FlightSafety

international

KING AIR 9 0 SERIES

MAINTENANCE TRAINING
MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY: LJ-1063 AMD SUBSEQUENT
VOLUME 1

FlightSafety International, Inc.

Marine Air Terminal, LaGuardia Airport
Flushing, New York 11371
(718) 565-4100
www.fi ig htsafety.com
Courses for the King Air 90 Series and other Beech aircraft are taught at the following FlightSafety
learning center:

Wichita Hawker Beechcraft Maintenance Learning Center

9525 East Central Avenue
Wichita, Kansas 67206
(316) 612-5400
Toll-Free: (800) 808-0976
Fax: (316) 612-5449

C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 9 by F l i g h t S a f e t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Inc.
A l l rights r e s e r v e d .
P r i n t e d in the U n i t e d S t a t e s of A m e r i c a .
FOR T R A I N I N G P U R P O S E S ONLY

NOTICE
The material contained in this training manual is based on information obtained from the
aircraft manufacturer's Airplane Flight Manual, Pilot Manual and Maintenance Manuals. It
is to be used for familiarization and training purposes only.

At the time of printing it contained then-current information. In the event of conflict

between data provided herein and that in publications issued by the manufacturer or the
FAA, that of the manufacturer or the FAA shall take precedence.

We at FlightSafety want you to have the best training possible. We welcome any
suggestions you might have for improving this manual or any other aspect of our training
program.

FOR T R A I N I N G P U R P O S E S ONLY
 INSERT LATEST REVISED PAGES, DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original 0 May 2009

NOTE:
For printing purposes, revision numbers in footers occur at the bottom of every page
that has changed in any way (grammatical or typographical revisions, reflow of pages,
and other changes that do not necessarily affect the meaning of the manual).
THIS PUBLICATION CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page *Revision Page *Revision

No. No. No. No.
Cover —Copyright 0 23A-i-23A-10 0
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1 -i — 1 -32 0 25- - 2 5 - 1 8 0
2-i—2-10 0 26- - 2 6 - 1 4 0
5-i-12-50 0 27- - 2 7 - 2 6 0
20-i-20-34 0 28- - 2 8 - 4 2 0
21-i—21-70 0 29- - 2 9 - 3 4 0
22-i-22-20 0 30- - 3 0 - 3 2 0
22A-i-22A-16 0 31- -31-28 0
23-i-23-42 0

*Zero in this column indicates an original page.

 CONTENTS
VOLUME 1

ATA
Chapter Title Number
INTRODUCTION
ATA 100
AIRCRAFT GENERAL 5-12
STANDARD PRACTICES AIRFRAME 20
AIR CONDITIONING 21
AUTOFLIGHT 22
PRO LINE 21 INDEX 22A
COMMUNICATIONS 23
PRO LINE 21 ATA 23 COMM 23A
ELECTRICAL POWER 24
EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS 25
FIRE PROTECTION 26
FLIGHT CONTROLS 27
FUEL 28
HYDRAULIC POWER 29
ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION 30
INDICATING AND RECORDING SYSTEMS 31
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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M A N U A L

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1-1

King Air 90 Series 1-3

King A i r 90 Series M a i n t e n a n c e Publications 1-5

Flight D e c k 1-11

Fuel C o n t r o l Panel 1-17

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES M A I N T E N A N C E T R A I N I N G M A N U A L

ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
1-1 King A i r C 9 0 A 1-2

1-2 King A i r C90B 1-2

1-3 King A i r C 9 0 G T 1-3

1-4 King A i r C90GTi 1-4

1 -5 King A i r C90 Series Typical A r r a n g e m e n t 1-6

1-6 Interior A r r a n g e m e n t 1-8

1 -7 Flight D e c k Layout (C90GTi) 1 -10

1-8 E n g i n e Control Q u a d r a n t a n d Pedestal 1-12

1 -9 Flight D e c k Layout ( C 9 0 A / B / G T ) 1-14

1-10 C e n t e r Pedestal (Typical) 1-15

1-11 Fuel Control Panel (C90GTi) 1-16

1-12 Fuel C o n t r o l Panel ( C 9 0 A / B / G T ) 1-16

1-13 I n s t r u m e n t Markings ( C 9 0 A / B / G T / G T i ) 1-18

1-14 E n g i n e I n s t r u m e n t Markings ( C 9 0 A / B / G T ) 1-19

1-15 Primary Flight Display ( P F D ) 1-20

1-16 Multifunction Display ( M F D ) 1-21

1-17 Right Circuit B r e a k e r Panels 1-22

1-18 O v e r h e a d Panels 1-24

1-19 Pilot a n d Copilot Primary Flight Displays (C90GTi) 1-26

1-20 Pilot Subpanels ( C 9 0 A / B / G T ) 1-28

1-21 Copilot S u b p a n e l s ( C 9 0 A / B / G T ) 1-29

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TABLE
Table Title Page
1-1 Serial N u m b e r B r e a k s 1-30

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 FlightSafety
KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
T h i s c h a p t e r p r e s e n t s a n o v e r a l l v i e w of t h e a i r c r a f t , i n c l u d i n g e x t e r n a l f a m i l i a r -
ization, cabin a r r a n g e m e n t s , and cockpit layout. This chapter contains diagrams
a n d d a t a d e s c r i b i n g t h e a i r c r a f t a n d t h e s y s t e m s t h a t m a y n o t b e i n c l u d e d in t h e
Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM).

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1-1
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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

KING AIR 90 SERIES The structure is an all-metal low-wing mono-

plane. It has fully cantilevered wings and a
The King Air 90 Series aircraft are high-per- conventional tail empennage.The wings are
formance pressurized twin-engine turbo- an efficient, high-aspect ratio design.The air-
prop aircraft (Figures 1-1 through 1-4).They foil section provides an excellent combina-
are designed and equipped for flight in in- tion of low drag for cruise conditions and
strument flight rule (IFR) conditions, day easy handling for low speed terminal con-
or night, and into known icing conditions. ditions or small airport operations (Figures
They are also capable of operating in and 1-1 through 1-4).
out of small a i r p o r t s w i t h i n the Pilot
Operating Handbook (POH) operating lim-
its.The Super King Air design is a blend of
a highly efficient airframe with proven cur-
rent technology components providing a
reliable, economical, versatile, and cost-
productive aircraft.

Figure 1-3. King Air C90GT

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

The King Air 90 Series are identified as: NOTES

MODEL SERIAL N U M B E R

C90A LJ-1063 through LJ-1299

(see Figure 1-1)

C90B LJ-1288,LJ-1295,and LJ-

1300 through LJ-1755 (see
Figure 1-2)

C90GT LJ-1727,LJ-1754,LJ-1756
through LJ-1846, and LJ-
1848 t h r o u g h L J - 1 8 5 2
(see Figure 1-3)

C90GTi LJ-1769,LJ-1847,and LJ-

1853 and s u b s e q u e n t
(Figure 1-4)

KING AIR 90 SERIES

MAINTENANCE PUBLICATIONS
The following publications are used in, or
are available for reference during training:
• Maintenance Manual
• Wire Diagram Manual
• Parts Catalog
• Component Maintenance Manual
• Structural Repair Manual
• Pratt & Whitney publications
• Service bulletins
• Communiques
• Printed Circuit Board Manual

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1. Weather Radar Antenna 13. Rudder Trim Tab
2. Communications, Navigation and Radar Equipment 14. Rear Fuselage Access Door
3! Outboard Flap Section 15. Baggage Area
4, Ground Escape Hatch 16. Airstair Door
5. Inboard Flap Section 17. Aileron Trim Tab
6. Liquid Storage Cabinet 18. Leading Edge Fuel Tanks
7. Lavatory Privacy Curtain 19. Wing Ice Check light
8. Belted Lavatory 20. Nacelle Fuel Tank
9. Pressurization Safety and Dump Valves 21. PT6A-21 or-135ATurboprop Engine
10. Oxygen Bottle 22. Heated Pitot Mast
11. Emergency Locator Transmitter 23. Landing and Taxi Lights
12. Elevator Trim Tabs

