CHE-614

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Finite Volume Method for

Other Coordinate Systems

Dr. Muhammad Nadeem

[email protected]
Room 15, . : 3774
 Triangular Control Volume
So far we have studied the finite Let us consider, the triangular
control volume approach for control volume as shown in
cartesian coordinate system with figure below
rectangular/square control volume.

y y

x x

2
 Triangular Control Volume
Consider the fully developed laminar flow equation in a triangular duct.
𝜕 2 𝜙 𝜕 2 𝜙 1 𝑑𝑝
2
+ 2= =𝐶
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜇 𝑑𝑧

In first step, discretize the flow domain using

triangular control volumes. 9

The centroid of the triangular element is

representative of control volume. 6 7 8

The governing equation will be

y 1 2 3 5
discretized around the centroid of the 4
triangular element.
x

3
 Triangular Control Volume
Some geometric parameters of triangular control volume

ℎ = 𝑏 tan 𝜃 3𝑏
ℎ=
2
h ℎ Τ6 h
b/2 ℎ Τ6
b/3 𝑏 Τ6 𝑏 Τ4
h/3
h/3

b b
𝑏 ℎ 𝑏
𝑥ҧ = 𝑦ത = ℎ 3𝑏 𝑏
3 3 𝑥ҧ = 𝑦ത = = =
2 3 6 2 3
ℎ 1 ℎ 3𝑏 𝑏
= 𝑏 tan 𝜃 = =
6 6 6 12 4 3
1 2 3𝑏2
Area = 𝑏 tan 𝜃 Area =
2 4
4
 Triangular Control Volume

𝑛 𝑛
𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑦
𝑛𝑥 𝑛𝑥 𝑛𝑥 𝑛𝑥
𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑦
𝑛 𝑛

𝑛𝑥 = 𝑛 cos 𝜃 𝑛𝑦 = 𝑛 sin 𝜃

5
 Triangular Control Volume
Gauss’s divergence theorem C

න ∇𝒂𝑑𝑉 = න 𝑛 ⋅ 𝒂𝑑𝐴 = ෍ 𝑛 ⋅ 𝒂 𝑖 𝐴𝑖 𝑛 𝑛
𝐶𝑉 𝐴

So the governing equation is transformed into

A 𝑛 B
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝐴𝐴𝐵 + 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐴𝐵
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐵𝑐
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
+ 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ ҧ
𝐴𝐶𝐴 = 𝐶∆𝑉
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐶𝐴

𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ ∆𝑙∆𝑧 + 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ ∆𝑙∆𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐴𝐵
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐵𝑐
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
+ 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ ∆𝑙∆𝑧 ҧ
= 𝐶𝐴∆𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝐶𝐴
7
 Triangular Control Volume
For control volume 7
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑝 + 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑞 9
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑝
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑞
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 3 2 p
+ 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑟 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑟 4 7
r
q
𝜙7 − 𝜙9 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 1 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 8
+1 ⋅ 𝑙+ − ⋅ 𝑙+ − ⋅𝑙 6
𝑦𝑐7 − 𝑦𝑐9 2 𝑥𝑐7 − 𝑥𝑐6 2 𝑦𝑐7 − 𝑦𝑐6

