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Gramma Semester 01

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6 views

Gramma Semester 01

Uploaded by

emanyousry0000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Verbs in present and past tense

Present Simple
**Notes:

1- Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb and

afterverbs to be.

Examples:

 He always goes to school late.


 He is always late.
2- We usually use ( never) to indicate negative form.

Example:

He never goes to school late

He doesn’t go to school late

3- We ask about adverbs of frequency with ( How often)

Examples:

He usually plays tennis.

How often does he play tennis?

Negative form
I do He does not

WE not She +

You + It verb stem

They verb stem


Question form

I
we
Do you ?
they
he Verb
Does she Stem
it

Short answers

Do you like apples? Does she like apples?


Yes, I do. Yes, she

does.No, I don’t. No , she

doesn’t
We use the Present Simple to talk about:
1) Permanent states:
-My father works in a hospital. He is a doctor.
2) Things we often do :
-He goes to the club every day.
3) General truths: (facts)
-Water freezes at 0 C
Past Simple
 We use the past simple for something that happened in
specific time in the past.

 Affirmative Form: Subject, verb inpast, complement

 We divide the verbs in simple past to regular verbs and


irregular verbs.

Regular verbs Irregular verbs


Ex: play : played Ex: see :saw

Help: helped go : went

Ex: She helped her mother yesterday.


He went to the club last week.
Verb to (Be): Past Simple
I was I wasn't
You were You weren't
was busy.
He busy. He wasn't
She was She wasn’t
It was It wasn’t
We were We weren’t
They were They weren’t

Was I I was. I wasn’t.


Were you you were you weren't.
Was he he was. he wasn’t.
Was she busy? she was. she wasn’t.
Was it it was. it wasn’t.
Were we we were we weren't
Were they they were they weren't
 Negative Form

subject + did not ( didn't + base verb )+ complement.

He didn't miss the bus yesterday.


He didn't go to the market yesterday

 Questions

Did + subject + base verb ... ?


He missed the bus yesterday.

Did he miss the bus yesterday?

Short answer :Yes, he did


No, he didn’t
He went to the market last week.
Did he go to the market last week?
Short answer :Yes, he did
No, he didn’t

Key words: yesterday, last (week - year - month), ago


 Some irregular verbs:

present past present past present past


am/is was go went begin began
are were drive drove bend bent
say said buy bought beat beat
write wrote teach taught bite bit
think thought spill spilt break broke
fight fought speak spoke bring brought
become become catch caught build Built
take took win won bleed bled
go went hear heard blow blew
fly flew dream dreamt come came
eat ate feed fed cost cost
make made feel felt catch catch
hide hid forget forgot cut cut
meet met forgive forgave deal dealt
see saw freeze froze dig dug
sing sang fall fell do did
tell told run ran draw drew
wake woke have had drink drank
get got hurt hurt hit hit
ring rang find found put put
pay paid sell sold send sent
shake shook swing swung swim swam
spread spread stand stood understand understood
know knew lay laid sleep Slept
give gave spit spat hold held
synonyms
Types of sentences
Synonyms of said
Noun phrase

 What is a noun phrase?

A noun phrase is a group of words that act like a noun.


It can be one or more adjectives and a noun.

 Examples:

* The ship loaded with stolen cars.

* It is an ancient, abandoned house.


Connectives

 We can use connectives to create longer sentences.


These are called Multi-clause sentences.
- We will go to the rainforest where we will see toucans.
- We will visit the waterfalls because the children want
to swim.

 Some common connectives:

Addition Cause Result contrast time place


and because so but when where

also as therefore though once wherever

as well as as a result although as soon as

after

before

while

until
Explicit and implicit information

Explicit Implicit
Sentence starters
Adding endings
(ed – ing)
 Rules for adding endings:

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