allows individuals and organisations to make their
stylesheets and scripts. website accessible via the World Wide Web.
 trodutionto
|AMinone INKORMATICS PRACTICES

pifference
140 Websit
WEBPAGEclectronic document ofrela
is an inforrnationin teextual
Aw h à the hasnces of puvding erver spacc. web or
sVNN And le masntrnahe tor wehettes controlld by Web pagedisplays toanother wch
par
HTML t page
fromone web web page can be
of
rvntsa t Dmyanic% that do not have their own web Traversalhyperlinks. twot
NerveR Many IS, uh as America (Online will allow A
Nsetn mall amount of scrver space to host a through
ersonal weh page Other commercial ISPs willcharge the StatieVeb Page kind of
displays samestatic
Net a fr deending on the complexity of the ite being page which known as a web pa eosite
addre
hostn A web visits, is .html as extensior
whenever a user .hemn or
Wb hosting can be of tour types as follows generally has schoo! or company ebsite
Frec Hosting web pag contains into
Virtual or Shared Hosting A pagethat page will not.change every day
C-g of this
" Dedkcatd Hosting The content is manually edited by a prograrnrmer
" Co-location Hosting HTML file Uisualy.taks
maintains it. paredtc
Comp
WEBSITE DynamicWeb Page web page. A
e gAtazD
a dynamic
web page is languages
A group of related web pages that follow the same theme An interactive to display
and are connected together with hyperlinks is called a uses scripting
web page Such a page generally
website. In other terms, "A website is a collection of digital web page.
content on theextension.
documents, primarily HTML files, that are linked together
Check
and that exist on the web under the same domain". .asp or jsp as your Yahoo e-mail account o
When you login toMoreover, the list of e-mail 1.What
A website displays related information on a specific topic. e-g. e-mails. 2Name
and to send or as the list is
deleted or is
Each website is accessed by its own address known as URL changes as it arrives
R What
(Uniform Resource Locator). another folder. LGive
Dynamic Web Pae. sGive
C.g. ht tp://www.Carwa le.com is a website, while Differences between Static and
htto:/iwww.carwale.com/new/ is a web page. Dynamic Web Page
Static Web Page
In dynamiC web pages
WE
Components of Website In static web pages,
pages will
of pages are differer.
remain same until someone wcb
Av
There are various components of website as follows changes it manually.
different visitorS
sofrw
(i) Navigation It hclps users in casily navigating the Static web pages are simple in
Dynamic web pages are trave
complete site and it also helps the search engine to terms of complexity. complicated
Web
get an idea of the structure of the website. In dynamic web cages
In static web pages, information tO
(iü) Web hosting Every website has a set of files and are change rarely. information are change
folder in the backend which makes the site possible frequenty. Alh
to be accessible by everyone in the world and chose Static web page takes less time Dynamic web page 1a-es Wo
files have to be stored somewhere for that web for loading than dynamic web time for loading int
hostings are used. page.
(i) Content Blogs will require different content than In static web pages, database In dynamic web pages
is not used. database is used
service or business websites but content will be
necded for every website. Static web pages are written in Dynamic web pages are w
languages such as HTML. in languages such as C
(iv) Home page The first or main page of a website is JavaScript, CSS etc. AJAX, ASP, ASP NE
called home page. Static web pages do not Dynamic web pages
(v) Address This is the URL or address of a website. contain any appication application program i
program.
(iv) Web portal It is specially designed website that often Static web pages require less
diferent services

serves as the single point of access for information. work andcost in designing
Dynamic web pages rec
Comparatively more wo'* 2
It also has hyperlinks ro many other websites. them.
Cost in design1ng them
 duction to lnternet and wa.
pifferences
between Website and 141
sigegnedis possibleusing Website
Web Page
aptypes:hical form agroup of related web

Used to display
comprises
pages inks
Web
atressed to a typical It is a part of
Page
website
to whichn
otther web
Web BrowserToolbar
nmajor part of the user interface for a browscr is the
nis appears at the top of the browser toolbar.
It is a
viewing pane and it can perform window, above the
Content that is to be a number of critical
extension used in displayed on a functions.
ntormation web page website
is no
URL of a website
The Major functions of browser toolbar are as
age.
Dn.
AStatig ste address doesn't rely extension. URLhas an () Back This takes
followS
you one step back in your history. to
web page address. Web page address The page you were on before the current
on website address depends page.

