Section 3 On Tuesday at 11 o’clock

Al-Quds University.

Najjad Zeenni’s faculty of Engineering

Department of Electronic & Communication Engineering.

INTROD. TO CIRCUIT THEORY & ELECTRONICS.

(0701211)
EXP. (#7): Oscilloscope & function Generator.

Name: Zobeer Qunbar.

Student Number: 22120011.

Dr: Safaa Nasseraldin.

The preparation Date: 25/10/2023.

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Section 3 On Tuesday at 11 o’clock

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2
1- Oscilloscope ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2- Function generator ............................................................................................................................ 2
Objective ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Equipments List:............................................................................................................................................. 3
Background: ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Signals Parameters: ................................................................................................................................... 4
DC signals: .............................................................................................................................................. 4
AC signals: .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Procedure: ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Part1: DC voltage measurement................................................................................................................ 5
Part2: AC voltage measurement ................................................................................................................ 7
Part3: AC & DC voltage measurement..................................................................................................... 10
Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 13
• Signal Types and Characteristics: ..................................................................................................... 13
• Function Generator Operation: ....................................................................................................... 13
• Oscilloscope Usage: ......................................................................................................................... 13
• Measurement and Accuracy: ........................................................................................................... 13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................... 14

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Section 3 On Tuesday at 11 o’clock

Introduction:

We will learn in this experiment how to use function generator and

oscilloscope and connect them correctly to each other.

We will learn how to read the measures from oscilloscope and compare
between AC and DC Signals

Lets start with oscilloscope:-

1- Oscilloscope: is basically a graph-displaying device – it draws the

graph of an electrical signal. In most applications, the graph shows
how signals change over time: the vertical (Y) axis represents
voltage and the horizontal (X) axis represents time. The intensity
or brightness of the signal is sometimes called the Z-axis

2- Function generator: is usually a piece of electronic test

equipment or software used to generate different types of
electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. Some of
the most common waveforms produced by the function generator
are the sine wave, square wave, triangular wave and sawtooth
shapes.

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Objective:

1- Deal With Oscilloscope and function generator

2- Using the Oscilloscope to generate and display the signals
3- To compare between AC and DC signals
4- Determine the parameters for AC and DC signals
5- To generate different wave forms using F.G and display it on CRO

Equipments List:

1.function generator

2. oscilloscope

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3. power supply

4. Wires

Background:
Signals Parameters:

Signals are divided into two types, DC signals and AC signals, they have
some similar parameters and differ in others.
DC signals: DC signals are the signals with the same sign, may be positive or
negative, one important feature for any constant amplitude DC signal that its
frequency is zero. Amplitude is defined as the maximum value in the signal
referred to zero level.

AC signals: stands for alternative current, these signals alternate between the
positive and negative sign with time, the amplitude of these signals vary in value
and sign with time.
The main parameters for AC signals are:
1- Shape: square, triangular, sinusoidal and other waves.

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2- Amplitude: the maximum value in the signal referred to the zero level, some
time is referred by Vpeak, other value Vpeak-to-peak it is defined as maximum
value in the signal minus the minimum value in the signal.
3- Cycle period: is the time separate between two adjacent similar points in
seconds, and Duty cycle is the ratio of the time where the signal has positive sign
’TON’ over the time for full cycle ‘TOFF’, and it’s unit less.
4- Frequency: how many times the signal repeat itself in the time unit.
5- DC offset: is the DC value added to the AC signal to have a shift in peak values
in positive or negative direction.

Procedure:

Part1: DC voltage measurement

Connect the output of the power supply to the input of the oscilloscope;
fix the
Voltage of the power supply to 6 volt. Draw the output signal, and then
fill
Required data in the table.

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Coupling DC
Time/div 0,5
Volt/Div 2
Amplitude 0
Frequency 0

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Part2: AC voltage measurement

a) Set the function generator to provide square wave signal with

Amplitude 1.5 volt, frequency 5 KHz, duty cycle 50% and zero offset.
Draw the
Output signal, and then fill required data in the table.

Coupling DC
Time/div 1
Volt/Div 0,5
Amplitude 1,5
Frequency 5

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b) Reduce the duty cycle to 30%, add 0.5 volt DC-offset, and then draw the
output signal.

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Coupling DC
Time/div 1
Volt/Div 0,5
Amplitude 1,5
Frequency 5

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Part3: AC & DC voltage measurement

a) Use DC power supply to provide 2volt as input to channel 2, and the

function generator to provide sinusoidal signal with amplitude 3 volt,
frequency 30 KHz, and zero DC-offset, use it as input to channel
1. Display the “dual” signals and draw it.

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CH1 CH2

Coupling DC AC

Time/div 1 1
Volt/Div 1 1

Amplitude 0 3
Frequency 0 30

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Discussion:
In the laboratory experiment involving the use of an oscilloscope and a
function generator, we aimed to explore the principles of signal generation,
visualization, and measurement. We used a function generator to generate
different types of signals, including sine, square, and triangular waves, and
observed their characteristics on an oscilloscope. The oscilloscope allowed us
to visualize the waveforms, measure key parameters such as frequency and
amplitude, and understand the impact of various settings on the displayed
signals.
During the experiment, we learned the following:
• Signal Types and Characteristics: We gained a deeper understanding of the
characteristics of different signal types, including their shapes, frequencies, and
amplitudes. This knowledge is essential for signal analysis and interpretation in
various electronic applications.
• Function Generator Operation: We became familiar with the operation of a
function generator, including setting the desired frequency, amplitude, and
waveform type. This skill is valuable for generating specific signals for testing and
calibration purposes.
• Oscilloscope Usage: The oscilloscope was a critical tool for visualizing signals. We
learned how to properly connect the probe, adjust the horizontal and vertical scales,
and make measurements using on-screen cursors. This knowledge is essential for
signal analysis and troubleshooting.
• Measurement and Accuracy: The experiment emphasized the importance of
accurate measurements. We practiced using the oscilloscope's measurement
features to determine signal parameters with precision, contributing to our
proficiency in electronics.

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Conclusion:
In conclusion, the oscilloscope and function generator are indispensable tools
in the field of electronics and electrical engineering. This laboratory
experiment provided valuable hands-on experience and insights into these
instruments' operation and applications. We learned how to generate,
visualize, and measure various signals accurately. These skills are essential for
tasks such as circuit analysis, waveform characterization, and troubleshooting
in electronic design and testing. As future engineers and technicians, the
knowledge gained from this experiment will serve us well in our academic
and professional pursuits in the field of electronics.

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