Detailed Solutions to BEE Assignment No.

2
(Prepared by: Rajendra D. Bhosale)
Problem 1
An iron ring of mean circumference 0.8 m is uniformly wound with 550 turns of wire. Calculate the flux density ( ) produced
by a current of 1.1 A. Assume = 1400.
Solution:
= 550, = 1.1 A, = 0.8 m, = 1400, = 4 × 10 H/m.
= = 1400 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.76 × 10 H/m.
550 ⋅ 1.1
= = = 756.25 A/m.
0.8
= = (1.76 × 10 ) ⋅ 756.25 = 1.33 T.
Problem 2
Determine the current required to set up a flux density of 1.2 T in an iron ring with mean circumference 80 cm and cross-
sectional area 10 cm . Assume = 1000.
Solution:
= 1.2 T, = 0.8 m, = 10 × 10 m , = 1000.
= = 1000 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.256 × 10 H/m.
1.2
= = = 955.1 A/m.
1.256 × 10
= = 955.1 ⋅ 0.8 = 764.1.
764.1
= = 1.39 A.
550
Problem 3
A coil of 500 turns and resistance 20 is wound uniformly on an iron ring of mean circumference 50 cm and cross-sectional
area 4 cm . It is connected to a 24 V DC supply. Relative permeability of the material is 800. Calculate: (a) MMF, (b)
Magnetizing force, (c) Total flux, (d) Reluctance.
Solution:
= 24 V, = 20 , = 500, = 0.5 m, = 4 × 10 m , = 800.
24
= = = 1.2 A.
20
(a) MMF: = 500 ⋅ 1.2 = 600 A-turns.
600
(b) Magnetizing force: = = = 1200 A/m.
0.5
= = 800 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.005 × 10 H/m.
(c) Flux: = = 1.005 × 10 ⋅ 1200 = 1.206 T, = = 1.206 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 4.824 × 10 Wb.
0.5
(d) Reluctance: S = = = 1.243 × 10 A/Wb.
1.005 × 10 ⋅ 4 × 10
Problem 4
A magnetic circuit has the mean length of flux path 20 cm and cross-sectional area 1 cm . Relative permeability is 2400. Find
the MMF required to produce a flux density of 2 T. If an air gap of 1 mm is introduced, find the MMF required for the air gap as
a fraction of the total MMF.
Solution:
core = 0.2 m, air = 1 × 10 m, = 1 × 10 m , = 2 T, = 2400.
core = = 2400 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 3.016 × 10 H/m.
0.2
Reluctance of core: Score = = = 6.63 × 10 A/Wb.
core