formation.
-unless re
mer Who
A
website must have unique
Multiple
website web
can pages in a
documents)
have name (If
resides in different
(1) Forward It allows you to move

burton.
forward through your
history, to where you were before you used the Back
(ui) Address Bar This is a text box that displays the
URL ot
sualy,take more time as the current page.
YmOaredto a web page. Requires less time to
as it is a part
of a develop (iv) Stop This will be found either just inside the
address
Amazon, Flipkart etc. website bar or just next to it. It only appears when the page is

cdvnami
hangin c
e9 e.g. Contact pages, currently in the process of loading. If you click it, the
has .php. registration, login etc page will stop loading.
(v) Refresh The Refresh or Reload button looks like a

to check Check Point o3 circular arrow. This button repeats the request that lea
to the current page, which usually cause the same
form of IIS? page
#hat is the full to load into the browser again.
messages
noved to 'Name thethetype of webhosting.
What is role offaddress in
4Give an example of static web website?
page.
(vi) Bookmark This allows you to bookmark the URL,
saving it to you browser.
Bes example of website and web page.
s Give an
Popular Web Browsers
Some popular web browsers are given below
ontent WEB BROWSER
Mozilla Firefox
eh browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a It has been developed by a company called Mozilla
sofrware aPplication for retrieving, Corporation. It is a free and open source web
presenting
raversing information resources on the World Wide
and
browser. It was initialy released in September 2002.
eb. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily ltwas earlier named Phoenix, Firebird and eventually Firefox.
mnavigate their browsers to related resources. It can be downloaded from www.mozilla.org.

Although, browsers are primarily intended to use the Google Chrome

ore Iorld Wide Web, they can also be used to access This web browser was developed by Google. Its
information provided by web servers in private networks beta and commercial versions were released in
or fles in file systems. The major web browsers are September 2008 for Microsoft Windows. Google
Chrome is the fastest and most secure web browser
Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and for Windows. It supports various extensions to enhance its
Safari. functionalities according to user preference. It can be
Ten
Browsers are of two types downloaded from www.google.com website.
() Text-Based Web Browsers are the web browsers Safari
that support text only, i.e. these browsers do not It is a web browser developed by Apple
support graphics. e.g. Lynx. incorporation and compatible with Mac OSX,
(ü) Graphical-Based Web Browsers provide Microsoft Windows, and iPhone OS. It was first
Graphical User Interface (GUI) where the user released as a public beta in January 2003. Safari
another by provides good support for latest technologies like
can jump from one web page to XHTML, CSS2, etc. can downloaded
be from
on a web page. c.g.
clicking on the hyperlink www.apple.com website.
Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
 ntroductionto Inte
INFORMATICS PRACTICES
Alinone| Advantagesof
|
142 in the E-mailsare easy
on Safari
whichi correspondence.
(M)Safari
corner, click
option,
upperleft
Preferences window you can
savethem o
Internet Explorer Intheon the this E-mails
and arefast.
Internet Explorer (IE) i a product of Microsoft click window. In world.Noothe
Corporation USA This is the most commonly preferences
E-ma
usvd browser in che universe. l is based on first settings.
the Fstasan
Thelanguage
corncr, click on
web browser sofrware Mosaic This was
devekopt in 1994 and rclcased in 1995. lt can be casily
downhaded trom www.microsoft.com website.
(iv) Opera
upper left
In the opera(O) icon
and from the Custotir,
menu har Whenyou rep
messageso th
Control
the Settings option. can change the whatyouare
Opera click on you hundredsofF
It is a web browSer which is available in market opened settings page, AutofI, cookies etc
Inan privacy
settings, Itispossible
due to its fast, safe and secure browsing. It was
initial released in April 1995. It is available for settings like text.Insuch
Ks and various mobile platforms as opera mini. It can be CheckPoint 04 you are o n
downloaded from www.opera.com. responders.
form ofGUI?
Lynx 1. Whatis thefullofweb browsers.developed?
It is one of the oldest web browser 2. Namethe type web browser browse? Disadvan
developed in 1992. It is a text based web 3. Wherewas safari stopbutton in web . E-mails m
What is the use of
browsing sofware which has been 4. setting in opera.
developed in Kansas University of USA.
LYNX 5. Define browser harm you
ELECTRONIC MAIL E-mailad
It is basically used for Unix operating system. It does not
support multimedia files so you cannot see any graphics or people ar
other media files. commonly referred to as E-mail.
Electronic mail most digital messages from sender Many pe
are calle
Netscape Navigator method of exchangingModern E-mail operates
Netscape was introduced in 1994. It has been recipients.
or more other computer networks.
actoss the the un
developed by Netscape Communication Internet or import
Corporation of USA. This program is available systems required that the sender and the
Some carly E-mailonline
E-mails
at the same time, in common with
in many versions for various platforms such as recipient both be docum
Windows, Linux, Unix, Macintosh etc. It can be instant messaging- Today's
Store-and-Forward
E-mail systems are based
Model. E-mail servers accept, forv
them.
downloaded from its oficial website: rward Your
http://browser.netscape.com. deliver and store messages. certair
Neither the users nor their computers are required to be
Browser Setting online simultaneously. They need to connect only briefy Differ
Every Internet browser has settings, you can change, to send
typically toan E-mail server, for as long as it takesservere
E-mail Cc (Cart
including privacy and security, search engine, appearance, receive messages. Interactions between number
default browser, autofill and more.
clients are governed by E-mail protocols. separate
To get instructions for changing the setting in your Internet
browser, choose your browser from the list below E-mail Addressing Bcc (B
(i) Mozilla Firefox An E-mail address is composed of two separate parts does no
In the upper right corner, click the openmenu (=) icon and Your personal identity or account name (user nanme) on
cdick on Options in the menu. The options window will be that mail server. Elec
open. In this window, you can change the setting according " The domain name of the mail server computer on whih Some
to your requirement. you have an E-mail account.
An
(i) P
(iü) Google Chrome E-mail address generally of the form POP
userna me@domainname
In the upper right corner, click on customize and control used
Google Chrome () icon and then click on the Settings Some examples of E-mail address are: serv