Figure 1-5. King Air C90 Series Typical Arrangement

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M A N U A L

The fuselage is a conventional monocoque NOTES

structure using high strength aluminum
alloys. The basic cross-sectional shape of
the cabin is a favorable compromise be-
t w e e n p a s s e n g e r comfort and efficient
cruise performance (Figure 1-5).The cabin
p r o f i l e is s q u a r e d - o v a l , n o t r o u n d .
Passengers can sit comfortably without
leaning their heads to accommodate slop-
ing walls. The floors are flat from side to
side for passenger ease in entering and
leaving the cabin.

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 Figure 1-6. Interior Arrangement

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M
MAAN
NUUAALL

King Air 90 Series NOTES

Configuration
The floors are flat from side to side for pas-
senger ease in entering and leaving the
cabin. They are certificated for up to 10
people (Figure 1-6).The most popular con-
figuration provides comfortable seating
for six passengers and a crew of two. Almost
any arrangement is possible.

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Figure 1-7. Flight Deck Layout (C90GTi)

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M

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FLIGHT DECK NOTES

The pilot and copilot sit side-by-side in in-
dividual chairs, separated by the control
pedestal. The seats are adjustable fore and
aft, vertically, and they also tilt to provide
maximum pilot access to the controls. These
seats have adjustable airbag-type lumbar
supports for crew comfort. Seat belts and in-
ertia-type shoulder harnesses are provided
for each seat.The C90GTi general layout of
the flight deck shows the location of the
instruments and controls (Figure 1-7).

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

Extending back from the center subpanel NOTES

is the engine control quadrant and pedestal
(Figure 1-8). Engine controls, flap control
handle, rudder and aileron trim knobs, and
press pressurization controls are on this
pedestal. On the C 9 0 A / B / G T the flight di-
rector and autopilot systems are typically
here also.

The center pedestal has changed on the

C90GTi to incorporate the control display
unit which provides centralized control and
display functions for the flight management
system and radio sensor system. The data
base unit ( D B U ) is installed in the pedestal
as well and is used to upload file server unit
databases and navigation information .The
cursor control panel (CCP) provides MFD
control and is used to control MFD menus
and display formats.

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Figure 1-9. Flight Deck Layout (C90A/B/GT)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES M A I N T E N A N C E T R A I N I N G M A N U A L

The C90A/B/GT engine instruments are in Conventional dual controls allow the air-
a double vertical row next to the avionics craft to be flown by either pilot. The con-
panel (Figure 1-9).The avionics panel in the trols and instruments are arranged for
center contains the navigation and commu- convenient single-pilot operation, or pilot
nication controls and the weather radar unit. and copilot crew (Figure 1-10).

DN CAUTION
J REVERSE
ONLY WITH
ENGINES
5 RUNNING

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Figure 1-10. Center Pedestal (Typical)

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Figure 1-11. Fuel Control Panel (C90GTi)

Figure 1-12. Fuel Control Panel (C90A/B/GT)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

FUEL CONTROL PANEL • The When fuel pressure in the sys-

tem falls below a preset point, the
fuel quantity switch provides a means
Description to check both total or nacelle fuel
The fuel control panel configuration for the quantities.
C90GTi is identical to the C90A/B/GT fuel
control panel (Figures 1-11 and 1-12). The On the C90 A/B/GT, the left CB panel con-
C90GTi left CB panel has the applicable tains the applicable fuel system circuit
fuel system circuit breakers, secondary breakers, engine instrument system circuit
flight display system circuit breakers, in- breakers, and the firewall shutoff valve
strument light circuit breakers, engine in- switches.
strument circuit breakers, and the firewall
shutoff valve switches located on it. The
circuit breakers on the panel are color NOTES
coded. Refer to the upper right corner of
the panel for the applicable power source.

