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A Level Mathematics
C2 Calculus (Answers)

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 C2 - Calculus (Answers)
MEI, OCR, AQA, Edexcel

dy d2 y
1. For each of the following functions calculate dx and dx2 :

dy d2 y
(a) dx = 1, dx2 = 0. [2]

dy 2 d2 y 5
(b) dx = 3x− 3 , dx2 = − 29 x− 3 . [2]

dy d2 y
(c) dx = 4x2 , dx2 = 8x. [2]

dy d2 y
(d) dx = 20x3 + 3, dx2 = 60x2 . [3]

dy d2 y
(e) dx = 2x − 1, dx2 = 2. [3]

dy d2 y
(f) dx = −3x, dx2 = −3. [3]

dy d2 y
(g) dx = 6x2 − 32x + 30, dx2 = 12x − 32. [3]

dy 2 d2 y 4
(h) dx =1− x2 , dx2 = x3 . [3]
   
dy 7 3 5 d2 y 3 7 9
(i) dx = 1
4 11x 4 + 2x− 4 − x− 4 , dx2 = 1
16 77x 4 − 6x− 4 + 5x− 4 . [3]

dy d2 y
(j) dx = 4x, dx2 = 4. [4]

2. Find the gradients of the following functions at the speficied points:

(a) 12. [2]

(b) − 32 . [3]

(c) 2. [4]

3. Consider the function f (x) = x2 − 2x + 4:

(a) First we verify that the point (1, 3) lies on the curve which indeed it does. Nwo f 0 (x) = 2x − 2 and
f 0 (1) = 0 and so (1, 3) is a stationary point. [5]

(b) f 00 (x) = 2 > 0 therefore the stationary point is a minimum. [2]

(c) Completing the square yields f (x) = (x−1)2 +3 and so (1, 3) is the minimum point of the quadratic;
it is a stationary point. [2]

(d) f 0 (4) = 6 therefore the gradient is 6. [2]

(e) When x = 4, f (4) = 12, so the point (4, 12) lies on the curve. Now we use coordinate geometry on
the point (4, 12) using a gradient of 6 to obtain the tangent line g(x) = 6(x − 2) as required. [5]

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4. Consider the function f (x) = 23 x3 + bx2 + 2x + 3, where b is some undetermined coefficient:

(a) f 0 (x) = 2x2 + 2bx + 2 and f 00 (x) = 4x + 2b. [4]

(b) f (x) has a stationary point at x = 2 therefore we know that f 0 (2) = 0, where f 0 (2) = 0 = 10 + 4b.
Rearranging gives b = − 25 . [3]

(c) We need to solve f 0 (x) = 0. Thus we need to solve the quadratic 2x2 − 5x + 2
= 0. The solutions
are x = 2 and x = 12 . And so the other stationary point has coordinates 12 , 83
24 . [2]

(d) f 00 (2) = 3 > 0 and f 00 ( 12 ) = −3 < 0, therefore the point at x = 2 is a minimum and the point at
x = 12 is a maximum point. [3]

5. Integrate the following functions. Remember to include a constant of integration:

(a) y = x + c. [2]
4
(b) y = 32 x 3 + c. [2]

3 4
(c) y = 16 x + x. [2]

(d) y = 15 x5 + 32 x2 + 8x + c. [3]

(e) y = 13 x3 − 12 x2 + c. [3]

(f) y = − 56 x3 + 5x + c. [3]

(g) y = 12 x4 − 16 3
3 x + 15x2 + c. [3]

6. f (x) = 21 x2 + 3x + 1. [4]

7. f (x) = 4x4 + 3x3 + 12 x − 10. [5]

8. Consider the second derivative f 00 (x) = 6x + 4 of some cubic function f (x).

(a) f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 4x + c. [2]

(b) f (x) = x3 + 2x2 + 10. [4]

(c) We solve f 0 (x) = 0 = 3x2 + 4x. The solutions to the quadratic are x = 0 and x = − 43 . The point
(0, 10) is a minimum and the point (− 34 , 302
27 ) is a maximum. [5]

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 9. Consider the quadratic function f (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 4.
R2
(a) −1
f (x) dx = 24. [4]

(b) The area under the curve f (x) between x = −1 and x = 2. [2]

1
10. y = 2x2 + x + 1. [4]

11. Consider the functions f (x) = −x3 + 2x2 + 3x and g(x) = −x3 + 3x2 − x + 3 sketched below.

f (x) g(x)

√
(a) f 0 (x) = −3x2 +4x+3. We solve the quadratic equation f 0 (x) = 0 to obtain the solutions x = 32 ± 13
3
as required. [5]

(b) (1, 4) and (3, 0). [4]

28
(c) 3 . [3]
R3
(d) 1
g(x) dx = 8. [3]

28
(e) Area= 3 − 8 = 34 . [2]

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12. Consider the function f (x) = x2 + 1. By differentiating from first principles show that f 0 (x) = 2.

Hint: Calculate the following limit:

f (x + h) − f (x) 2(x + h) + 1 − (2x + 1)

lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h
2x + 2h + 1 − 2x − 1
= lim
h→0 h
2h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim 2 = 2,
h→0

as required. [4]

13. Consider the curve plotted below.

(2, 6)

(1, 4)

(3, 0)

Rb
(a) A simple application of the trapezium rule formula: a
y dx ≈ 12 h ((yo + yn ) + 2 (y1 + y2 + · · · + yn−1 )),
where h = b−a
n .

Here y0 = 0, y1 = 4, y2 = 6 and y3 = 0.

Substituting these values into the formula yields Area= 10. [4]

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