option in the menu. (i) arihant@gma il.com (ii) webmaster@y ahco.com Pro
In E-mail Address, symbol @ is used as a for
n an opened page, you change the settings according to separatot. wh
our requirements. Separates your account name and mail server name.
Se
 mtrvuctionto Internet
and Weh
143
dvantages
.E-mails
of E-mail
are casy to use, Iah POP mat server has a different addees,
correspondence, send andYou can organise your daily ually povided to an individual which is
by theit weh hosting
and save them on compute1s.receive elecronicnessages Company. This address must be entered into the
. E-mails are fast. They are program so that the program can connet effectivelyEmail
with
world. No other fomm of delivered at once arOund the the protocol.
witen
fast as an E-mail.
The language used in communication is as (i)Slmple Mall Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
SMTP is an Internet standard for Electronic mail
When you reply to an E-mails is simple and
informal. transmissionacross Internet Protocol (|P) networks, SMTP
message so that when E-mail you can attach the
you answer the original was first defined by RFC 821 (1982, eventually
shat you are talking about. recipient knows, STD 10) and last updated by RFC 5321 (2008),declared which
hundreds of E-mails aday. This is inportant if you get inchudes the Extended SMTP (ESMTP) additions and is
. It is possible to the protocol in widespread use todlay.
rext. In such a send
way, itautonmated
is E-mails with a certain Most E-mail softwares are designed to use SMTP for
yOu are on vacation. possible to tell he sender that communication purposes when sending E-mail. The actual
responders, These E-mails are called auto mail transfer is done by Message Transfer Agents (MTA).
Another purpose of SMTP is to set-up communication
rules between servers. The major disadvantage of SMTP is
Disadvantages
. E-mails
of E-mail that, it is relatively casy to send a message with a fakesender
may carryvìruses. These are snal programs that address.
harm your computer
E-mail address book andsystem. They can read out your
send themselves to anumber
(ii) Internet Message AccessProtocol (IMAP)
people around the world. of It allows you to access your e-mail wherever you are, from
. Many people send any device. When you read an e-mail m¢ssage using IMAP,
unwanted E-mails to others. These
are called spam mails. you are not actually downloading or storing it on your
It
che unwanted E-mails takes
a lot of time to filter out computer; instead you are readíng it from the e-mail
from those that are really service. It only downloads a message when you click on it
important. and attachmentsare not automatically downloaded.
E-mails cannot really be used for official
documents. They may be lost and you cannot business (iv) Hypertext Transfer Access Protocol (HTTP)
them. sign It allows the fetching of resources, uch as HTML
" Your mailbox may get flooded documents. It is the foundation of any data exchange on the
with
certain time so you have to empty it from E-mails after a
time to time.
web and it is a client server protocol, which means requests
are initiated by the recipient, usually the web browser.
Difference between Ce and Bcc CHAT
Cc (Carbon copy) allows an E-mail to be send to a large Chatting is the online textual or multimedia conversation.
number of people by writing their respective addresses It is widely interactive text-based communication process
separated by commas. that takes place over the Internet. Chat with people using
Bcc (Blind carbon copy) is Cc, except that the recipient the Internet is somewhat similar to using the telephone for
does not see the list of people in the Bcc field. the same purpose. Chatting i.e. a virtu¡l means of
communication that involves the sending and receiving of
Electronic Mail Protocols messages, share audio and video berween users located in
any part of the world. In chatting, you type a message in
Some common E-mail protocols are your chat box, which is immediately recelved by the
(i)Post Office Protocol (POP) recipient, then the recipient type a message in response to
your message which is instant1y received by you.
POP is an application-layer Internet standard protocol, There are numerous chat programs that you can download,
used by local E-mailclients to retrieve E-mail from a remote
server over a TCP/IP connection. POP3 (Post Office
including Yahoo! messenger, windows live messenger and
skype (allthree of these can also do voice and video chat). In
Protocol 3) is the most recent version of astandard protocol addition, thereare many browser based services that do not
for receiving E-mail. POP3 is a client/server protocol in require downloading. e.g. Facebook has a buit-in chat
which E-mail is received and held for you by your Internet feature and gmail allows you to chat with yout contacts
server. whenever, you are logged into your gmail account.
 14+ |Allinone INHORMATICS PRACT
ntronuetio