3 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 1 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 3 2
+ ⋅𝑙+ − ⋅ 𝑙 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
2 𝑥𝑐7 − 𝑥𝑐8 2 𝑦𝑐7 − 𝑦𝑐8 4
𝜙7 − 𝜙9 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 1 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 1 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 3 2
= +1 ⋅𝑙− ⋅ 𝑙− ⋅ 𝑙+ ⋅𝑙 − ⋅ 𝑙 =𝐶ҧ 𝑙
−𝑙/ 3 2 𝑙/2 2 𝑙/2 3 2 −𝑙/2 2 𝑙/2 3 4
3 2
= − 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙9 − 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 − 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙6 − 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 − 3 𝜙7 − 𝜙8 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
4
𝐶ҧ 2
−5𝜙7 + 2𝜙6 +2𝜙8 + 𝜙9 = 𝑙
4 8
 Triangular Control Volume
For control volume 1
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑝 + 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑞
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑝
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑞 2
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 3 2 r
+ 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑟 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙 q
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑟 4
1
𝜙1 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 3 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 1 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 p
−1 ⋅𝑙 + ⋅𝑙
𝑦𝑐1 − 𝑦𝑚𝑝 + 2 𝑥𝑐1 − 𝑥𝑐2 ⋅ 𝑙 2 𝑦𝑐1 − 𝑦𝑐2
3 𝜙1 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 1 𝜙1 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 3 2
− ⋅𝑙 + ⋅ 𝑙 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
2 𝑥𝑐1 − 𝑥𝑚𝑟 2 𝑦𝑐1 − 𝑦𝑚𝑟 4
Given that at boundary 𝜙ቚ = 0
𝑏
𝜙1 − 0 1 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 1 𝜙1 − 0
= −1 ⋅ 𝑙 + 3 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 ⋅ 𝑙 + ⋅ 𝑙 − 3 𝜙1 − 0 ⋅ 𝑙 + ⋅ 𝑙 = 𝐶ҧ 3 𝑙 2
𝑙/2 3 2 −𝑙/2 2 −𝑙/2 3 2 𝑙/4 2 −𝑙/4 3 4
3 2
= −2 3𝜙1 − 3 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 − 3 𝜙1 − 𝜙2 −2 3𝜙1 −2 3𝜙1 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
4
𝐶ҧ 2
−8𝜙1 + 2𝜙2 = 𝑙
4 9
 Triangular Control Volume
For control volume 9
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑝 + 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑞
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑝
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑞 r
9 q
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 3 2
+ 𝑛𝑥 ⋅ + 𝑛𝑦 ⋅ 𝑙𝑟 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙 p
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑟 4
𝜙9 − 𝜙7 3 𝜙9 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 1 𝜙9 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏
−1 ⋅𝑙 + ⋅𝑙 + ⋅𝑙 7
𝑦𝑐9 − 𝑦𝑐7 2 𝑥𝑐9 − 𝑥𝑚𝑞 2 𝑦𝑐9 − 𝑦𝑚𝑞
3 𝜙9 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 1 𝜙9 − 𝜙ȁ𝑏 3 2
+ − ⋅𝑙 + ⋅ 𝑙 =𝐶ҧ 𝑙
2 𝑥𝑐9 − 𝑥𝑚𝑟 2 𝑦𝑐9 − 𝑦𝑚𝑟 4
Given that at boundary 𝜙ቚ = 0
𝑏
𝜙9 − 𝜙7 3 𝜙9 − 0 1 𝜙9 − 0 3 𝜙9 − 0 1 𝜙9 − 0 3 2
= −1 ⋅𝑙 + ⋅𝑙 + ⋅𝑙 − ⋅𝑙 + ⋅ 𝑙 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
𝑙/ 3 2 −𝑙/4 2 −𝑙/4 3 2 𝑙/4 2 −𝑙/4 3 4
3
= − 3 𝜙9 − 𝜙7 −2 3𝜙9 −2 3𝜙9 −2 3𝜙9 −2 3𝜙9 = 𝐶ҧ 𝑙
4
𝐶ҧ 2
+𝜙7 − 9𝜙9 = 𝑙
4 10
 Triangular Control Volume
The set of linear discretized equations are
1 −8𝜙1 + 2𝜙2 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
2 +2𝜙1 − 5𝜙2 + 2𝜙3 + 𝜙6 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
3 +2𝜙2 − 6𝜙3 + 2𝜙4 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
4 +2𝜙3 − 5𝜙4 + 2𝜙5 + 𝜙8 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
5 +2𝜙4 − 8𝜙5 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
6 +𝜙2 − 7𝜙6 + 2𝜙7 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
7 ҧ
+2𝜙6 − 5𝜙7 + 2𝜙8 + 𝜙9 = 𝐶/4
8 +𝜙4 + 2𝜙7 − 7𝜙8 ҧ
= 𝐶/4
9 +𝜙7 ҧ
− 9𝜙9 = 𝐶/4
In matrix notation
−8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 𝜙1
−25
2 −5 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 𝜙2
−25
0 2 −6 2 0 0 0 0 0 𝜙3 −25
0 0 2 −5 2 0 0 1 0 𝜙4 −25
0 0 0 2 −8 0 0 0 0 𝜙5 = −25
0 1 0 0 0 −7 2 0 0 𝜙6 −25
0 0 0 0 0 2 −5 2 1 𝜙7 −25
0 0 0 1 0 0 2 −7 0 𝜙8 −25
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −9 𝜙9 −25
12