Check these values with the simplified method:

The simplified method gives for the end condition 1.

Unbraced column,

1.055 or 2.036 3164 mm

1.130 or 2.073 3389.1 mm

1.243 or 2.187 6216.3 mm

1.059 or 2.04 3178.3 mm

1.141 or 2.079 3423 mm

1.251 or 2.203 6256.9 mm

Check these values with the simplified method:

Simplified method gives for the end condition 1.

Activity 5.4
Design the following braced slender column.

M1

Given:

Ultimate loads;
RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE
UNISA 5-24 ENGINEERING
 Axial force, 1200kN
Bending about Y-axis
Small end moment, -15kN.m
Larger end moment, 80kN.m
Bending about X-axis:
Small end moment, 0kN.m
Larger end moment, 0N.m

Characteristic material strength

Characteristic concrete cube strength, 35 MPa
Yield strength of steel in tension, 450 MPa
Section dimension
Height of beam, 510 mm
Width of beam, 300 mm
Reinforcement position in X-direction 60 mm
Reinforcement position in Y-direction 60 mm

Clear height between restraint

9.6 m
6.4 m
for bending about X-axis and Y-axis
1
1

Design:

Minimum moments:

Minimum eccentricity = 21.5 > 20 mm. Therefore take 20.

= 15 < 20 mm. Therefore it is okay.

Minimum moment = 24 kN.m.

= 18 kN.m.

Slenderness:
Effective height
= 9.6m < 18m. Therefore it is okay.
= 6.4m < 18m. Therefore it is okay.
Slenderness ratio:
= 21.33 > = 18.3. Therefore, column is slender for bending in
Y-axis.
= 18.82 > = 17. Therefore, column is slender for bending in X-
axis.

The column is slender both in the X-axis and Y-axis. Therefore, additional moment must be
determined.
Bending, in this example, happens in one direction, so no need for bi-axial bending moment
to be considered. Check whether .

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Bending about X-axis:
0.177
0.75 assumed
= 67.76 mm

81.32 kN.m

= 0 kN.m =0 kN.m. Not okay, so

take 24 kN.m

Design moment about X-axis;

greatest of

Therefore, 105.32

Bending about Y-axis:

0.23
0.75 assumed
= 51.2 mm

61.44 kN.m

= 42 kN.m = 40 kN.m. Okay, so

take 42 kN.m

Design moment about Y-axis:

greatest of

Therefore,

Design for uni-axial bending using chart:

Bending about Y-axis

Find b-60 mm = 240 mm

60 mm

0.8

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 0.2

Determine required reinforcement,

7.84

2.25

From chart, 1.03

1575.9

From chart,

0.6 < 0.75. Therefore, no adjustment is required.

Provide 6Y20 bar, i.e., 1885 . Since , the provided

reinforcement is sufficient.

Reinforcement limits:

> 0.4% (Min reinf.) and <6% (Max reinf.). Therefore, it is okay.

Bending about X-axis

Find h-60 mm = 450 mm

60 mm

0.8

Determine required reinforcement,

7.84

1.35

From chart, 0.4. A value of 0.4 is taken since the calculated

is less than 0.4.

612

From chart,

Provide 4Y16 bar, i.e. 804.2 . Therefore, it is okay.

Reinforcement limits,

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UNISA 5-27 ENGINEERING
 > 0.4% (Min reinf.) and <6% (Max reinf.). Therefore, it is okay.

Detailing,

Links: Min. diam. 20 mm/4 = 5 mm. Say 8 mm.

Max. spacing. 192 mm. Take s = 150 mm

Provide Y8 links @ 150 mm over entire height of columns.

Activity 5.5
For a symmetrically reinforced rectangular sections, find K value from a formula derived from a strain-
stress relationship and compare the value with simplified formula. Consider bending about Y-axis.
Please note that K is the value from the formula, discussed in Section 5.8.

Given:

Ultimate loads
Axial force, 1200 kN

Characteristic material strength

Characteristic concrete cube strength, 30 MPa
Yield strength of steel in tension, 450 MPa
Modulus of elasticity, 200 MPa
Ultimate of concrete strain, 0.0035

Geometry
Section dimension
Height of beam, 510 mm
Width of beam, 300 mm
Reinforcement position in X-direction 60 mm
Reinforcement position in Y-direction 60 mm

Design:

= -1.957 X10^-3

327.3 MPa

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UNISA 5-28 ENGINEERING