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Geography

Uploaded by

dmyreplacement
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Geography

Ch - 4 Climate
Question and answers :

1. Why does India has a monsoon type of climate?


India has a monsoon type of climate because of the strong influence of the monsoon
winds over the sub-continent. The summer monsoons cause heavy rainfall when they blow from
sea to land. The winter monsoon winds blow from the interior of the continent to the sea and do
not cause much rain. There is a seasonal reversal of the wind system ‘monsoon’.

2. Give reasons as to why for the following:


( i ) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent
Land and water are of different densities,so the rate of heating and cooling varies. The
Indian subcontinent is surrounded by water on three sides. In summer the landmass of
India is warmer than the surrounding sea, therefore there is low pressure. The sea is
cooler, thereby having higher pressure. So the winds blow from sea to land. In winter the
land has high pressure while the sea has low pressure. Therefore, the winds blow
towards the sea. Thus a seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place.

(ii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall winds.


During the winter season the Tamil Nadu coast receives rain from the north east
Monsoon which blow from land to sea. They do not cause any rain in the northern part of
the country. But while crossing the Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and cause rain
on the eastern coast of south India, mainly the Tamil Nadu coast.

(iii) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the western Ghats are
drought-prone.
Relief / Mountains play an important role in the distribution of rainfall in India. The
moisture laden winds (South West Monsoons) cause heavy rainfall on the windward
slopes of the Western Ghats and Kashi - Garo hills .As the winds cross over to the
leeward slopes, there is less rainfall as most of it has been deposited on the slope facing
the winds. All the area on the leeward side is deprived of rain and is drought-prone.
Rajasthan also lies in the rain shadow of the Aravali hills.

3. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.


(a) Monsoon winds are unreliable, as the exact time of arrival and departure is not the
same year after year.
(b) The rainfall is unevenly distributed. Certain areas receive heavy rainfall (windward
slopes of the Western Ghats) while in other areas the rainfall is less (Thar Desert),
causing floods and droughts.
(c) The monsoon rain is concentrated within the three months (June to September) of the
year while the rest of the year is more or less dry.
(d) There is a seasonal reversal of winds.
The monsoon rains are important in India and its effect can be seen when they arrive. All
over the country people eagerly wait for its arrival. The farmers are ready to sow their
seeds and the agriculture activities begin. What is provided to the rivers which carry it to
different parts of the country. Plants and animals rejuvenate with the coming of the
monsoons. The supply of water through the rivers is very important for the generation of
power.

4. Explain the features of the Monsoon rains.


(a) The Monsoon is often irregular in its arrival and retreat.
(b) The rainfall is unevenly distributed. Certain regions lying on the windward slopes
of the mountains receive heavy rain while those in the rain shadow area receives
less.
(c) The amount of rain varies annually.
(d) The rainfall is concentrated within the three months of the year.
(e) The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity. At one place the rainfall is
very heavy causing floods while at another place it might have a famines.

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