core 3.016 × 10 ⋅ 1 × 10
1 × 10
Reluctance of air gap: Sair = = = 7.96 × 10 A/Wb.
air
4 × 10 ⋅ 1 × 10
2
= = = 2 × 10 Wb.
1 × 10
MMF for core: MMFcore = Score = 2 × 10 ⋅ 6.63 × 10 = 1.326 × 10 A-turns.
MMF for air gap: MMFair = Sair = 2 × 10 ⋅ 7.96 × 10 = 1.592 × 10 A-turns.
MMFair 1.592 × 10
Fraction: = = 0.922.
MMFtotal 1.592 × 10 + 1.326 × 10
Problem 5
Two coils have self-inductances of 10 H and 40 H. A current of 2 A in coil A produces a flux linkage of 5 Wb in coil B. Calculate:
(a) Mutual inductance, (b) Coefficient of coupling, (c) Average EMF induced in coil B when the current in coil A is reversed in
0.1 s.
Solution:
Flux linkage in B 5
(a) Mutual inductance: = = = 2.5 H.
Current in A 2
2.5 2.5
(b) Coefficient of coupling: = = = = 0.125.
√10 ⋅ 40 20
2 − (−2) 4
(c) EMF induced: EMFavg = ⋅ = 2.5 ⋅ = 2.5 ⋅ = 100 V.
0.1 0.1
Problem 6
An air-cored toroid has a mean diameter of 25 cm and a cross-sectional area of 6.26 cm . It is uniformly wound with 1000
turns of wire. Calculate: (a) Inductance of the toroid, (b) EMF induced when current increases at a rate of 200 A/s, (c) Energy
stored when the coil carries 10 A.
Solution:
 = 0.25 m, = 6.26 × 10 m , = 1000.
= 2 = 2 ⋅ 0.25 = 1.57 m.
4 × 10 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 6.26 × 10
(a) Inductance: = = = 1.6 H.
1.57
(b) EMF induced: EMF = ⋅ = 1.6 ⋅ 200 = 320 V.
1 1
(c) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 1.6 ⋅ 10 = 80 J.
2 2
Problem 7
An iron ring wound with 550 turns produces a flux density of 0.94 T when carrying a current of 2.4 A. The mean length of the
iron path is 80 cm, and the air gap is 1 mm. Determine: (a) Relative permeability of the iron, (b) Self-inductance, (c) Energy
stored if the cross-sectional area of the ring is 25 cm .
Solution:
550 ⋅ 2.4
(a) Relative permeability: = = = 1650 A/m,
0.8
0.94 5.7 × 10
= = = 5.7 × 10 , = = = 454.
1650 4 × 10
550 ⋅ 5.7 × 10 ⋅ 25 × 10
(b) Self-inductance: = = = 11.2 mH.
0.8
1 1
(c) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 11.2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2.4 = 32.3 mJ.
2 2
Problem 8
A magnetic core with a mean length of 20 cm and cross-sectional area 1 cm has a relative permeability of 2400. A coil of 2000
turns carrying a current of 66 mA is wound around it. Calculate: (a) Inductance of the coil, (b) Energy stored in the magnetic
field.
Solution:
= 0.2 m, = 1 × 10 m , = 2400, = 2000, = 66 × 10 A.
= = 2400 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 3.016 × 10 H/m.
3.016 × 10 ⋅ 2000 ⋅ 1 × 10
(a) Inductance: = = = 6.032 H.
0.2
1 1
(b) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 6.032 ⋅ (66 × 10 ) = 13.15 mJ.
2 2
Problem 9
A magnetic circuit is excited by three coils. Find the net MMF in the circuit (refer to Figure 3.9.11 in the provided document).
Solution: Let , , and represent the MMFs of the three coils, and directions are based on the figure. Assuming the
MMF values and directions from the figure:
Net MMF: MMFnet = + − .
Substitute the values from the figure to compute the exact result.
Problem 10
An iron ring has a mean flux path of 60 cm, cross-sectional area of 15 cm , and a relative permeability of 500. Calculate: (a)
Current required to produce a flux density of 1.2 T when passed through a coil of 300 turns, (b) Flux with the same current if
the iron ring is replaced with an air core.
Solution:
= 0.6 m, = 15 × 10 m , = 500, = 300, = 1.2 T.
= = 500 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 6.28 × 10 H/m.
1.2
(a) Magnetizing force: = = = 1910.7 A/m.
6.28 × 10
1910.7 ⋅ 0.6
= = = 3.82 A.
300
1.2 ⋅ 15 × 10
(b) Air-core flux: = = = 0.48 Wb.
4 × 10 ⋅ 0.6
Problem 11
A ring-shaped core is made up of two parts with the same material: Part one: 25 cm length, 4 cm area.
Part two: 10 cm length, 6 cm area. Flux density in part two is 1.5 T. The coil has a current of 0.5 A. Assume = 1000.
Calculate the number of turns.
Solution:
= 0.25 m, = 4 × 10 m , = 0.1 m, = 6 × 10 m , = 1.5 T.
= = 1000 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.256 × 10 H/m.
1.5
= = = 1194 A/m.
1.256 × 10
= = 1194 ⋅ 0.1 = 119.4 A-turns.
MMF 119.4
= = = 238.8 ≈ 239 turns.
0.5
Problem 12
An iron ring has a circular cross-section of 4 cm and mean circumference 100 cm. It is wound with 700 turns. Calculate: (a)
Current required to produce 2 mWb in the ring if = 900, (b) Current for the same flux if a 1 mm air gap is introduced.
Solution:
(a) Without air gap: = = 900 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.131 × 10 H/m.
= 2 × 10 Wb, = 1 m, = 4 × 10 m .
2 × 10
= = = 5 T.
4 × 10
5 4421.8 ⋅ 1
= = = 4421.8 A/m, = = = 6.32 A.
1.131 × 10 700
2 × 10
(b) With air gap: air = = = 3981.
4 × 10 ⋅ 4 × 10
Total = iron + air = 4421.8 + 3981 = 8402.8.
8402.8 ⋅ 1
= = = 12 A.
700
Problem 13
A ring has a diameter of 21 cm and a cross-sectional area of 10 cm . The ring is made up of semicircular sections of cast iron
and cast steel, with each joint having a reluctance equal to an air gap of 0.2 mm. Calculate the Amp-turns required to produce a
flux of 8 × 10 Wb. The relative permeabilities of cast steel and cast iron are 800 and 166, respectively.
Solution:
Given: = 0.21 m, = 10 × 10 m , = 8 × 10 Wb.
⋅ 0.21
steel = = = 0.33 m, iron = 0.33 m, gap = 0.2 × 10 m.
2 2
steel = 800 = 800 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.005 × 10 H/m,
iron = 166 = 166 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 2.084 × 10 H/m.
0.33
Reluctance: Ssteel = = = 3.28 × 10 A/Wb,
steel