TICES
Types of Chat VOICE OVER INTERNET
Chat can be of different types. Given Jhere
arc wO

commonly used types of çhat

below are some PROTOCOL (VolP) hrough
anc

(i) Instant Messagir1g (IM) VolP is a technology that enables voice add-on
se

It is an Internet service that

with cach other in real ime allows people to communicate
through an instant messaging
software. Unlike E-mail:, instant
messaging allows message
over the Internet through the compression of
networkS and then converted back into voice
end. It requires broadband connection,
cOmmunicatog
data packets that can be efficiently transmitted
at the
The
add-on
s

verting pro

from one person to appar right away a ohe Dutside Pro

on the other person's
computer screen right after the send button
Many instant messaging services offer video is pressed.
special phone or adaptor.
compute for
canpl

voice over IP and web calling features, Advantages of Vol P J su pt

conferencing conferencing services. Web

services can integrate both video
" The
biggest single advantage of VolP
has ore
These
outsic

instant messaging abil ities. calling and standard telephone systems is low cost. gaware on
Using services such as true VolP, subscribers alid progr
(iü)Internet Relay Chat (IRC) one another at no cost to other party. Can al opically
thc
It is an application laye r Routing phone calls over existing data
in the form of text. Theprotocol that facilitates communication
chat process works on a eliminate the need for separate voice networdattka
and
networking model. TRC dients are computer client/server networks.
users can install on their system or
web
programs that The ability to transmit more than one telephone Add-ons