The fuel control panel contains the follow-

ing switches and they perform the follow-
ing functions:
• The Left and right fuel T R A N S
PUMP O V E R I D E - A U T O - O F F
switches control the fuel level in the
center section tank. In the A U T O po-
sition the fuel is automatically trans-
ferred to the n a c e l l e tank by the
center tank transfer pump based upon
the level of fuel in the nacelle.
• The B O O S T PUMP switch is a two
position O N - O F F switch. It controls
the low pressure boost pump in the
nacelle tank.
• The T R A N S F E R TEST switch is a
two position switch. It tests the appli-
cable transfer system when moved
toward the system being tested.
• The C R O S S F E E D switch is a three
position O P E N - A U T O - C L O S E
switch. When placed in the OPEN po-
sition the crossfeed valve in the left
wheel well opens. When the switch is
p l a c e d in the A U T O p o s i t i o n the
crossfeed valve opens.

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UHG AIR 9 0 SERIES M A I N T E N A N C E T R A I N I N G M A N U A L

GT AIRSPEED INDICATOR
2 2 6 K I A S
M A X I M U M ( V ) OR .46 M A C H
M 0

NOTE
M A X I M U M A L L O W A B L E AIRSPEED (RED STRIPED)
POINTER IS S E L F - A D J U S T I N G WITH ALTITUDE

I 1 85 KIAS M I N I M U M SINGLE-ENGINE C O N T R O L
^ ™ SPEED ( V ) M C A

108 KIAS SINGLE-ENGINE BEST RATE OF

1 1
C L I M B SPEED ( V ) YSE

| | 7 8 - 8 8 KIAS FULL FLAP OPERATING RANGE

PNEUMATIC PRESSURE
I 8 8 - 1 4 8 KIAS (NARROW) FLAPS UP STALL SPEED
(Vg) T O M A X I M U M LIMIT FLAPS MORE T H A N 4 0 %
| I 1 2 - 2 0 PSI N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE
I 184 KIAS M A X I M U M FLAPS TO/AT A P P R O A C H SPEED
I I 20 PSI M A X I M U M

FUEL QUANTITY

1 0 - 2 5 0 LB NO TAKEOFF RANGE

GYRO SUCTION
I HG 2.8-4.3 N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE
3 5 , 0 0 0 - 1 5 , 0 0 0 FT

I HG 4 . 3 - 5 . 9 N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE
CABIN ALTIMETER AND PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ' 1 5 , 0 0 0 - S E A LEVEL

0 - 5 . 0 PSI (APPROVED OPERATING RANGE)

5.0 PSI T O END OF SCALE (UNAPPROVED

OPERATING RANGE)

PROPELLER DEICER AMMETER

I I 1 8 - 2 4 AMPERES N O R M A L OPERATION
FLAP POSITION INDICATOR

I | 4 0 % APPROACH

NOTES:
ALL ILLUSTRATION NEEDLES MAY NOT
REFLECT NORMAL INDICATIONS

C90GT (PT6A-135A) MARKINGS SHOWN

Figure 1-13. Instrument Markings (C90A/B/GT/GTi)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

Figures 1-13 and 1-14 show miscellaneous primary flight displays (PFDs) and MFD
C 9 0 A / B / G T flight and engine instrument (Figures 1-15 and 1-16). Display control is
markings for several key aircraft instru- provided by either the display control panel
ments. The C90GTi engine and instrument (DCP) for the PFDs or the reversionary
marking have been incorporated into the panel below the MFD.
adaptive flight displays, also know as the

INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE GAGE TORQUE METER

1 I 4 0 0 - 8 0 5 ° C N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE I I 0 - 1 5 2 0 N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE

HHI 805°C M A X I M U M C O N T I N U O U S LIMIT I -M 1520 M A X I M U M LIMIT

1 1 1090°C M A X I M U M STARTING ONLY LIMIT

PROPELLER TACHOMETER (N SPEED) P GAS GENERATOR TACHOMETER (N SPEED) 1

I I 1 1 0 0 - 1 9 0 0 RPM N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE I I 5 8 - 1 0 1 . 5 % N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE

I I 1900 RPM M A X I M U M LIMIT HHI 1 0 1 . 5 % M A X I M U M LIMIT

OIL TEMPERATURE SCALE

NO LIMITATIONS MARKINGS
| I 0 - 9 9 ° C N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE

| 99° M A X I M U M OIL TEMPERATURE LIMIT

OIL PRESSURE SCALE

| 40 PSI M I N I M U M LIMIT
NOTES:
C90GT (PT6A-135A) MARKINGS SHOWN I I 4 0 - 8 5 PSI CAUTION RANGE

| | 8 5 - 1 0 5 PSI N O R M A L OPERATING RANGE

HHH 105 PSI M A X I M U M LIMIT

Figure 1-14. Engine Instrument Markings (C90A/B/GT)

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

FLIGHT GUIDANCE PRESELECTED

ANNUNCIATORS ALTITUDE

VNAV ALTITUDE

AIRSPEED
TAPE ALTITUDE AND
VERTICAL
SPEED TAPES

ACTIVE NAV ARC FORMAT

SOURCE AND WITH TERRAIN
WAYPOINT/NAV OVERLAY
INFORMATION SELECTED

PRESET

LINE SELECT LINE SELECT

KEYS (LSK) KEYS (LSK)

< ET RADAR ON

C0M1 121.800 ATC1 4336 UTC 14:41 RAT15°C COM2 125.250

Figure 1-15. Primary Flight Display (PFD)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

The C90GTi engine instruments have been NOTES

incorporated into the multifunction dis-
play (MFD) in the center instrument panel
(Figure 1-16). Refer to the AMM and POH
for more information on engine indication/
limitations.

Figure 1-16. Multifunction Display (MFD)

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Figure 1-17. Right Circuit Breaker Panels

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

The main CB panel is on the right side NOTES

panel next to the copilot (Figures 1-17).
The majority of the system circuit break-
ers are on this panel. The static air selec-
tor switch is just below the CB panel. On
the C90GTi the right circuit breaker panel
has been color coded to reflect the appli-
cable bus for each circuit breaker. For a
breakdown of the color codes refer to the
upper left side of the panel.

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KING AIR 9 0 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

r
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VOLTMETER
BUS SELECT
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OPERATION LIMITATIONS

King Air C90A/B/GT

Figure 1-18. Overhead Panels

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

The lighting control panel is in the overhead NOTES

area between the pilot and copilot (Figure
1-18).The various rheostat controls for the
flight deck and instrument lighting are on
this panel, convenient to both pilot and
copilot.

The following are also mounted on this

panel:
• Windshield wiper control
• Generator load meters
• Voltmeter and battery ammeter
• Propeller deice ammeter
• Emergency light switch

• Inverter frequency and AC voltmeter

( C 9 0 A / B / G T only)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

DETAIL B
Figure 1-19. Pilot and Copilot Primary Flight Displays (C90GT1)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

The pilot subpanel is just below the instru- NOTES

ment panel on the left side (Figure 1-19).
The copilot subpanel is on the right side
(Figure 1-20). Aircraft systems controls, en-
gine switches, master switch, and landing
gear controls are on these subpanels.

On the C90GTi the inverter switch has been

removed and the secondary flight display
s y s t e m ( S F D S ) p o w e r switch has b e e n
a d d e d to the p i l o t o u t b o a r d s u b p a n e l
(Figure 1-21). The pilot inboard subpanel
and both copilot subpanel switches did not
change.