steel 1.005 × 10 ⋅ 10 × 10
0.33
Siron = = = 1.58 × 10 A/Wb,
iron

iron 2.084 × 10 ⋅ 10 × 10
gap 0.2 × 10
Sgap = = = 1.59 × 10 A/Wb.
4 × 10 ⋅ 10 × 10
Total Reluctance: Stotal = Ssteel + Siron + Sgap = 3.28 × 10 + 1.58 × 10 + 1.59 × 10 = 3.5 × 10 A/Wb.
MMF: MMF = Stotal = 8 × 10 ⋅ 3.5 × 10 = 280 A-turns.
Problem 14
A ring is composed of three sections. Each section has a cross-sectional area of 0.001 m . The mean arc lengths are: (a) =
0.3 m, = 0.2 m, = 0.1 m. An air gap of 0.1 mm is cut in the ring. Relative permeabilities: = 2000, = 1000, =
10000. Flux in the air gap is 7.5 × 10 Wb. Calculate: (a) MMF, (b) Exciting current if the coil has 100 turns, (c) Reluctances of
the sections.
Solution:
Given: = 0.001 m , = 7.5 × 10 Wb, gap = 0.1 × 10 m,
= 4 × 10 H/m.
= 2000 , = 1000 , = 10000 .
0.3
Reluctances: S = = = 1.19 × 10 A/Wb,
2000 ⋅ 4 × 10 ⋅ 0.001
0.2
S = = = 1.59 × 10 A/Wb,
1000 ⋅ 4 × 10 ⋅ 0.001
0.1
S = = = 7.96 × 10 A/Wb,
10000 ⋅ 4 × 10 ⋅ 0.001
gap 0.1 × 10
Sgap = = = 7.96 × 10 A/Wb.
4 × 10 ⋅ 0.001
Total Reluctance: Stotal = S + S + S + Sgap = 3.57 × 10 A/Wb.
(a) MMF: MMF = Stotal = 7.5 × 10 ⋅ 3.57 × 10 = 26.8 A-turns.
MMF 26.8
(b) Exciting current: = = = 0.268 A.
100
Problem 15
An iron ring has a mean flux path of 60 cm and a circular cross-section of 6.5 cm . An air gap of 2 mm is cut in it. A coil of 650
turns carries 2.5 A. Calculate the flux produced in the air gap and the iron ring, assuming = 1050.
Solution:
iron = 0.6 m, = 6.5 × 10 m , gap = 2 × 10 m, = 650, = 2.5 A.
iron = = 1050 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 1.32 × 10 H/m.
= , total = iron + gap .
total
0.6
Siron = = = 7.02 × 10 A/Wb,
iron