running either localy in the browser or on a based applications over a single broadband connection. call add-ons,
These clients com municate with third party server. VolP consists advance telephone features, c.g, all browser,C
chat servers to transfer
messages to other ients. IRC is mainly routing, screen POP and IVR. ontrolp:a
designed for
communication
allows one-on-onein/discussion forums, called channels, butgroup
also
as chat and data communication via private messages as well
transfer including file sharing.
Disadvantages of VolP however
add-on n
Without power, VolP phones are useless, so incase of
fircfox be
(ii) ICQ (I Selek You) emergencies during power cuts it cannot be used.
ICQ offers chat ting via ICQ It uses Internet protocol's Add-ons
packets so if packets
conferencing tool by individuals onsoftware. It is used as a get
the
dropped along the way then voice quality drops. nextto
Net
perform file tran sfers, play computer games andto chat, e-mail, Even with its high quality, it cannot match the nternct
you download ICQ program more. When quality ofa normal telephone line. voice thetools
an ICQ number. Two (which is free) you are assigned " It may not work for
the same nick ame, but no
or more people using ICQ can
have Police or Fire services.emergency service numbers like PLU
two people can have the same
ICQ number.
(iv) Web Based Chat ADD-0NS Itis a f
browsen
It is also like IRCbut it is Add-ons or extension are tools which
different from it in the sense that it's browser. They are integrate into your Plug-ir
on a specific website and no similar to regular apps or
program is really needed to install only run when the browser runs. programs, but Conten
oncomputer. Yahoo chat is a great example of a web based chat. viewing of certain types of web Add-ons can allow the An ex
content,
Flash Player, necessary for Netflix such as Adobe Player
Check Point 05 Videos respectively. movies and YouT ube anima
1.On which model, E-mail system is based?
2. What is the full form of iCQ?
Toolbars are another type of add-on, placing a new becor
of search bar at the top of your kind torm:
3.Give an example of web based chat. browser
can work within the framework of the window. Add-ons web
4. Write the use of Cc in E-mail.
5.What is IM? changing the appearance or adding a search browser, such as
they can provide separate provider or
custom functions or functions, such as performing
adding status bar.
a
 rductionto Intemet and Web
145
Add-ons are Installed
in pug-in and have it installed on their systems. Other popular
hveare wo ways which add-ons become installed plug-ins include Quicktime Playcr (available on the Appe
an external installer and
Avgh
service. through the browser's website) and Acrobat Reader (which in add1tion to br1ng a
plug-infor the major browsers is also astand alone application
cadd-on service is thc most reliable way of installing used to display files using the PDF format.
,add-on, with the browscr service providing a
ing process for the general safety of
rclative Ilow Plg-ins are lnstalled
the add-on.
uside programs can also install add-ons in your Most plug-ins are available as free downloads. Toinstall the plug
Nonser as part of its scparate installation process. in, you visit the website of the plug-in's developer and click on a
Rr
example-microsoft office may place an add-on which
eds up che browser opening of office documents.
link that will download the installer for the plug-in, you have
selected. You can save the installer to an casy to find location such
These outside installers, however are also favoured by as the desktop or a specific folder you have created to organize all
malware companies. Add-ons can be added as part of a of you downloads. Once you have downloaded the installer, you
alid program installation. These add-ons are also can open it and follow the prompts to install the plug-in on your
nically the largest consumers of resources. system. You may have to restart your web browser to enable the
additional functionality provided by the plug-in.
HOwtoRemove Add-ons COOKIES
hoss Add-ons can be removed in one of two ways. Some
Jd-ons, particularly ones installed outside of the They are used by web developers to help users navigate their
browser, create an entry in the `Programs' portion of the websites efficiently and perform certain functions. Due to
ontrol pancl. Removing these is done in the same way their core role of enhancing/enabling usability or site
O uninstall any other program. Many add-ons, processes, disabling cookies may prevent users from using
however can only be removed through the browser's certain websites.
add-on manager. In firefox, this is found by clicking the Cookies are created when a user's browser loads a particular
frefox button in the upper left corner and selecting website. The website sends information to the browser,which
the
Add-ons a menu items which may have a puzzle piece then creates a text file. Every time the user goes back to
and sends this file to the
next to it. same website, the browser retrieves
Internet explorer offers the add-on manager by clicking website's server.
the tools button and clicking manage add-ons. Computer cookies are created not just by the website the user
is browsing but also by other websites that run ADS, widgets
or other elements on the page being loaded.
These cookies
PLUG-INS
add-on to a web regulate how the ads appear or how the widgets and other
It is a piece of software that acts as an functionality. elements function on the page.
browser and gives the browser additional additional
Plug-ins can allow a web browser to display Check Point 06
Content, it was not originally designed to display.
macronedia flash
dobe An example of a plug-in is the free browser to display 1. Give any two disadvantages of VolP
Player, a plug-in that allows the web web has
2. Write the full fornm of VolP
by Add-ons?
ube
animations using the flash format. As the 3. Which types of web content are viewing
popular
become more commercial, flash has become a
4. Give an example ofplug-ins.
As a result, many 5. What is the use of cookies?
(Ind format for displaying ads in web pages.
download the flash
web users have been prompted to