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 Figure 1-20. Pilot Subpanels (C90A/B/GT)

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KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M A N U A L

Table 1-1. SERIAL NUMBER BREAKS

AVIONICS
Proline 21 LJ-1769, LJ-1847, LJ-1853 and subsequent
EFIS 84 LJ-1306, 1310, 1316 thru LJ-1767
ELT Remote Switch LJ-1401 and subsequent
EHSI-74 installed Sporadic prior to LJ-1306, 1310, 1316
Avionics compartment moisture barrier C90B and subsequent
Cockpit Voice Recorder standard LJ-1353, 1354, 1357 and subsequent
King KMD-850 and Garmin 400 installed LJ-1676 thru LJ-1767 (LJ-1630, -LJ-1665
through 1675 have STC'd mod.)
ELECTRICAL
Color coded C/B panel LJ-1769, LJ-1847, LJ-1843; and subsequent
Lead Acid Battery LJ-1534 and subsequent
Volt/Ammeter split gage LJ-1534 and subsequent
Engine Gages all DC powered LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
CBs added to fuel panel for engine gages LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
ANNUNCIATORS
Master Caution LJ-1353 and subsequent
Oil Pressure annunciator added LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
DC GEN / NO FUEL XFR / PITCH TRIM OFF LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
annunciators Amber
Ignition annunciators change from yellow to green LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
Chip Detect annunciators changed to amber C90B and subsequent
PITOT HEAT annunciators standard (JAR OPS) LJ-1676 and subsequent
L and R BL AIR OFF annunciators standard LJ-1688, 1689, 1691 and subsequent
ENGINE
PT6A-135A (C90GT) LJ-1727, LJ-1754, LJ-1756 through LJ-1768,
LJ-1770 through LJ-1852
Torque transducer Solid State LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
Oil Pressure Caution range from 40-80 psi LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
PROPELLER
Syncroscope does not turn while single-engine LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
Hartzell 4-blade props LJ-1542 and subsequent
Dynamic propeller balancing cannon plug behind copilot seat C90B and subsequent
FUEL
Fuel filter bypass popout pin LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
No anti-siphon valve on nacelle tank LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
FLIGHT CONTROLS
Follow-up flaps C90B and subsequent

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 FlightSafety.
international

KING AIR 90 SERIES MAINTENANCE TRAINING M A N U A L

Refer to Table 1-1 for the serial number NOTES

break down.

Table 1-1. SERIAL NUMBER BREAKS (Cont)

AICRAFT GENERAL
C90B LJ-1288, 1295, 1302, 1303, 1305-1308, 1311, 1312,
1314 through 1316, 1318,1320 and subsequent
JAL C90A mods LJ-1147, 1289 through 1294
MOT Canada C90A and C90B cross (3-blade LJ-1300-1301, 1304, 1309-1310, 1313, 1317, and 1319
and EHSI-74 plus C90B basics)
Medecco Door Locks LJ-1540 and subsequent
Jaguar style interior standard (except C90SE) LJ-1540 and subsequent
Composite Cabinetry, partitions and tables LJ-1531 and subsequent
Improved Airstair door openting instructions LJ-1534 and subsequent
Openable nose avionics door removed LJ-1531 and subsequent
Airspeed limits placard moved to overhead panel LJ-1361, 1363 and subsequent
C90A increased gross weight to 10,100 lbs. LJ-1138 and subsequent (except 1146, 1288,1295)
Digital OAT gage C90B and subsequent
Cockpit flashlight and holder C90B and subsequent
Numerous cabin updates for seats, carpet, C90B and subsequent
cabinets, and headliner
V M C A reduced to 80 KIAS C90B and subsequent
Last Jaguar edition LJ-1651
Aileron Wedge Standard LJ-1676

Revision 0 FOR T R A I N I N G P U R P O S E S O N L Y 1-31