iron 1.32 × 10 ⋅ 6.5 × 10

gap 2 × 10
Sgap = = = 2.45 × 10 A/Wb.
4 × 10 ⋅ 6.5 × 10
650 ⋅ 2.5
= = = 0.0053 Wb.
Siron + Sgap 7.02 × 10 + 2.45 × 10
Problem 16
A metallic ring of uniform cross-section 2 cm and mean diameter 20 cm is wound with 1000 turns of wire. When the coil
carries a current of 1 A, the flux in the ring is 240 Wb. Calculate: (a) Relative permeability of the material, (b) Magnetic field
strength in the ring.
Solution:
= 2 × 10 m , = 0.2 m, = 1000, = 1 A, = 240 × 10 Wb.
240 × 10
= = ⋅ 0.2 = 0.628 m, = = = 1.2 T.
2 × 10
1000 ⋅ 1
(a) Relative permeability: = = = 1592.4 A/m,
0.628
1.2 7.54 × 10
= = = 7.54 × 10 , = = = 600.
1592.4 4 × 10
(b) Magnetic field strength: = 1592.4 A/m.
Problem 17
A coil of 2000 turns is wound uniformly over a nonmagnetic ring of mean circumference 80 cm and cross-sectional area
0.6 cm . If the current through the coil is 2 A, calculate: (a) Magnetizing force, (b) Reluctance, (c) Total flux, (d) Flux density.
Solution:
= 0.8 m, = 0.6 × 10 m , = 2000, = 2 A.
2000 ⋅ 2
(a) Magnetizing force: = = = 5000 A/m.
0.8
0.8
(b) Reluctance: S = = = 1.06 × 10 A/Wb.
4 × 10 ⋅ 0.6 × 10
2000 ⋅ 2
(c) Total flux: = = = 3.77 × 10 Wb.
S 1.06 × 10
3.77 × 10
(d) Flux density: = = = 0.628 T.
0.6 × 10
Problem 18
Two coils with 1000 and 1500 turns are placed on a common magnetic circuit. A current of 5 A in coil-1 produces a flux of
0.2 mWb, and 80% of this flux links to coil-2. Calculate: (a) Self-inductance of coil-1, (b) Mutual inductance, (c) EMF induced in
both coils if the current in the first coil is interrupted in 0.01 s.
Solution:
= 0.2 × 10 Wb, = 1000, = 1500, = 0.8, = 0.01 s.
1000 ⋅ 0.2 × 10
(a) Self-inductance: = = = 0.04 H.
5
1500
(b) Mutual inductance: = , = = ⋅ 0.04 = 0.09 H,
1000
= 0.8√0.04 ⋅ 0.09 = 0.048 H.
5
(c) EMF induced: EMF = = 0.04 ⋅ = 20 V,
0.01
5
EMF = = 0.048 ⋅ = 24 V.
0.01
Problem 19
Two identical coils, each with 1500 turns, are placed in parallel planes close to each other so that 70% of the flux produced by
current in coil-1 links with coil-2. A current of 4 A produces a flux of 0.04 mWb linking with itself. Calculate: (a) Self-
inductance, (b) Mutual inductance, (c) Coefficient of coupling.
Solution:
= 0.04 × 10 Wb, = 1500, = 0.7.
1500 ⋅ 0.04 × 10
(a) Self-inductance: = = = 0.015 H.
4
(b) Mutual inductance: = = 0.7 ⋅ 0.015 = 0.0105 H.
(c) Coefficient of coupling: = , Here, = = , = 0.7.

Problem 20
Two identical 750-turn coils lie in parallel planes. A current changing at a rate of 1500 A/s induces an EMF of 13.50 V in one of
the coils. Calculate: (a) Mutual inductance, (b) Flux produced in coil-1 per ampere, (c) Percentage of this flux linking to coil-2.
Solution:
EMF 13.50
(a) Mutual inductance: EMF = , = = = 0.009 H.
1500
0.009
(b) Flux produced: = = = 1.2 × 10 Wb.
750
Flux linking coil-2
(c) Percentage flux: = , Here, = 1 (since coupling is full).
Flux in coil-1
Problem 21
Two long, single-layered solenoids and have the same length and the same number of turns. The cross-sectional areas of
the two solenoids are and ( ), respectively, and they are placed coaxially with solenoid placed within solenoid
. Show that the coefficient of coupling between them is equal to .
Solution:
Self-inductance of solenoid : = /,
Self-inductance of solenoid : = /.
Mutual inductance: = /.
/
Coefficient of coupling: = = = .
/ ⋅ /
Problem 22
An air-cored toroid has a mean diameter of 25 cm and cross-sectional area of 6.26 cm . It is uniformly wound with 1000 turns
of wire. Determine: (a) Inductance of the toroid, (b) EMF induced in the coil when / = 200 A/s, (c) Energy stored in its
magnetic field when the coil carries a current of 10 A.
Solution:
= 0.25 m, = 6.26 × 10 m , = 1000.
= 2 = 2 ⋅ 0.25 = 1.57 m.
4 × 10 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 6.26 × 10
(a) Inductance: = = = 1.6 H.
1.57
(b) EMF induced: EMF = ⋅ = 1.6 ⋅ 200 = 320 V.
1 1
(c) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 1.6 ⋅ 10 = 80 J.
2 2
Problem 23
A magnetic core in the form of a closed ring has mean length 20 cm and cross-sectional area 1 cm . Its relative permeability is
2400. A coil of 2000 turns is uniformly wound around it. Find: (a) Flux density in the core if a current of 66 mA is passed
through the coil, (b) Energy stored in the magnetic field, (c) Inductance of the coil if an air gap of 1 mm is cut in the ring.
Solution:
= 0.2 m, = 1 × 10 m , = 2000, = 66 × 10 A.
= = 2400 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 3.016 × 10 H/m.
2000 ⋅ 66 × 10
(a) Flux density: = = = 660 A/m,
0.2
= = 3.016 × 10 ⋅ 660 = 1.99 T.
1 1
(b) Energy stored: = / = ⋅ 1.99 ⋅ 1 × 10 ⋅ 0.2/3.016 × 10 = 13.16 × 10 J.
2 2
gap 1 × 10
(c) Inductance: Sgap = = = 7.96 × 10 A/Wb,
4 × 10 ⋅ 1 × 10

= , Stotal = Score + Sgap .

Stotal
Problem 24
An air-cored solenoid 1 m in length and 10 cm in diameter has 5000 turns. Calculate: (a) Self-inductance, (b) Energy stored in
the magnetic field when 2 A flows in the solenoid.
Solution:
= 1 m, = 0.1 m, = 0.05 m, = = (0.05) = 7.85 × 10 m .
4 × 10 ⋅ 5000 ⋅ 7.85 × 10
(a) Self-inductance: = = = 0.618 H.
1
1 1
(b) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 0.618 ⋅ 2 = 1.236 J.
2 2
Problem 25
An iron ring of 10 cm in diameter and 8 cm cross-section is wound with 300 turns of wire. For a flux density of 1.2 T and
relative permeability of 500, calculate: (a) Exciting current, (b) Inductance, (c) Energy stored.
Solution:
= 0.1 m, = 8 × 10 m , = 300, = 1.2 T, = 500.
= = ⋅ 0.1 = 0.314 m, = = 500 ⋅ 4 × 10 = 6.28 × 10 H/m.
1.2
(a) Exciting current: = = = 1910.7 A/m,
6.28 × 10
1910.7 ⋅ 0.314
= = = 2.0 A.
300
300 ⋅ 6.28 × 10 ⋅ 8 × 10
(b) Inductance: = = = 1.44 mH.
0.314
1 1
(c) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 1.44 × 10 ⋅ 2 = 2.88 × 10 J.
2 2
Problem 26
An iron ring wound with 550 turns produces a flux density of 0.94 T in the ring carrying a current of 2.4 A. The mean length of
the iron path is 80 cm, and that of the air gap is 1 mm. Determine: (a) Relative permeability of the iron, (b) Self-inductance, (c)
Energy stored if the cross-sectional area of the ring is 25 cm .
Solution:
iron = 0.8 m, gap = 1 × 10 m, = 25 × 10 m , = 550, = 2.4 A, = 0.94 T.
550 ⋅ 2.4
(a) Relative permeability: = = = 1650 A/m,
iron 0.8
0.94 5.7 × 10
= = = 5.7 × 10 , = = = 454.
1650 4 × 10

(b) Self-inductance: = , total = iron + gap ,

total
gap
Siron = , Sgap = ,
iron

550
= = 15.6 mH.
Siron + Sgap
1 1
(c) Energy stored: = = ⋅ 15.6 × 10 ⋅ 2.4 = 0.09 J.
2 2
Problem 27
Two coils, and , with 12000 and 15000 turns, respectively, lie in parallel planes so that 45% of the flux produced by links
with . A current of 5 A in produces 0.05 mWb, while the same current in produces 0.075 mWb. Calculate: (a) Mutual
inductance, (b) Coefficient of coupling.
Solution:
= 0.05 × 10 Wb, = 0.075 × 10 Wb, = 12000, = 15000, = 0.45.
(a) Mutual inductance: = ,
12000 ⋅ 0.05 × 10
= = = 0.12 H,
5
15000 ⋅ 0.075 × 10
= = = 0.225 H,
5
= 0.45√0.12 ⋅ 0.225 = 0.045 H.
0.045
(b) Coefficient of coupling: = = = 0.45.
√0.12 ⋅ 0.225